• 제목/요약/키워드: zinc nutritional status

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비만 중학생의 비만도와 영양지식, 영양섭취상태 및 혈액성상과의 상관성 (Relation Between Obesity Indices and, Nutritional Knowledge Nutritional Status and Blood Parameters in Obese Middle-School Students)

  • 최미경;김미현;이윤신;조혜경;김경희;이보배;성미경;승정자
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.181-189
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구에서는 청소년의 효과적인 비만관리 프로그램을 실시하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제시하기 위하여 부천시 보건소에서 개최한 청소년 캠프에 참여한 남녀 비만 중학생 총 42명 (남 28명, 여 14명)을 대상으로 신체 계측, 24시간 식사섭취조사, 혈액성상 분석 그리고 영양지식, 영양태도, 자아만족도 등에 대한 설문조사를 실시하고 비만도와 영양지식, 영양섭취상태 및 혈액성상과의 상관성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 연구대상자들의 평균 연령은 13.9세였으며, 체중, 체질량지수, 비만지수, 허리엉덩이둘레 비, 체지방률은 남학생이 각각 75.5 kg, 29.1 kg/$m^2$, 30.1, 0.89, 33.3%이었고, 여학생이 각각 67.8 kg, 27.5 kg/$m^2$, 25.3,0.81, 34.6%이었다. 영양태도 점수(40점 만점)는 남학생이 30.3점, 여학생이 30.1점으로 남녀 모두 비교적 긍정적인 영양태도를 보이고 있었으며, 자아만족도(50점 만점)는 남학생이 34.7점, 여학생이 33.8점으로 자신에 대하여 보통수준 이상의 만족도를 가지고 있었다. 영양지식 점수(16점 만점)는 남학생이 12.7점, 여학생이 12.4점으로 유사한 영양지식 수준을 보였다. 열량 섭취량은 남학생이 2137.7kcal,여학생이 2059.7kcal로 권장량의 각각 85.5%와 98.1% 섭취수준을 보였다. 단백질은 권장량 대비 남학생 110.3%, 여학생 107.3%섭취 수준이었으며, 총 열량에 대한 당질, 단백질, 지질의 섭취비율은 남학생 57:14:29, 여학생 60:13:26으로 남녀학생 모두 총 열량에 대한 지질의 섭취비율이 높았다. 인, 비타민 B$_1$, B$_{6}$, E를 제외한 칼슘, 철, 아연, 비타민 A, B$_2$, C, 나이아신, 엽산 등 대부분의 미량 영양소 섭취량은 권장량에 미치지 못하였다. 혈청 COT, GPT는 남학생이 여학생보다 각 항목에서 유의하게 높았고, 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지질, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤은 남녀학생 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 적혈구지수의 경우 적혈구수, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿, MCHC가 남학생이 여학생보다 유의하게 높았다. 체중, 체질량지수, 비만지수는 모두 수축기 혈압과 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였고(p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05), 체지방률은 영양지식과 유의한 부의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 비만도와 영양소 섭취량과의 관계에서 체중, 체질량지수, 비만지수는 콜레스테롤 섭취량과(p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05) 각각 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 비만도와 혈액성상과의 관계에서 체중은HDL-콜레스테롤과 유의한 부의 상관관계를(p<0.05), 적혈구수, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿과는 유의한 정의 상관관계를(각 p<0.05) 보였다. 체질량지수와 비만지수는 각각 HDL-콜레스테롤과는 부의 (각 P<0.05), 적혈구수와는 정의(각 p<0.05) 상관관계를 보였다. 허리엉덩이둘레비는 혈청 GPT, glucose, MCV와 각각 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였다(각 p<0.05). 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때 남녀 비만 중학생 모두 총 열량 섭취량 중 지질로 인한 열량 섭취비율이 높았고 비만도가 증가할수록 콜레스테롤의 섭취가 높게 나타났으며, 대상자의 체지방률이 증가할수록 영양지식 점수가 감소하는 결과를 나타내어 비만 청소년을 대상으로 한 영양교육의 중요성이 제시되었다. 또한 여러 비만도 평가지표들은 혈액성상의 변화와도 유의적인 관련성을 보였으나, 본 연구는 대상자의 수가 적고 비만 청소년만을 대상자로 하고 있는 제한점을 가지고 있으므로 향후 좀더 많은 대상자를 확보하고 정상 대조군과의 비교를 통하여 비 만에 있어 다양한 혈액성상의 변화 및 역할규명에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

