• Title/Summary/Keyword: zinc

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Effects of Body Composition and Nutrients Intake on the Calcaneal Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation in College Students (대학생의 신체계측치와 영양섭취실태가 종골초음파상태에 미치는 영향)

  • Jea, Eun-Joo;Byoun, Kwang-Eui;Youn, Jung-Eun;Lee, Byung-Kook;Kim, Hee-Seon
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.590-599
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of nutritional status measured by the body composition and dietary nutrients intakes with calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation in college students. Total of 886 (462 male and 424 female) students who received health examination in May 2007 participated in this research. Participants bone status was measured by a quantitative ultrasound method and t-score was calculated via WHO guideline. For body composition measurements, body fat, height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Dietary data were collected by a 24-hour recall method. Based on Asia-Pacific standard of WHO, BMI was divided into 3 groups; UW (BMI < 18.5), NW + OW (18.5 $\leqq$ BMI < 25) and Obese group (25 $\leqq$ BMI). Among male students, 2.4% belong to the UW group, 45.0% to the NW+OW group and 52.6% belong to the obese group, bwhile 10.4% of female students belong to the UW group, 71.9% to the NW + OW group and 17.7% of female students belong to the Obese group. Differences among male and female students were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Students with higher BMI showed significantly higher bone health status. Male students did not show any significant differences in nutrients intakes by BMI groups while female students showed the higher intakes of energy, protein, pyridoxin, phosphorus, iron and zinc among NW + OW group than other groups (p < 0.05). The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diet by BMI groups did not show any significant differences in both male and female students. The result of the multiple regression analyses showed that the body fat and bone status was negatively related while energy intake was positively related with the bone status. These results revealed that bone health status was positively affected by BMI but not by body fat. In conclusion, among those who are at their twenties, the period when the bone density becomes maximized, body fat may negatively affect bone health unlike during other life cycle stages.

Preparation and Characterization of Canned Salmon Frame (연어 frame 통조림의 제조 및 특성)

  • Park, Kwon-Hyun;Yoon, Min-Seok;Kim, Jeong-Gyun;Kim, Hyung-Jun;Shin, Joon-Ho;Lee, Ji-Sun;No, Yoon-I;Heu, Min-Soo;Kim, Jin-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.93-99
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to prepare canned salmon frame and to characterize its food components. In the preparation of high-quality canned foods, the boiling water generated in the pre-heating process should be removed, and then the pre-treated canned salmon frame should be sterilized for an $F_0$ value of 12 min. The proximate composition of the canned salmon frame prepared under optimal conditions (CSFP) was 58.4% moisture, 15.7% protein, 21.4% lipid, and 3.5% ash. Based on the results of volatile basic nitrogen and microbiological tests, the CSFP was acceptable. The sensory score for the color of CSFP was 4.1 points, which was higher than that of commercial canned salmon frame (CCSF). However, there were no significant differences in the sensory scores for flavor and taste between CSFP and CCSF. The total amino acid content of CSFP was 14.58 g/100 g, which was 4.9% lower than that of CCSF. The major amino acids in CSFP were aspartic acid (11.0%), glutamic acid (14.8%), and lysine (10.6%), which accounted for 36.4% of the total amino acid content. The CSFP was high in calcium and phosphorus, while it was low in magnesium and zinc. The major fatty acids in CSFP were 16:0 (15.2%), 18:1n-9 (17.0%), 18:2n-6 (16.7%), 20:5n-3 (9.3%), and 22:6n-3 (8.8%). Based on the results, CSFP is a high-quality canned food in terms of hygiene and nutrition.

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Changseon area, Korea, and Assessment of Potential Risk to Human Health

