• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 1985

The effects of cooking methods by boiling, electric oven and microwave on the proximate composition, minerals and water-soluble vitamins of two major Korean potato varieties (Soomi and Namjac) were studied. The dry matter content was increased after the cooking by the methods of electric oven and microwave, however, the crude fiber content was highly decreased by both methods. The crude ash content was not affected by the cooking methods used. The potassium content was increased by electric oven and microwave methods, and iron content was increased by electric oven baking, however, the copper content was significantly decreased by the electric oven and microwave cooking methods. The macrominerals (phosphorus, magnesium, calcium) and microminerals (zinc, manganese, nickel, lead, cadmium) content present initially in potatoes have not been changed by the cooking methods employed in this study. Relative retention value of ascorbic acid was the lowest and the value of thiamin was the highest in the potatoes cooked by microwave. The retention values of riboflavin and folic acid obtained. after boiling were similar to those after microwave cooking, and both of these treatments were superior to the electric oven baking. The retention values of niacin and vitamin $B_6$ varied between 93 and 100% depending on the cooking methods used. Overall, with a few exceptions, the retention values of water-soluble vitamins in boiled and microwave cooked potatoes were superior to those of the electric oven baked.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1986

This study was conducted to research the industrial utilizaion of the maize germs separated in the manufacture of the cornstarch. The maize germs contained crude protein (25.3%) and crude fat (19.2%), with the 512 Kcal/100g of determined food energy values. It was found to have the valuable amounts of essential minerals, such as the content of calcium and phosphorus were low (53.0, 12.3mg%), while those of potassium (495.4mg%), magnesium (95.0mg%), zinc (48.3ppm) and manganese (45.2ppm) were plentiful. It was noted that the iodine value was 44.0, saponification value 292.3, acid value 1.5 and peroxide value about 3.3. The lipid fractions obtained by silicic acid column chromatography were mainly composed of neutral lipid, whereas, the contents of glycolipid and phospholipid were scarcely. The major fatty acids in total lipids were linoleic $(60{\sim}62.5%)$, oleic $(20{\sim}22.5%)$ and palmitic $(10{\sim}13.5%)$ acids. The content of the unsaturated fatty acids was more predominant than that of the saturated fatty acids. The content of the insoluble proteinous nitrogen (32.5%) was the most abundant. whereas, the contents of soluble proteinous nitrogen (12.7%) and peptide proteinous nitrogen (3.3%) were low. The major amino acids of the maized germs were glutamic, glycine, alanine and aspartic. It has been identified by the SDS-disc electrophoresis that the protein of maized germs had $5{\sim}6$ bands. Compared with standard substances, the molecular weight of the main protein was estimated to be $14,500{\sim}24,500$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1314-1319
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• 2007

This study is to compare food components and the sensory properties of common and functional Porphyra yezoensis, Pyroligneous liquor, Salicornia herbacea L. and Salicornia herbacea L. treated with oak charcoal. The samples used in this study were provided by a local manufacturer. We analyzed their proximate composition, mineral content, heavy metal content and amino acids. We conducted the sensory evaluation before and after grilling Porphyra yezoenis. Common components are more plentiful in functional Porphyra yezoenis than in common except for carbohydrate and crude fiber. In the case of mineral content, generally functional Porphyra yezoensis contains much more mineral than common except for magnesium and zinc. Especially Salicornia herbacea L. treated with oak charcoal contains abundant iron. Also, Salicornia herbacea L. contains a lot of calcium potassium, copper and sodium. There is a little more heavy metal except for chromium, cadmium and lead in Salicomia herbacea L. treated with oak charcoal than in common that contains a lot of chromium, cadmium and lead, although a wide difference was not discovered between them. In the case of composed amino acid, there are much glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine and phenylalanine in both Porphyra yezoensis. Especially alanine and phenylalanine are trebled in functional Porphyra yezoensis. Also, there are far more serine and lysine in Salicornia herbacea L. and Salicornia herbacea L. treated with oak charcoal than in common Porphyra yezoensis and Pyroligneous liquor. In the case of the sensory properties, there isn't a big difference before grilling Porphyra yezoensis; however, after grilling, most functional Porphyra yezoenis had good sensory properties results, especially Salicornia herbacea L. were better than Pyroligneous liquor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 1997

The research was carried out to investigate the contamination of stream water by the acid mine drainage originated from the abandoned coal mines and coal waste rock in Keumsan, Chungnam. The pH, sulfate and chemical compositions in the stream water were analyzed. At the polluted sites, the pH of stream water was the strong acid, ranging from 3.46 to 4.29. The pH shows negative correlations with sulfate, manganese, copper, zinc, iron and magnesium concentrations. Sulfate concentrations of the polluted stream water, 236.73-310.53mg/l, had 10 times more than those of the non-polluted stream water. The concentrations of heavy metals, Mn and Fe, in the polluted water were 0.56 - 0.83mg/l and 5.89 - 10.58mg/l, respectively. The Mn concentrations were 20 times higher than those of the non-polluted stream water. Compared with those in the non-polluted stream water, the Mg and Ca concentrations in the polluted stream water were high because of leaching from rock and soil to water by the acidifications. Calculated AMDI(Acid Mine Drainage Index) values are low in the polluted stream water, relative to those of the non-polluted water.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2003