농촌지역 노인에서 동거유형에 따른 건강상태, 식행동 및 영양소 섭취 수준의 변화 양상 비교 (Comparison of Health Status, Dietary Behavior and Nutrient Intakes According to Family Types of the Elderly in Rural Areas)

  • 김복희
    • 통합자연과학논문집
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.140-148
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to compare of health status, dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes according to family types of the elderly in rural areas. Family types were divided into three types-elderly living alone, elderly living with spouse, and elderly living with spouse and children. Subjects were 119 persons aged over 65 years (34 male, 85 females) living in rural areas and period of survey was from 29 January 2007 to 2 February. General environmental factors, health status, dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes were compared according to family types, the elderly living along showed a significantly lower in monthly income(p<0.01), self perceived health status(p<0.001), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living(IADL) score, and General Self Efficacy Scale(GSES) score compared to the elderly living with spouse and those living with spouse and children. However, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was higher than those of the elderly living family members (p<0.05). In addition, sum of dietary behavior score was the lowest in the elderly living alone (22.3 in elderly living alone, 24.1 in elderly living with spouse, 23.4 in elderly living with spouse and children, p<0.001) and nutrient intakes of potassium, zinc, vitamin C(p<0.01 respectively), calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and folic acid(p<0.05 respectively) also reported to be significantly lower in the elderly living alone than in others of two types. From these results, health status, dietary behavior pattern and nutrient intakes of the elderly living alone were found to be inadequate overall, so measures to deal with these health and nutritional status were needed.

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Effect of seasonal changes on nutritional status and biochemical parameters in Turkish older adults

  • Ersoy, Nesli;Tasci, Ilker;Ozgurtas, Taner;Salih, Bekir;Doruk, Huseyin;Rakicioglu, Neslisah
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.315-323
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    • 2018
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Available data suggest that seasonal changes may influence the nutritional status and overall health of elderly individuals. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of seasonal changes and related factors on energy and nutrient intake of older adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Individuals aged 65 years or over were prospectively enrolled in this single-center study (male: 11, female: 20). Data were collected between May 2013 and February 2014 during winter, spring, summer and autumn. Food consumption and biochemical parameters were taken during each season to assess the seasonal nutrition status of the elderly. Upon analysis of biochemical parameters (retinol, vitamin D and vitamin C), an high-performance liquid chromatography device was utilized whereas an Immulite 2000 device was utilized during analysis of serum folic acid and parathyroid hormone. RESULTS: Fruit, fat, egg and bread consumption varied seasonally in males and females (P < 0.05). During winter, daily energy intake was found to be greater than in other seasons in males (557 kcal) and females (330 kcal) (P < 0.05). Additionally, carbohydrates, vegetable protein, n-3 fatty acid and sodium intake increased in winter, while the n-6/n-3 ratio increased in summer among males (P < 0.05). Dietary fiber and sodium intake in winter, vitamin C, iron and zinc intake in spring, and cholesterol, retinol, vitamin D and niacin intake in autumn were found to be higher in females when compared to other seasons (P < 0.05). Serum parathyroid hormone level was higher in winter, and vitamin D level was higher in autumn in both genders (P < 0.05). In males, blood folic acid level was higher in winter, while vitamin C level was higher in females, and there was no seasonal variation in retinol concentration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Food consumption and biochemical parameters showed significant seasonal variations in older adults. It is not clear if nutrition plans in older adults will benefit from consideration of seasonal changes in eating habits.