  • Mok, Jong Soo;Yoo, Hyun Duk;Kim, Poong Ho;Yoon, Ho Dong;Park, Young Cheol;Kim, Ji Hoe;Kwon, Ji Young;Son, Kwang Tae;Lee, Hee Jung;Ha, Kwang Soo;Shim, Kil Bo;Jo, Mi Ra;Lee, Tae Seek
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.313-318
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    • 2014
  • From 2008 to 2013, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were collected from a major area of mussel production (Changseon area), which is a designated shellfish-cultivating area for export, located on the southern coast of Korea. The samples were analyzed for mercury (Hg) using a direct Hg analyzer and for other metals, such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentrations and bioaccumulation of the heavy metals were determined, and a potential risk assessment was conducted to evaluate their hazards towards human consumption. The concentration and bioaccumulation ratio of Cd were the highest of the three hazardous metals (Cd, Pb, and Hg). The concentrations of hazardous metals in all samples were within the limits set by Korea and other countries. The estimated dietary intake (EDI) was compared to the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) adopted by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The EDIs of all heavy metals tested for mussel samples ranged from 0.01 to 4.99% of the PTDI; the highest value was measured for As. The hazard index (HI) can be used to assess the risk of heavy metal consumption associated with contaminated food. The HI for all samples was far less than 1.0, which indicates that the mussels produced in the Changseon area do not represent an appreciable hazard to humans and are fit for consumption.

Comparison of Marine Luminescence Bacteria and Genetically Modified Luminescence E. coli, for Acute Toxicity of Heavy Metals (재조합 발광대장균과 해양 발광 미생물을 이용한 중금속 급성독성평가)

  • Lee, Sang-Min;Bae, Hee-Kyung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.27 no.8
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    • pp.900-906
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    • 2005
  • The responses of two luminescence-based biosensors were studied on various heavy metals in aqueous solutions. One was recombinant E. coli ($DH5{\alpha}$/pSB311), genetically modified luminescence-based bacteria, and the other was Vibrio fisheri used for the LumisTox system. The recombinant E. coli was marked with the lux CDABE gene from multicopy plasmid, pACYC184, originally isolated from Photorhabdus luminescens. The $DH5{\alpha}$/pSB311 had a characteristic of no organic substrate for its luminescence reaction. Among the tested heavy metals Zinc and cadmium were less toxic than copper and mercury. The recombinant E. coli was more sensitive to toxicity of heavy metals than the LumisTox. The order of toxicity of the heavy metals to the recombinant E. coli was $Hg^{2+}>Cu^{2+}>Zn^{2+}>Cd^{2+}$. In case of the LumisTox, the order of the toxicity of heavy metals was $Hg^{2+}>Cu^{2+}>Cd^{2+}>Zn^{2+}$. The genetically modified luminescence-based biosensor offers a range of sensitive, rapid, and easy to use methods for assessing the potential toxicity of heavy metals in aqueous samples.

Revaluation of Strategic Metallic Commodities in the Metallic Mines within Taebaeksan-Hwanggangri Metallogenic Belt (태백산-황강리 광화대 금속광산의 전략금속광종 재평가)

  • Lee, Jae-Ho;Heo, Chul-Ho;Chi, Se-Jung
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.287-297
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    • 2008
  • In order to estimate the preliminary development feasibility according to the commodity, the content of 8 strategic metallic commoditites(Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mo, W, Au, U) in 68 ore specimens obtained from 34 metallic mines within the Taebaegsan-Hwanggangri mineralized zone were analyzed. Analytical results are as follows. The ore specimen of Sangdong mine contained 23% copper(cut-off grade=0.7%) and those of Cheongil and Samhwanghak mines contained average 5% zinc(cut-off grade=2.0%). Especially, the detailed investigation on the above-mentioned mines is required. And, in case of molybdenum(cut-off grade=0.02%) content in Yeonhwa No. 2(0.04%) and Hong-cheon mine(0.02%), and lead(cut-off grade=0.58%) content in Wongasa mine(0.70%), and gold(cut-off grade=10ppm) content in Dongmyoung(279ppm) and Samhwanghak mine(251ppm), it is required to elastically carry out the revaluation on reopening of mines in terms of the international metal price. On the other hand, in case of uranium, iron and tungsten, it is thought that there are no mines with the development potential value in this study.