We investigated the effect of both 4 types additives and $0.5wt\%\;Pb_3O_4$ which have been reported to show an improvement on the performance of Zinc anode. And Experimental methods such as corrosion potential measurement, potentiodynamic polorization test and charging-discharging cycle life test were carried out in $40 wt\%$ KOH with $Pb_3O_4(0.5, \;10\;&\;2.0wt\%)$ and 4 types additives $(0.4wt\%\;of\;Ca(OH)_2$, 0.025M of Citrate, Tartrate and Gluconate). Corrosion potential was shifted to high direction and also changed to high and low direction repeatedly with increasing of $Pb_3O_4$ quantity. However by adding $0.5wt\%\;Pb_3O_4$, corrosion potential shifted to low direction and showed stable condition. Furthermore it was well known that corrosion resistance was predominantly increased compared to no addition and improved charging-discharging property with adding additives. By SEM analysis, it was concluded that the morphology of surface in case of only $0.5wt\%\;Pb_3O_4$ addition was nearly the same as that of Tartrate additive and in the other additives such as $Ca(OH)_2$, Citrate, Tartrate and Gluconate, their morphologies showed dendrite growth. Eventually it was thought that the additive of Tartrate indicated comparatively good corrosion resistance effect as well as charging-discharging property improvement among those four types additives.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.33-56
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• 2007

Use of chemicals has greatly increased along with development of human civilization. Concerns about potential effects of chemicals on human health and environment have also grown accordingly. Due to the enormous number of chemicals being used, however, it is neither practical nor feasible to regulate all the chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to identify chemicals that deserve more immediate attention, based on the effects on receptors to be protected. This study was initiated by the need for developing management policies for Shihwa-Banwol Techno Valley and its vicinities of korea, where complaints and concerns on environmental contamination have been raised for long time. This study to identifies major chemicals that deserve most immediate attention in environmental health management in this area. For this purpose, the study employed CHEMS-1(Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), and used chemical data from Toxics Release Inventory(TRI) and environmental contamination data from the environmental pollution monitoring network. Top priority pollutants identified in Shihwa-Banwol Techno Valley area were metals and volatile organic compounds, such as dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, diazinon, tetrachloroethylene, chromium compounds, tin compounds, chloroacetic acid, ethyl acetate, and zinc compounds, in an order of decreasing importance. An evaluation of physicochemical properties of the priority chemicals and the environmental pollution monitoring network database in Shihwa-Banwol Techno Valley suggested that the media that are of potential concern would be the atmosphere and aquatic environment.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2005

Objectives : The use of natural products with therapeutic properties is as ancient as human civilisation and, for a long time, mineral, plant and animal products were the main sources of drugs. Catalposide, the major iridoid glycoside isolated from the stem bark of Catalpa ovata G. Don (Bignoniceae) has been shown to possess anti-microbial and anti-tumoral properties. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress response protein and is known to play a protective role against the oxidative injury. In this study, we examined whether catalposide could protect Neuro 2A cells, a kind of neuronal cell lines, from oxidative damage through the induction of HO-1 protein expression and HO activity. We also examined the effects of catalposide on the productions of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ and nitric oxide (NO) on RAW 264.7 macrophages activated with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. Methods : HO-1 expression in Neuro 2A cells was measured by Western blotting analysis. NO and $TNF--{\alpha}$ produced by RAW 264.7 macrophage were measured by Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results : The treatment of the cells with catalposide resulted in dose- and time-dependent up-regulations of both HO-1 protein expression and HO activity. Catalposide protected the cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. The protective effect of catalposide on hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death was abrogated by zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO inhibitor. Additional experiments revealed the involvement of CO in the cytoprotective effect of catalposide-induced HO-1. In addition, catalposide inhibited the productions of $TNF--{\alpha}$ and NO with significant decreases in mRNA levels of $TNF--{\alpha}$ and inducible NO synthase. Conclusions : Our results indicate that catalposide is a potent inducer of HO-1 and HO-1 induction is responsible for the catalposide-mediated cytoprotection against oxidative damage and that catalposide may have therapeutic potential in the control of inflammatory disorders.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.260-272
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• 2001

