• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of herbal complex HPL-01 on dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) induced ulcerative colitis in rat. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized and divided into six groups. Five groups, excluding the normal group, were orally administered orally HPL-01(50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) for 21 days, and acute colitis was induced during the last 7 days by 4% DSS in the drinking water. The HPL-01 administered DSS-treated rats exhibited significantly reduced colon macroscopic damage index and increased body weight and colonic length 7 days after DSS treatment. Additionally, these rats showed lower serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 than those treated only with DSS. HPL-01(100 or 200 mg/kg) also attenuated the DSS-induced increase in the number of white blood cells, granulocytes, and mid cells and improved intestinal damage. Taken together, these results suggest that HPL-01 is a promising anti-inflammatory agent that may be in the treatment of colitis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 고기능성 쌀인 큰눈자미 배아의 phytosterols 함량 및 in vitro 항산화 활성을 평가하고, 성숙기 흰쥐에게 보충 급여한 당질 대사, 항산화 활성 및 일부 cytokines 개선 효과 여부를 검증하였다. Phytosterols 분석에서 NG보다 KG의 campesterol과 stigmasterol의 함량이 유의하게 높았다. NG에 비해 KG가 DPPH radical 소거 활성, 환원력 및 ABTS radical 소거능 측정에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 실험동물은 각 10마리씩 3군으로 나누어 일반 식이를 급여하는 NC군, 일반현미배아 3%를 첨가하는 NG3군, 큰눈자미배아 3%를 첨가하는 KG3군으로 나누어 사육하였다. 그 결과 KG3군에서 체중증가량, 신장주위 및 총 지방량이 유의하게 감소하였다. 당질 대사에서 실험군들 간에 glucose, 인슐린, C-peptide 및 HOMA-IR의 수준이 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. KG3군에서 혈중 TNF-α 수준이 NG3에 비해 유의적으로 감소하고, SOD 활성이 유의하게 증가하였으며, leptin, AOPP 및 IL-6 수준이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 큰눈자미 배아는 높은 함량의 phytosterols과, 우수한 in vitro 항산화활성, 그리고 in vivo 실험에서 일부의 cytokine 개선 및 항산화에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 제시하였고 향후 더 많은 생리활성물질 분석, 대사 지표 개선, 작용 기전 규명 등 세부적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2010

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the primary endocrine system to respond to stress. The HPA axis may be affected by increased level of corticotrophin-releasing factors under chronic stress and by chronic administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chronic MSG administration aggravates chronic variable stress (CVS)-induced behavioral and hormonal changes. Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200~220 g, were divided into 4 groups as follows: water administration (CON), MSG (3 g/kg) administration (MSG), CVS, and CVS with MSG (3 g/kg) administration (CVS＋MSG). In addition, for the purpose of comparing the effect on plasma corticosterone levels between chronic stress and daily care or acute stress, 2 groups were added at the end of the experiment; the 2 new groups were as follows: naive mice (n=7) and mice exposed to restraint stress for 2 h just before decapitation (A-Str, n=7). In an open field test performed after the experiment, the CVS＋MSG group significant decrease in activity. The increase in relative adrenal weights in the CVS and CVS＋MSG group was significantly greater than those in the CON and/or MSG groups. In spite of the increase in the relative adrenal weight, there was a significant decrease in the plasma corticosterone levels in the CVS＋MSG group as compared to all other groups, except the naive group. These results suggest that impaired HPA axis function as well as the decrease in the behavioral activity in adult rats can be induced by chronic MSG administration under CVS rather than CVS alone.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1350-1356
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• 2005