Effect of Heavy Metal Contents in Soils Near Old Zinc-Mining Sites on the Growth of and their Uptake by Soybean (아연광산 인근 토양중의 중금속 함량이 콩의 생육 및 중금속 흡수에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jong-Pal;Park, No-Kwuan;Park, Seon-Do;Choi, Boo-Sull;Kim, Bok-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.275-281
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    • 1996
  • When soybean was cultivated in the polluted soil with heavy metals, the content of these heavy metals affected. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The growth of soybean was remarkably poor and the content of heavy metals in polluted soil were higher than in unpolluted soil. 2. In leaves of all surveyed crops, the content of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and As was higher in soybean, followed by corn and rice. 3. Except for Pb, the content of heavy metals in the leaves of soybean was higher than in the stem of soybean, and the components of heavy metals in each part of soybean were shown in order of Zn > As > Cd > Cu > Pb. 4. The relationship between the content of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As and the growth of soybean was negatively correlated, respectively. 5. A higher correlation seemed to exist among the content of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As in soil, of Zn, Cu and As in soybean leaves, and of Pb, Cd and As in stems of soybean. The results indicated that heavy metals were absorbed and accumulated by plants grown in the polluted area.

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Iron Intake During Pregnancy on Serum Concentrations of Trace Minerals in Mothers and Neonates (임신기간 중 철 섭취가 모체와 제대 혈청의 미량 무기질 농도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hye-Ra;Lim, Hyeon-Sook
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.242-253
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    • 2008
  • It is a common clinical practice to recommend taking iron supplements for pregnant women during gestation. Although it is required to ensure adequate iron stores during pregnancy, there has been some debate over the interference effects of excessive iron load, because it is possible to compete in the transport in the intestine and placenta and in binding to serum proteins of other trace minerals. In this study, maternal and neonatal serum concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Cr, Mn, and Co were assessed along with maternal Fe intakes. A total of 124 pregnant women and their term neonates participated voluntarily in this research. The women were divided into one of the three groups {high Fe intake (HFI), median Fe intake (MFI), and low Fe intake (LFI)} by their total Fe intakes and one of the two groups (Anemic and Normal) by their Fe nutritional status. All the data were compared among the three groups and between the two groups also. Total Fe intakes of HFI, MFI, and LFI groups were 140.8 ${\pm}$ 76.1, 68.0 ${\pm}$ 11.2, and 30.2 ${\pm}$ 8.6 mg/day, respectively. Those of Anemic and Normal groups were 90.1 ${\pm}$ 74.8 and 86.6 ${\pm}$ 46.8 mg/day, respectively. Maternal Hb concentration and Hct were not significantly different among HFI, MFI, and LFI groups but those were significantly different between Anemic and Normal groups. However, neonatal Hb concentration was not significantly different among HFI, MFI, and LFI groups and between Anemic and Normal groups either. Maternal serum Fe concentrations of the three groups, HFI, MFI, and LFI, were similar but that of Anemic group was significantly lower compared to Normal group. However, there was no significant difference in neonatal serum Fe concentrations among the three groups and between the two groups either. Serum concentrations of the other trace minerals in both mothers and neonates were not significantly different among HFI, MFI, and LFI groups and between Anemic and Normal groups. In addition, in the maternal serum, Fe concentration was positively correlated to Zn and Se concentration, respectively. As for the neonatal serum, Fe concentration showed a positive correlation to Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, and Co concentration, respectively. No trace mineral concentration was found to correlate negatively to Fe concentration in both maternal and neonatal serum, The results in this study indicate that Fe intakes of pregnant women, even if it is considerably above the level of estimated average requirement (EAR), may not affect serum Fe concentration in both mothers and neonates. In addition it might not influence adversely on the availability of other trace minerals including Zn and Cu in both mothers and neonates.

Meal skipping habits and nutritional status among Ghanaian students living in Korea