All-ceramic restorations have had a more limited life expectancy than metal ceramic restorations because of their low strength. Their relatively lower strength and resistance to fracture have restricted the use of all-ceramic crowns to anterior applications where occlusal loads are lower. But there has been increasing interest in all-ceramic restorations because patients are primarily concerned with improved esthetics. Many efforts have been made to in prove the mechanical properties of dental ceramics. This study was designed to elucidate the influence of the luting agent on the strength of the Empress 2 crown (staining technique) cemented on human teeth. Seventy extracted human permanent molar teeth were chosen. Teeth were prepared for Empress 2 crowns with milling machine on a surveyor. A dental bur was placed in the mandrel that was positioned so that the long axis of the bur was perpendicular to the surveyor base. Dimensions of the Empress 2 crown preparation were $6^{\circ}$ taper on each side, $1.5{\pm}0.1mm$ shoulder margin, and 4mm crown height. The luting cements used in this study were as follow: 1. Uncemented 2. Zinc phosphate cements (Confi-Dental) 3. Conventional glass ionomer cement : Fuji 1 (GC) 4. Resin-modified glass ionomer cements : Fuji plus (GC) 5. Adhesive cements : Panavia F (Kuralay), Variolink II (Vivadent), Choice (Bisco). Fracture test using Instron. The crowns were loaded in compressive force to evaluate the effect of these cements on the breaking strength of these all-ceramic crowns. A steel ball with a diameter of 4mm was placed on the occlusal surface and load was applied to the steel ball by a cylindrical bolt with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm per minute until fracture occurred. The fractured surface was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopic Image (SEM) to discover the correlation between fracture strength and bonding capacity. Within the limitation of this in vitro study design, the results were as follows : 1. fomentations significantly increased the fracture resistance of Empress ceramic crowns compared to control. Uncemented (206.9 N): ZPC (812.9 N): Fuji 1 (879.5 N): Fuji Plus (937.7 N): Choice (1105.4 N): Variolink II (1221.1 N): Panavia F (1445.2 N). 2. Resin luting agent, treated by a silane bond enhancing agents, yielded a significant increase in fracture resistance. In some of the Panavia F group, a fracture extended into dentin. 3. According to SEM images of fractured Empress crowns, the stronger the bond at both interfaces(crown and die), the more fracture strength was acquired.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Over the years, resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) have gone through substantial development and refinement. Several studies examined the biomechanics of tooth preparation and framework design in relation to the success rate of RBFPDs and considered retention and resistance form essential for increase of clinical retention. However, these criteria required preparations to be more invasive, which violates not only the original intentions of the RBFPD, but may also have an adverse effect on retention due to loss of enamel, an important factor in bonding. PURPOSE. The object of this in vitro study was to compare the dislodgement resistance of the new types of RBFPDs, the conventional three-unit fixed partial denture, and conventional design of RBFPD (Maryland bridge). MATERIAL AND METHODS. Fifty resin mandibular left second premolars and second molars were prepared on dentiforms, according to the RBFPD design. After model fabrication (five group, n = 10), prostheses were fabricated and cemented with zinc phosphate cement. After cementation, the specimens were subjected to tensile loading at a cross head speed of 4 mm/min in a universal testing machine. The separation load was recorded and analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test. RESULTS. Group V, the pin-retained RBFPDs, had the highest mean dislodgement resistance, whereas specimens of group II, the conventional RBFPDs, exhibited a significantly lower mean dislodgement resistance compared to the other 4 groups (P <.05). There were no significant differences between group I, III, and IV in terms of dislodgement resistance (P>.05). Group V had the highest mean MPa (N/$mm^2$) (P <.05). There was no significant difference between groups I, II, III and IV (P > .05). CONCLUSION. Within the limits of the design of this in vitro study, it was concluded that: 1. The modified RBFPDs which utilizes the original tooth undercuts and requires no tooth preparation, compared with the conventional design of RBFPDs, has significantly high dislodgement resistance (P < .05). 2. The modified RBFPDs which utilizes the original tooth undercuts and requires minimal tooth preparation, compared with the conventional FPDs, has significantly no difference in retention and dislodgement resistance)(P>.05). 3. The pin-retained FPDs showed a high dislodgement resistance compared to the conventional three-unit FPDs (P<.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 1986

Heavy metal contents and residues level of organochlorine pesticides were analyzed for commercial salted and fermented sea-food which bought from pusan area. Heavy metal contents ranged from 0.11 to 0.46 ppm of mercury, trace to 1.1 ppm of lead, 0.01 to 0.34 ppm of cadmium, 0.4 to 5.98 ppm of cupper, 0.16 to 4.5 ppm of zinc, trace to 0.49 ppm of manganese and trace to 1.35 ppm of arsenic. Residue level of organochlorine pesticides in salted and fermented sea-foods ranged from 0.3 ppb to 1.825 ppb of total BHC Organochlorine pesticides of DDE, dieldrine, pp'-DDD and pp'-DDT were detected a small amount from Ge jeot and Myeol-Chi jeot. In conclusion. the heavy metal and levels of organochlorine pesticides residues were safety to eat the salted and fermented sea foods.