도시 저소득층 지역의 모자 영양 및 섭식에 관한 생태학적 연구 -III. 영유아의 섭식과 성장발육- (Ecological Studies of Maternal-Infant Nutrition and Feeding in Urban Low Income Areas -III. Infant's Nutrient Intakes and Growth pattern-)

  • 안흥석;정지윤
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.174-189
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and growth of Korean infants, who were atending peripheral community clinics in low income areas, by anthropometric measurements and estimating dietary intakes. Dietary intakes and growth were compared among different feeding patterns of 143 infants until age 9 months. The overall mean nutrient intakes of infants in this study were below the recommended allowances except the calcium intake from significant difference in each groups; however, calcium, zinc and iron intake of the formula fed infant(FF) was higher than the breast fed infant(BF) or the mixed fed infant(MF). Form ages 4-6 months, the nutrient intakes were shown to be higher in groups that were given supplementary foods than groups that were not. From ages 7-9 months, all nutrient intakes were higher in or the formula and supplementary foods fed(ESF) infants than in the breast and supplementary food(BSF) or the formula and supplementary food(FSF) groups, All subjets in this study showed a large Z-score. The growth of infants up to 6 months of age showed no significant difference in the feeding pattern, however, after 7 months of age the BSF group had significantly lower weight than the FSF or the ESF groups, There were significant positive relationships between infants weight gain at age 7-9 months from birth and the current protein or zinc intakes. As a result the average status of nutrient intakes of infants in this area was loser than the RDA, however, the growth pattern was fairly good. Although the breast milk is beneficial for infants, mothers should be educated for the importance of supplemental food and its practice to support good mutrition(Korean J Community Nutrition 3 (2) : 174-189, 1998)

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Antioxidant Status and the Extent of Health Risks in Obese Korean Children

  • Lee WonMyo;Kim EulSang;Ha Aewha;Ximena Urrutia-Rojas
    • Nutritional Sciences
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.133-139
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    • 2005
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine serum antioxidant nutrients and the relationship between serum antioxidants and risks of chronic diseases in obese Korean children Methods: Normal weight Korean school children (0=170), mean age of 11.5$\pm$1.5, and obese (body fat mass > $28\%$) children (0=176), mean age of 11.0$\pm$1.8, were recruited Fat mass ($\%$) was determnined by Bioelectrical Impedance (BEI), and body mass index (BMI) was calculated Fasting blood was collected to measure serum antioxidant nutrients, vitamin A, vitamin E and zinc. Serum lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high density cholesterol (HDL) and triglyceride (TG), and blood glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPI) were also determined. Differences in serum blood measurements between obese and normal children were assessed by independent t test. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results: Blood glucose, GPT, total cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were significantly higher among obese boys, compared to normal boys (p<005). Significantly lower concentrations of serum vitamin E, after adjustment for TG and TC, was shown in obese boys (0.26 mg/mg) and obese girls (0.31 mg/mg), compared to normal boys (0.36 mg/mg) and girls (0.38 mg/mg) (p<0.05). Fat mass ($\%$) was negatively con-elated with serum vitamin A and vitamin E. Conclusion: Obese Korean children showed insufficient serum vitamin E concentration and increased risk for diabetes, atherosclerosis, and liver disease. Since lower vitamin E concentration was negatively con-elated with atherogenic index, improved vitamin E status in children may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis later in life.

체육전공 남학생과 비전공 남학생의 신체조성 및 영양소 섭취에 관한 연구 (The Anthropometric Status and Nutrient Intakes of Physical Education Majors and Non-major Male College Students)

  • 박현옥;현화진;송경희
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.12-21
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    • 2009
  • The study was performed to investigate the relationship of regular exercise to body composition and nutrient intakes of male college students by comparing anthropometric measurements and one-day dietary intakes by 24-hour recall of physical education (PE) majors and non-major male college students. The subjects were 253 students residing in the Gyeonggi area. Only 64.1% and 32.1% of PE majors and non-major students exercised over 4 times a week and PE major students did stronger exercise than the non-major students did. Mean BMI and WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) of the two groups were not different. But percentages of body fat and lean body mass in PE major students were lower and higher, respectively, than those of non-major students. PE major students consumed significantly more energy and other nutrients except iron, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin E than non-major students. Nutrients consumed less than KRDA was calcium in PE major students and energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin $B_{12}$, folate, and vitamin C in non-major students. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of PE major students (1.00) was significantly higher than that of non-major students (0.94). Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) of all nutrients except vitamin A of PE major students was also significantly higher than that of non-major students. Nutrients below 1.00 in INQ of both groups were calcium, zinc, vitamin B2, and folate. Our data supports that regular exercise may positively influence on body composition and increase diet quality in male college students. Therefore, an educational program focused on regular exercise along with proper dietary behavior would be needed.