  • Dzatse, Monica E.;Kim, Eun-kyung;Kim, Hyesook;Kim, Hyejin;Vijayakumar, Aswathy;Chang, Namsoo
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.376-382
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The consistent rise in the number of foreign students in Korea demands an accurate and detailed investigation into their dietary practices and nutritional status. For these international students, assimilation into new cultures can be stressful. The influence this process may have on dietary behaviors as well as overall health cannot be overlooked. Methods: The researchers in this study sought to investigate the nutritional status and dietary practices of Ghanaian students studying in Korea. A total of 81 Ghanaian male students with an average age of $29.4{\pm}4.0years$ were sampled between May and June 2016. Investigations were carried out on the general characteristics of the participants, their daily food and nutrient intakes using a 24-h dietary recall method, meal skipping practices, and the nutritional quality of their diets based on their meal skipping habits. Results: The study revealed that the daily nutrient intake of subjects did not fully meet the daily recommended nutrient intake (RNI) established by Ghanaian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), particularly for energy, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B2 requirements. The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) for calcium was very low, posing a deficiency risk to the participants. Meal skipping practices among participants changed significantly after arriving in Korea. The study also compared the diet quality indicators (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio and Mean Adequacy Ratio) of those who skipped meals ${\geq}7times/week$ with those who skipped meals < 7 times/week. Participants who skipped meals ${\geq}7times/week$ were shown to have lower dietary intakes of vitamins B1 and B2 than those who skipped meals < 7 times/week. Conclusion: Ultimately, the study found that meal skipping among Ghanaian students was common, and their daily nutrient intakes did not meet the set dietary standards. Those who skipped meals ${\geq}7times/week$ had lower dietary intakes of vitamins B1 and B2 than those who skipped meals < 7 times/week. Based on our study findings, we recommend that nutrition education should be organized for the Ghanaian student community in Korea using our results as a template to draw up a nutrition program that is culturally appropriate.

Evaluation and Design of Infiltration and Filtration BMP Facility (침투 여과형 비점오염저감시설의 설계 및 평가)

  • Choi, Ji-Yeon;Maniquiz, Marla Chua;Lee, So-Young;Kang, Chang-Guk;Lee, Jung-Yong;Kang, Hee-Man;Kim, Lee-Hyung
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.475-481
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    • 2010
  • Lots of pollutants typically originating from urban transportation are accumulating on the paved surfaces during dry periods and are washed-off directly to the river during a storm. Also, paved surfaces are contributing to increase in peak flows and volume of stormwater flows. These are the main reasons why the water quality of rivers and lakes remain polluted and still below standards. Currently, several management practices are being applied in developed countries but the design standards are still lacking. This research was conducted to develop a treatment technology that can be useful to address the problems concerning runoff quality and quantity. A lab scale infiltration device consisting of a pretreatment tank and media zone was designed and tested for various flow regimes characterizing the low, average and high intensity rainfall. Based on the experiments, the high intensity flow resulted to increase in outflow event mean concentration (EMC) of pollutants, about twice as much as the average outflow EMC. However, 78 to 88% of the total suspended solids were captured and retained in the pretreatment tank because of sedimentation. The removal of heavy metals such as zinc and lead was greatly affected by the vertical placement of woodchip layer prior to the media zone. It was observed that the high carbon content (almost 50%) in the woodchip provided opportunity for enhancing its uptake of metal by adsorption. The findings implied that the reduction of pollutants can be greatly achieved by means of proper pretreatment to allow for settling of particles with a combination of using high carbon source media like woodchip and a geotextile mat to reduce the flow before filtering into the media zone and finally discharging to the drainage system.

An Application of Solenoid Eddy Current Sensor for Nondestructively Inspecting Deterioration of Overhead Transmission Lines due to Forest Fires (산불에 의한 가공송전선의 열화특성을 비파괴적으로 검출하기 위한 솔레노이드 와류센서의 응용)

  • Kim, Sung-Duck;Kim, Young-Dal;Jeong, Dong-Hwa
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.404-415
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    • 2000
  • This paper describes several performances and nondestructive inspection for deterioration due to forest fires in overhead transmission lines. After discussing corrosion mechanism such as atmospheric and galvanic corrosion for aged ACSR conductors and its detection for them are presented. Through impedance analysis of a solenoid coil, it is shown that the eddy current sensor may be available to inspect severe fault or local corrosion. As the solenoid coil changes its impedance when the test conductor is inserted into the coil, it can be possible to measure deterioration degree caused by forest fires. Tensile strength, extension rate and sensor impedance are tested for some samples degraded by artificial fire. As increasing blazed period to some extent, the strength of aluminum strand begins to be reduced remarkably, while galvanized steel strand holds the similar strength to the initial value, despite of appearing a little loss of zinc layer. In general, it is shown that the sensor impedance would be increased while the tension load of conductor is reduced and the extension rate is contrarily increased. Therefore, the sensor output could exhibit the changes of mechanical performances, and would be used to detect such deterioration caused by forest fire in ACSR conductors built on the ridge of mountains. Finally, it was verified that the solenoid coil could be applicable to obtain any crucial inform for serious deterioration due to forest fires.

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