• Title/Summary/Keyword: zoysiagrass

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Soil Properties and Growth Characteristics by Production Periods of Zoysiagrass Sods (뗏장 재배기간에 따른 Zoysiagrass의 생육과 토양의 특성)

  • Han, Jeong-Ji;Lee, Kwang-Soo;Choi, Su-Min;Park, Yong-Bae;Bae, Eun-Ji
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.262-267
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    • 2015
  • In order to establish the efficient sod production and soil management, there is a need to perform research on the growing condition of zoysiagrass on soil environments. With an attempt to identify the growth of zoysiagrass and the chemical characteristics of soil according to different growing seasons, this study was carried out in separate areas where zoysiagrass has been grown for 1 year, 10 years, 20 years, and 30 years. As the growing season became longer, bulk density of the soil was increased, porosity and gaseous phase were decreased. The level of pH was highest in the area where zoysiagrass has been produced for 30 years, whereas total nitrogen and organic matters were found to be the greatest in where zoysiagrass has been produced for 1 year. Accordingly, the chemical properties of soil were deteriorated more in the area with continuous cropping than in the area with 1 year of cropping. As the time period of producing zoysiagrass became longer, growth of shoot and root were decreased. In this study, it is required to produce zoysiagrass through soil improvement in areas that have been used for production for over 10 years.

Morphological Characteristics and Occurrence of Yellow Tuft on Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) in Cultivation Fields (들잔디 재배지에 발생한 총생 증상 및 형태적 특성)

  • Cheon, Chang Wook;Han, Jung Ji;Kim, Dong Soo;Kwak, Youn-Sig;Bae, Enu Ji
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2016
  • Yellow tuft symptoms of a dense cluster on zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) occurred extensively at cultivated fields of zoysiagrass sods in Jangsung. The dense cluster of zoysiagrass showed significant morphological changes such as the tufts of shortening of internodes. The disease symptom was spread on a large scale throughout stolon nodes with multiple short leaves and it thrives in broom-like shaped clusters, exhibiting light green or yellow color on their leaves. The dense cluster of zoysiagrass had approximately 5.8 times more leaves on each node of its stolon then healthy zoysiagrass. Also, these zoysiagrass had poorly developed root and stolon caused by the tufts of a dense cluster of shoots. The dense cluster of zoysiagrass were collected for the putative causal agent incubation and upon close observation, it was found that the sporangia took the shape of a lemon, each sporangium was pointed at the end of its axis and was measured to be $60{\sim}96{\times}42{\sim}51{\mu}m$. These findings were analogous to the mycological characteristics of sporangia formed by the pathogen Sclerophthora macrospora. The symptoms of yellow tuft were prevalent in spring and autumn. Therefore, this study aims to present fundamental data in relation to yellow tuft on zoysiagrass in Korea.

Gene expression involved in dark-induced leaf senescence in zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica)

  • Cheng, Xiaoxia;Dai, Xiaomei;Zeng, Huiming;Li, Yunxia;Tang, Wei;Han, Liebao
    • Plant Biotechnology Reports
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.285-292
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    • 2009
  • Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) is one of the important turfgrass species. Extending green period of zoysiagrass via delaying leaf senescence will make this species have more potential in the turfgrass industry. In this study, we found that zoysiagrass seedlings treated with $GA_3$ could delay the leaf senescence induced by darkness. To study expression of genes responsive to staying green in zoysiagrass, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify differentially expressed genes between non-$non-GA_3-treated$ and $GA_3-treated$ seedlings subjected to darkness. A total of 307 ESTs were generated, of which 226 ESTs clustered into 54 contigs and 81 were singlets. Differentially expressed genes selected by subtractions were classified into six categories according to their putative functions generated by BLAST analysis. Expression of five selected genes, Met, SAM, V-ATPase, Cry (Cryptochrome gene), and An (diphthine synthase gene) were examined by RT-PCR and Real-time PCR. Both RT-PCR and Real-time PCR results demonstrated that the differential expressions of these genes were attributable to delaying senescence by exogenously applied gibberellic acid. This is the first genome-wide study of senescence in a species of turfgrass.