일부 사춘기 여중생의 혈청 구리, 아연함량과 혈청 렙틴 및 지질과의 관계 (The Study of Relation Among Serum Copper, Zic, Leptin and Lipids of Middl-school Girls)

  • 김미현;이윤신;이다홍;박혜순;승정자
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.540-546
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutritional status of copper and zinc, serum leptin, and lipids of 99 middle school girls residing in kyunggi-do, Korea. Subjects were divided assigned to one of two groups such as normal (BMI<85 percentile, n=58) and obese (85$\leq$BMI, n=41) groups. Subjects were evaluated based on anthropometric measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls and blood analysis. The mean age was 13.93 years. The mean weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), body fat (p<0.001) of obese were significantly higher then those of normal group. The mean daily energy intake was 94.2% of RDA for Korean. The ratio of energy coming from carbohydrate, fat and protein was 63:24:13. The mean daily intakes of Cu and Zn were 1.4 mg and 7.4 mg (73.7% of RDA), and there were no significant difference between two groups. The mean serum levels of leptin (p<0.001), LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.01), TPH (total cholesterol/HDL; p<0.001), LPH (LDL/HDL; p<0.001) and AI (atherogenic index; p<0.001) of obese were significantly higher than those of normal group. The mean serum Cu level of obese was significantly higher than normal group but, the mean serum Zn level of obese was significantly lower than normal group. Serum Cu showed a significantly positive correlations with body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), body fat (p<0.001), serum leptin, and LPH. However, serum Zn showed a significantly negative correlations with body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), serum leptin (p<0.001), TPH (p<0.05), and AI (Atherogenic index; p<0.05). To summarize the results, the Zn intakes of middle school girls did not reach to RDA for Koreans. Also, increase of BMI may lead to decrease of serum zinc level and increase of serum copper level, and this change of serum zinc related to the change of serum leptin and serum lipids level in middle school girls during rapid growth.

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Strategies to Reduce Phytate Content in the Korean Diet

  • Lee, Jee-Min;Li, Sun-Hee;Joung, Hyo-Jee;Paik, Hee-Young
    • International Journal of Human Ecology
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2003
  • High dietary phytate is a known factor in reducing the bioavailability of minerals such as zinc and calcium which are already chronically low in the Korean diet. This study was conducted to develop methods for reducing dietary phytate through the addition of phytate and/or the substitution of high phytate foods with low phytate foods. Ten units of phytase per 100g of uncooked brown rice were added to brown rice gruel resulted in a 16.2% phytate reduction after a 3-hour incubation period; an 18.2% reduction was produced after a 6-hour incubation period. The addition of ten units of phytase per 100g of soybean curd residue at 45$^{\circ}C$, followed by refrigeration for 3 hours, resulted in a 19.1% phytate reduction. The addition of 20 units of phytase under the same conditions reduced phytate content by 24.6%. In this study, two typical Korean meals consisting of legumes and unrefined cereals were prepared as high phytate meals; these were then compared to low phytate meals that had been prepared by treating the foods with phytase and substituting unrefined with refined cereals (i.e., brown rice with white rice, whole wheat bread with white bread). The phytate content of the two high phytate meals was 1878.2mg and 1811.8mg. After the addition of phytase and the food substitution, the phytate content of the low phytate meals was reduced to 788.9mg and 606.0mg. The phytate to zinc molar ratio of high phytate diets was 22.4 and 21.3 and 9.4 and 7.9 for the low phytate meals. These results indicate that the nutritional status of Koreans in terms zinc and other minerals can be improved by phytate reduction. This can be accomplished through the change of milling process for some cereals and/or the enzyme treatment of some high phytate food items.

