• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.493-504
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• 2017

통계청 인구총조사의 출생아 수 자료는 우리가 쉽게 접할 수 있는 가산 자료이며 국가경쟁력 제고를 위한 정부의 출산정책 결정 및 그 기대효과 분석의 기반이 되는 자료이다. 출생아 수 자료 분석에 있어서 포아송 모형 등 가산 모형이 우월하다는 선행 연구결과에 의하여 가산 모형을 통한 자료 분석방법이 활용되고 있다. 이 때 가산 모형에서 가장 많이 사용하는 포아송 모형은 균등상포라는 제한적인 가정을 토대로 하기 때문에 출생아 수 자료 분석에 이 포아송 모형을 그대로 적용한다면 정보의 손실과 편향추정을 피할 수 없게 된다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 Ghosh 와 Kim (2007)은 영 과잉과 부족으로 인한 과대산포와 과소산포를 동시에 설명할 수 있는 영 변환 모형 (zero-altered model)을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 Ghosh 와 Kim (2007)의 영 변환 모형을 적용하여 실제 출생아수분포에서 영 변환 모형의 산포형태모수 ${\delta}$를 도출하고 그 역할에 대하여 분석한다. 그리고 관측분포에서의 산포형태모수 ${\delta}$와 이론적분포와의 차이를 비교하기 위한 적합도 검정통계량과의 유사성을 확인한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 1993

Ventilatory responses to inhaled $CO_2$ were measured during continuous negative pressure breathing (CNPB) in awake dogs. End expiratory lung volume (EELV) decreased linearly with pressure level during CNPB (correlation coefficient= 0.81, p<0.005) during air breathing. When CNPB was applied during 5% $CO_2$ inhalation, the decrease in EELV was not significantly different (p<0.5) from that during air breathing. As a result of a lowered EELV, tidal volume ($V_T$) significantly decreased by 22% and breathing frequency ($f_B$) increased by 68% in the steady state during air breathing (p<0.0001). These responses were similar during 5% $CO_2$ inhalation, thus the $CO_2$ response curve measured during CNPB shifted upward without a change in sensitivity (p>0.05). These results indicate additive effects of CNPB and $CO_2$ inhalation. The degree of hyperventilation during CNPB at eupnea was estimated to be 63% of that during control ventilation and was significantly greater than zero (p<0.0001), which suggests an alveolar hyperventilation due to CNPB. These results suggest that the mechanical alterations associated with n decrease in lung volume could play an important role in ventilatory control independently of chemical regulation of breathing. Thus, exercise hyperpnea, which is associated with a lowered functional residual capacity (FRC), may in part be explained by this mechanical stimulation of breathing.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.94-103
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• 1996

Background : Blood pressure is an important indicator in diagnosis and assessing treatment of a patient. Clinical staffs use blood pressure on the assumption that measured value is accurate and reliable. However, whether measured blood pressure is accurate has been rarely investigated in Korea. Objectives : The aims of this study are to evaluate clinical staffs' knowledge and technique as well as accuracy of sphygmomanometer. Also the program to improve the measurement is developed. Methods : Seventy-three registered nurses were asked nine multiple choice questions including Korotkoff sound, cuff size, and deflation rate. Simultaneously characteristics of nurses were examined, age, working place, duration of employment and academic degree. A testing videotape(Standardizing Measurement Video-Tutored Course) was used for evaluating the accuracy of measurement. Testees were to read and record the 12 cases of blood pressure measurement, watching a falling mercury column and hearing Korotkoff sounds. After 10 minutes' education, they were again tested with the same cases. Additionally, 83 mercury sphygmomanometers were checked to find defects such as inaccurate calibration and zero setting, leaky bladder, etc. Results: For the knowledge testing correct response rate was 41.1%. They were the lowest in selecting the proper cuff size and Korotkoff sound. In examining accuracy of blood pressure with videotape, nurses had 67.7% correct response rate. The correct response rate was significantly improved by a session of education. About 23% of sphygmomanometers was without discernable defects. Conclusion : The knowledge and skill of clinical staffs along with the accuracy of equipment have to be improved. A properly designed education program would contribute to the accuracy improvement of blood pressure measurement. Also, more concerns should be given to the precision and maintenance of equipment.