Managing Mixtures of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) for Athletic Turf (톨 페스큐와 한국들잔디로 혼합 조성된 운동장 잔디관리)

  • Li, Deying;Han, Lei
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.197-216
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    • 2008
  • Managing a mixture of zoysiagrass with tall fescue has been proposed in transitional zone as a practical practice to combine the advantages of the two species and compensate the limitations. To manage the mixture is a challenge because two species are involved. The objective of this study was to determine if zoysiagrass/tall fescue mixture can be maintained with proper mowing and fertilization under simulated sport traffic at an acceptable quality level. Zoysiagrass was seeded in June and tall fescue was overseeded in August 1996. In November 1996, zoysiagrass coverage was 62.36, 29.88, and 30.02% for 0, 50, and $100\;Kg\;ha^{-l}\;N$ rates, respectively. At the same time, zoysiagrass coverage was 23.53, 41.95, and 57.40% for the mowing heights of 6.5, 5.0, and 3.5 cm, respectively. Zoysiagrass and tall fescue coverage in July 1997 was showing the same trend as in the late season of 1996 although the differences were not as big. There were significant interactions between N fertilization rates and mowing heights. In November 1998, the zoysiagrass coverage was different among the two tall fescue variety mixtures, 21.68, and 32.25% in 'Arid' and 'Grasslands Garland', respectively. Zoysiagrass coverage was favored in lower mowing height, lower N rates, and lower traffic. Interaction effects on zoysiagrass were found between tall fescue variety and nitrogen rate, tall fescue variety and mowing height, and traffic and nitrogen rate. Zoysiagrass shoot density was 7.42, 25.47, and 58.95% for mowing heights of 6.5, 5, and 3.5 cm, respectively; and it was 47.27, 20.27, and 26.26% for N rates of 0, 50, and $100\;Kg\;ha^{-l}\;$, respectively in 1998. The effects on zoysiagrass shoot density from the interaction of N rate and tall fescue variety was significant in 1998. Shoot density responded to the N rate, mowing height, and traffic differently from the ground coverage, indicating that shoot and leaf growth have different adaptation strategies.

Development of Production Technology for Mixed Lines Sod in Zoysiagrass (한국잔디류의 혼식뗏장 생산기술 개발)

  • 이재필;김종빈;김두환
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to make the utmost use of the good traits and to improve the poor traits of zoysiagrass through the production technology for mixed lines sod in addition to breeding. Mixed lines sod was produced by mixing broad or middle leaf line with narrow leaf line by volume, a ratio of 1 to 2. The mixed lines sod of zoysiagrass was superior to the single ling sod, which is used commonly, for the establishment rate, coverage rate, shoot density, texture, leaf color, dormancy period cnd color, and visual quality.

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High Efficiency of Plant Regeneration from Seed-Derived Callus of Zoysiagrass cv. Zenith (Zoysiagrass japonica의 효율적인 재분화체계에 관한 연구)

  • Ming Liang Chai
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.195-202
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    • 1998
  • The development of a protocol for high efficiency of embryogenic callus separation, maintenance and plant regeneration from the seeds of zoysiagrass cv. Zenith was studied. Embryogenic callus ratio is absolutely determined by genotype, but by adding high concentration of copper into medium, changing light condition and maintaining callus on initial induction medium for 8∼10 weeks, embryogenic callus can be easily distinguished and its growth can be promoted. There were significant differences among selected callus lines (each from one seed) according to their growth rates and regeneration percentages. Callus pre-treatment with activated charcoal inhibited callus growth, increased the level of precocious germination during culture and promoted shoot cluster formation after transfer to regeneration medium. For long-term callus maintenance, N6AA medium was better than MS medium, because the former inhibited non-embryogenic callus formation and kept vigor of embryogenic callus. The best callus lines Z-(5) has been successfully used for transformation and somaclonal variation selection in our laboratory.

