• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2017

Objectives: The Yin-Yang temperament and the Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) were reported to have relations with psychopathological problems in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine how domains of Yin-Yang temperament influence on problem behaviors in Korean middle school students. Methods: Subjects of 681 Korean middle school students completed the SPQ for measuring Yin-Yang temperament and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) for measuring problem behaviors. The differences of problem behaviors between Yin and Yang temperament groups were tested with T-test and profile analysis. The associations of the SPQ subscales on problem behaviors was also examined with Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. Results: Yang temperament was related to the externalizing problem while Yin temperament to the internalizing problem. The Emotionality and Behavior dimension of Yin-Yang temperament were found to be a factor of susceptibility and resilience for problem behaviors, respectively. Three dimensions of Yin-Yang temperament have different influences on externalizing and internalizing problems depending on the sex and Yin-Yang temperament groups of subjects. Conclusions: The Yin-Yang temperament would be useful for predicting and preventing the problem behaviors of middle school students. This study would be useful for screening the psychopathological problems and helping Korean adolescents to develop healthy character.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2010

This study examines the additive and interactive effects of temperament and parenting on children's reactive and proactive aggression. The participants were 2844 4th graders(1524 boys, 1320 girls) from the Korea Youth Panel Study(KYPS). The results show sthat : (1) Children's emotion regulation influenced reactive aggression, whereas sensation seeking influenced proactive aggression. Children's anger/frustration influenced both subtypes of aggression. (2) Harsh parenting influenced children's proactive aggression. (3) There are some significant temperament $\times$ temperament and temperament $\times$ parenting interactions.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.13-23
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• 2018

Objectives The Eum-Yang (Yin-Yang in English) temperament was shown to have clinical and structural validity with Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), however the studies of the association with behavior problems and personality structure in adolescents were not satisfactory. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between Eum-Yang temperament and behavior problems in Korean middle school students. Methods 122 first grader of middle school students (68 boys and 54 girls) completed SPQ, Junior version of Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), and Youth Self Report (YSR). The correlations between SPQ, JTCI, and YSR subscales were investigated. And, also the differences between SPQ, JTCI, and YSR subscales among Yang (high 30% of SPQ total score) and Eum (low 30% of SPQ total score) temperament groups classified with SPQ total score were examined. Results The SPQ total score were correlated with Novelty-Seeking (r=.321) and Reward-Dependence (r=.392) in boys, and with Novelty-Seeking (r=.427) and Harm-Avoidance (r=-.444) in girls. The SPQ total score were not significantly correlated with Body Mass Index, Ponderal Index and YSR total, however significantly correlated with YSR Internalizing problems and Withdrawal/depressed subscale (r=-.242 and r=-.419) in boys and Withdrawal/depressed subscale (r=-.449) in girls. There were significant differences between Eum and Yang groups in Novelty-Seeking, Harm-Avoidance and Withdrawal/depressed as for boys and girls. Conclusions The biopsychological structure of SPQ was confirmed with middle school students. The behavioral (SPQ-B) and emotional (SPQ-E) perspectives of Eum-Yang were found to be protective and risk factors, and also correlated with Externalizing and Internalizing behavior problems, respectively. The biopsychological characteristics of Eum-Yang temperament and its relation with psychopathological symptoms in late-childhood should be carefully analyzed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2012

The significances of this study are that it offers the possibility of empirical measure, and analysis of the relevance among the temperament according to the degree of Internet addiction, parental rearing behaviors, and committing school violence and that, based on this, were drawn policy suggestions to prevent school violence according to the degree of Internet addiction. According to the results of this study it was revealed that there are differences in Internet addiction depending on the demographical and sociological characteristics. The result of investigating the impact of Internet addiction's degree on the actions of committing school violence shows that the level of general activities is high in the group of young people of Internet addiction and addiction risk, their low access/withdrawal temperament and mood temperament affect significantly the actions of committing school violence, and in parenting behavior mother's high expectations and low supervision affect youth Internet addiction and school violence. Thus, policy suggestions to prevent school violence according to Internet addiction were presented y dividing the role of government and schools, and homes.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.147-166
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal psychological control and the disparity between children's temperament and mothers' demand level on children's externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. The participants of this study were 221 children aged 4 to 5 and their mothers from three kindergartens located in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do. To measure children's behavior problems, the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales were used. Maternal psychological control was assessed by the Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report. The Revised Dimension of Temperament Survey and DOTS-R: ethnotheory was used, to measure the disparity between children's temperament and mothers' demand level. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, t-test and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, both for boys and girls, the disparity between children's activity temperament and mothers' demand level had a negative effect on externalizing behavior problems. However, maternal psychological control had no significant effect on externalizing behavior problems both for boys and girls. Second, for boys, the high level of maternal psychological control and the disparity between children's adaptive temperament and mothers' demand level had a negative effect on internalizing behavior problems. However, for girls, such effects were not significant.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1117-1145
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• 2013