미숙아를 출산한 산모의 임신시 영양소 섭취실태에 관한 연구 (I) (A Study on Nutrient Intake During Pregnancy of Women of Premature Delivery (I))

  • 이승림;장유경
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.752-760
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    • 2007
  • Inadequate nutritional status of pregnancy can cause underweight and premature birth, undergrowth and deliverance of physically and mentally defected babyies. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines for preventing preterm delivery in the aspect of nutritional factors. The nutrient intakes were compared between a preterm delivery group and a normal term delivery group to recognize risk factors of preterm delivery. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The pregnancy period was statistically longer in the normal term group (p<0.0001). Weight increase was statistically higher in the normal term group (p<0.0001). Calories (p<0.05), carbohydrates (p<0.0005), dietary fibers (p<0.0001), potassium (p<0.0005), vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.0005), vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.05), vitamin C (p<0.0001), and folic acid (p<0.05) intakes were statistically higher in the normal term group. Nutrient density of vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and vitamin C (p<0.0001) in the normal term group was statistically higher. Nutrient adequacy ratio of zinc (p<0.05), vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and folic acid (p<0.05) were statistically higher in the normal term group. Index of Nutritional Quality of vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and vitamin C (p<0.0001) were statistically higher in the normal term group. In this study, the normal term delivery showed higher intakes of calories, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, crude fiber, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$ vitamin C and folic acid than the preterm delivery group. Deficiencies in various nutrients may lead to preterm delivery, therefore, balanced nutrient intake is recommended to prevent preterm delivery.

경기지역 일부 초등학생의 성별과 비만도에 따른 영양소 섭취상태와 혈청 Leptin 및 혈청 지질에 관한 연구 (A Study of Nutrient Intake, Serum Lipid and Leptin Levels of Elementary School Students with Different Obesity Index in Kyunggi Area)

  • 이윤신;박혜순;이명숙;성미경;박동연;최미경;김미현;승정자
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제35권7호
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    • pp.743-753
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutritional status, serum lipids and leptin of 134 elementary school students with different obesity index residing in Kyunggi-do, Korea. Subjects were assigned to under weight, normal weight or over weight group according to the their obesity index. Their nutritional status, serum lipid and leptin levels were evaluated based on 24-hr dietary recalls, anthropometric measurements and blood analysis. The mean weight, height and obesity index of total subjects was 150.8cm, 45.6kg and 5.4%. The mean % of body fat was higher while LBM and TBW (total body water) were lower in over weight subjects than those of other two groups. Total food, plant protein, carbohydrate, and vitamin C intakes of underweight male students were lower than those of overweight male students. The consumption of total fat was the highest in the female normal weight subjects and the lowest in female overweight subjects. Male students consumed more plant protein and vitamin C than female students. The mean daily intake of vitamin B$_2$, calcium and zinc of all subjects did not meet the Korean RDA. Also, iron intake of female students was lower than the Korean RDA. The mean level of serum leptin was the highest in male and female overweight subjects (p<0.001). The HDL-cholesterol level was the highest in the underweight group of male subjects (p<0.05) and in the normal weight group of female subjects (p<0.001) The serum level of leptin and atherogenic index (AI) of females were higher than those of males. Serum leptin of total subjects had significantly positive correlation with obesity index, weight, SBP, body fat, cholesterol intake, serum triglyceride, and AI. However, serum leptin was negatively correlated with LBM, TBW, intake of plant protein, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C and serum HDL-cholesterol. Obesity index was also positively correlated with weight, SBP, body fat, serum triglyceride and AI. To summarize the results, the vitamin B$_2$, calcium, zinc, iron and fiber intakes should be supplied to elementary school students, especially those who were overweight. The average serum leptin level of students showed remarkably positive correlation with obesity index, body fat, serum lipids and AI. Also, it was suggested that the serum leptin might be related to the dietary factors like cholesterol, plant protein, vitamin B$_1$ and vitamin C of elementary school students.