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Development of Narrow Leaf Type Cultivar "Konhee" in Zoysiagrass (세엽 한국잔디류 신품종 '건희(Konhee)' 육성)

  • 김두환;이재필;김종빈;모숙연
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.147-151
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    • 1999
  • "Konhee" zoysiagrass[Zoysia matrella (L) Merr.](Patent registration no. 2000-723), a vegetative cultivar, was developed by the Dept. of Horticultural Science, Konkuk University, Seoul. "Konhee" was selected from the cross, ZKV6$\times$ZKV10, in 1997 and F1 seed were produced in the greenhouse in 1996. "Konhee" is superior to the other fine leaf zoysiagrass lines in many traits such as erect type, plant height($8.5\pm$2.0cm), short 3rd stolon length($3.4\pm$0.5cm), dark green, fine leaf($2.3\pm$0.2mm), low first sheath height($0.9\pm$0.2cm), rapid establishment and recoverage, many stolon number, and high shoot density. When "Konhee" was compared to the five other zoysisagrass lines at the DNA level using 35 PCR primers, it had the specific bands with primer No. 740, 544, 765, 772 by RAPD analysis.No. 740, 544, 765, 772 by RAPD analysis.

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Herbicide Resistant Turfgrass(Zoysia japonica cv. 'Zenith') Plants by Particle bombardment-mediated Transformation

  • Lim Sun-Hyung;Kang Byung-Chorl;Shin Hong-Kyun
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.211-219
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    • 2004
  • Transgenic zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica cv. Zenith) plants have been obtained by particle bombardment of embryogenic callus with the plasmid pSMABuba, which contains hygromycin resistance (hpt) and bialaphos resistance (bar) genes. Parameters on DNA delivery efficiency of the particle bombardment were partially optimized using transient expression assay of a chimeric $\beta-glucuronidase$(gusA) gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. Stably transfarmed zoysiagrass plants were recovered with a selection scheme using hygromycin. Transgenic zoysiagrass plants were confirmed by PCR analysis with specific primer for bar gene. Expression of the transgene in transformed zoysiagrass plants was demonstrated by Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis. All the tested transgenic plants showed herbicide BastaR resistance at the field application rate of $0.1\%-0.3\%$.

Influence of Cultivated Conditions and Fungicides on Development of Rhizoctonia Diseases of Zoysiagrass and Bentgrass (한국들잔디와 벤트그라스의 라이족토니아 마름병 발생에 미치는 재배조건 및 살균제의 영향)

  • 이재홍;이두형
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.199-206
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    • 1995
  • This study is aimed to clarify on the influence of cultivated conditions and fungicides on development of Rhizoetonia diseases of zoysiagrass and creeping bentgrass and results are as follows. Infection rates of disease were observed more serious when inoculum amounts were higher than low. Effects of the watering intervals on the severity of disease with artificial inoculating conditions, infection rates were higher when two days watering interval for creeping bentgrass and one day interval for zoysiagrass. Disease severity of creeping bentgrass incited by Rhizoetonia solani AG 1 (1A) was grater under conditions of double amounts of nitrogen fertilization. A posi- tive correlation was founded between the pH and disease development. The pots with pH 5 and 8 were significantly more diseased grass than those in which the pH was in 6.5. Mepronil and myclobutanil were extremely effective against brown patch of creeping bentgrass and large patch of zoysiagrass and followed by capro, and tebeonazole. Fenari was inferior effect to both diseases.

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Identification and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia species Isolated from Turfgrasses (잔디에서 분리한 Rhizoctonia spp.의 동정과 병원성)

  • Lee, Du-Hyung;Choe, Yang-Yun;Lee, Jae-Hong;Kim, Jin-Won
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.23 no.3 s.74
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    • pp.257-265
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    • 1995
  • Morphological characteristics and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia species causing blight diseases of turfgrasses were studied. The species were identified as Rhizoctonia cerealis Van der Hoeven, R. oryzae Ryker et Gooch, and R. solani $K{\ddot{u}hn}$ based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Isolates of R. solani were assigned to anastomosis groups (AG) with cultural type 1 (1A), 2-2 (IIIB), and 2-2 (IV). R. cerealis, R. oryzae and R. solani induced sheath rot and foliar blight symptoms on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). Inoculation tests showed that disease severity with isolates of R. cerealis and R. oryzae were more serious to creeping bentgrass than zoysiagrass. AG 1(1A) isolates of R. solani were strongly pathogenic on creeping bentgrass, but moderate to zoysiagrass. AG 2-2 (III) isolates were moderately pathogenic to zoysiagrass, but weakly to creeping bentgrass. AG 2-2 (IV) isolates from zoysiagrass were moderately pathogenic to zoysiagrass, but weakly to creeping bentgrass.

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