Research on entrepreneurial giftedness is in its initial stage and the importance is increasing these days. The purpose of this article is to establish a foundation of entrepreneurial giftedness research by conceptualizing the concept and characteristics of entrepreneurial giftedness. The author reviewed prior research on entrepreneur and entrepreneurship, potential entrepreneur, gifted youth in invention, and entrepreneurial gifted youth, and proposed a new perspective on entrepreneurial gifted youth based on the findings from the review. Entrepreneurial giftedness proposed in this study is someone who is risk-taking to achieve opportunities and innovation and who has potential to be competent in managing resources. The author also proposed that entrepreneurial giftedness study needs to focus on developmental characteristics, management ability, and practical intelligence. Finally, based on the findings from previous research on entrepreneurial giftedness, environmental and personality characteristics, temperament and character, cognitive traits, and vocational interest of entrepreneurial giftedness are discussed. Implications and further research directions were discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.83-90
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• 2018

Purpose : This study aims to examine the correlation between SPQ (sasang personality questionnaire) results and the significance level of general mental and physical health among youths. Effects of physical factors on the level of health are also examined. Methods : For the purpose of this study, the SPQ test and body mass and the Ponderal index were measured. The SPQ was followed by a survey on physical changes among 686 young people. The correlation between SPQ and BMI was analysed using Pearson's corelation. Post hoc tests were conducted on SPQ sub factors (SPQ-B, SPQ-C, and SPQ-E) were examined. Results : The findings from the analysis of the high, middle and lower group profiles of adolescent SPQ-B, SPQ-C, and SPQ-E showed that the three groups had significant results. This study demonstrates the correlations among sub factors of the SPQ. No correlation was observed regarding physical characteristics. Conclusion : This study demonstrates the correlations among sub factors of the SPQ. No correlation was observed regarding physical characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Child Care and Education Policy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.55-76
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• 2018

The study aims to investigate nocturnal sleep duration in 4-year-olds and relative effects of various factors including the personal factor (temperament), the familial factor (mother's employment status), the time-use factors (hours spent in childhood educare institutions, on napping in the institutions, and on using electronic media). The data of 937 4-year-olds collected by the Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey in 2012 was analyzed. Using SPSS 21.0 program, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and hierarchical regression were conducted. The results are as follows. First, there were significant negative correlations among the personal factor, familial factor and time-use factors. Finally, the time-use factors showed largest explanatory power on variance of children's nocturnal sleep duration, followed by the familial factor. But the personal factor was not statistically significant. These results suggested that parents and childhood educare institutions need to cooperate in order for children to sleep well. It is also necessary to implement and spread the social systems to support healthy development of children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.99-105
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• 2022

Objectives: Suicide is the leading cause of death among adolescents in South Korea, and depression and personality profiles have been identified as significant risk factors for self-injurious behavior. This study examined the influence of depressive mood and temperament/character on self-injury in adolescents. Methods: A total of 116 adolescents (aged 12-18 years) with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and their parents were enrolled in this study. The participants were divided into three groups based on adolescent's self-injury frequency, and their Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Youth Self-Report (YSR), and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores were compared. Finally, mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between suicidal ideation and self-injury. Results: Of study participants, 75.9% answered that they had suicidal ideation, and 55.2% answered that they had engaged in self-injurious behavior in the last six months. There were significant differences in CDI and suicidal ideation among the groups. After adjusting for age and sex, mediation analysis indicated that depressive mood mediated the relationship between suicidal ideation and self-injury. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating and managing depressive mood severity in adolescents with MDD as these factors partially mediate the transition from suicidal ideation to self-injury.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.106-116
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• 2005

Summary : This study was designed to identify the difference in temperament, parent-adolescent's goodness of fit and behavioral problems between early-adolescent high risk group which can be divided into subgroups (ADHD-I and ADHD-HI/C) and normal group. Method : Subjects of this study were students of a Boy's Middle School and their parents. ADHD high risk group was determined by using three rating scales of ADHD behavioral symptoms : 1. Korean-ADHD Rating Scale, 2. Abbreviated Conners Parents Rating Scale, 3. Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale. Final research was based on the subjects including 25 people in ADHD-I high risk group, 70 ADHD-HI/C high risk group, 70 in normal group. Revised Dimensions of Temperament (DOTS-R) was used for students to assess their temperament, while DOTS-R : Ethnology for parents to access environmental demands. Goodness of fit between parent and adolescent was figured out by results of the two scales. Korean Youth Self Report (K-YSR) was used to examine behavioral problems. Results : When it comes to temperament of adolescents, ADHD-HI/C high risk group was found to be associated with higher scores on general activity level. In contextual parent demand to adolescent, ADHD-HI/C parents showed higher level of demands in general activity than other groups, and lower expectation of positive mood than ADHD-I parents. In parent-adolescent's goodness/poorness of fit, the research found out that ADHD-I and ADHD-HI/C had lower level of fit on pesitive/negative mood than normal group and indicated that ADHD behavioral symptoms connected with poorness of fit in emotional relationship between adolescents and their parents. In behavioral problems, ADHD-HI/C high risk group had severe externalizing and internalizing problems distinctly. It had more severe in externalizing problems than ADHD-I, while there were no differences in internalizing problems between the two subgroups. Conclusion The two ADHD subgroups in high risk adolescents had differences on temperamental activity level and on goodness of fit about positive mood. In addition, they had different patterns in externalizing/internalizing problems.