대두 이소플라본의 보충이 어린 쥐와 성숙기 쥐의 골대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 각각 5주령, 25주령 암컷 쥐를 대상으로 난소를 절제하지 않은 군(SH), 난소를 절제한 군(OVX), 난소를 절제하고 이소플라본 80 mg/kg b.w.을 보충시킨 군(OVX+ISO)으로 각각 분류하고 9주 동안 실험식이를 제공한 후 골대사에 미치는 일반지표 및 생화학적지표를 비교 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 어린 쥐의 체중 증가량은 난소를 절제하지 않은 군($142.6\pm23.86$)에 비해 난소 절제군($174.8\pm15.36$)에서 유의성(P<0.05) 있게 증가되었고, 난소절제군에 비해 이소플라본 보충군($159.6\pm9.93$)은 다소 감소되었다. 어린 쥐에서 혈청 osteocalcin 농도는 난소를 절제하지 않은 군($24.44\pm4.6$)에 비해 난소절제군($33.27\pm6.7$)에서 유의성 (p<0.05)있게 증가되었고, 난소절제군에 비 해 이소플라본 보충군($25.45\pm5.6$)은 유의성 (p<0.05)있게 감소되었다. 어린 쥐에서 뇨중 crosslinks value농도는 난소를 절제하지 않은 군($154.78\pm14.89$)에 비해 난소절제군 ($203.43\pm20.60$)에서 유의성 (p<0.05)있게 증가되었고, 난소절제군에 비해 이소플라본 보충군($169.43\pm20.69$)은 유의성(p<0.05)있게 감소하여, 난소를 절제하지 않은 군과 유사한 수준으로 나타났다. 어린 쥐에서 혈청 인의 농도는 난소를 절제하지 않은 군($5.46\pm0.98$)에 비해 난소절제군($5.73\pm0.44$), 이소플라본 보충군($6.87\pm1.17$)에서 유의성(p<0.05)있게 증가되었고, 혈중 칼슘농도와 뇨중 칼슘, 인의 배설량은 각 군간 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 성숙기 쥐는 혈중 칼슘과 인의 농도, 뇨중 칼슘과 인의 배설량에서 각 군 간 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 어린 쥐와 성숙기 쥐에서 대퇴골 골밀도는 난소절제, 이소플라본 보충 유무에 따른 각군간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 성숙기 쥐는 난소를 절제하지 않은 군($0.2010\pm0.0013$)에 비해 난소절제군($0.1853\pm0.0012$)은 감소되었고, 난소절제군에 비해 이소플라본 보충군($0.1980\pm0.0014$)은 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 어린 쥐에서 난소절제에 의한 에스트로겐 결핍은 골대사에 영향을 주었고, 대두 이소플라본 보충은 골대사 지표인 혈중 osteocalcin과 뇨중 crosslink value 함량을 유의적으로 감소시켜 골흡수를 억제하는 것으로 나타냈다. 따라서 이소플라본 섭취가 어린 쥐의 골대사에 긍정적인 효과는 확인할 수 있었으나, 성숙기 쥐의 골대사지표에는 직접적인 영향을 나타내지 않았다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2010

A recent report demonstrated that in human aging brain after menopause/andropause luteinizing hormone (LH) is localized in the cytoplasm of pyramidal neurons of hippocampus and a significant increase of LH is also detected in the cytoplasm of pyramidal neurons and neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease brain compared to age-matched control brain. It was suggested that the decreased steroid hormone production and the resulting LH expression in the neurons vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease pathology may have some relevance to the development of Alzheimer's disease. It is, however, unclear whether the presence of LH in neurons of human aging and Alzheimer's disease brain is due to intracellular LH expression or to LH uptake from extracellular sources, since gonadotropins are known to cross the blood brain barrier. Moreover, there is no report by using the brain of experimental animal that LH is expressed in such neurons as found in the human brain. In the present study, we found that LH immunoreactivity is localized in the pyramidal neurons of cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 12 and 18 months old rats but can not detect any immunoreactivity for LH in the young adult (3-5 months old) rats. To confirm that these LH immunoreactivity results from de novo synthesis in the brain but not the uptake from extracellular space, we performed RT-PCR and found that mRNA for LH is detected in several regions of brain including cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These findings suggest us that LH expression in old rat brain may play an important role in aging process of rat brain.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers in rat squamosomandibular joint with postnatal development. Squamosomandibular joint with adjacent tissue of 8 groups of rats(1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35-postnatal day and adult groups) were removed on bloc and processed for immunohistochemistry and were subjected to light microscopic examination. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The anterior portion of the articular disk was most densely innervated, followed by the posterior, lateral, and medial portions in each group. 2. Increase of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers was evident in 10, 15, 20 postnatal day groups. 3. Almost no CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in articular surface of disk proper, mandibular fossa and condyle head of each group. These result suggest that CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers increased in synovial membrane and peripheral portion of articular disk during 10-20 postnatal day may play a important role in squamosomandibular joint function after weaning period.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.73-91
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• 2001

The present study was performed to compare effects of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDBA) with deproteinized bovine bone mineral(DBBM) on periodontal fenestration defect in rats. Twelve adult male rats weighing 500 to 540 grams were used in this study. Periodontal fenestration defects were surgically created with tapered fissure bur(${\Phi}1mm$) at the left side of buccal surface of the mandible. The defect size was from anterior border of the first molar to anterior of the ascending ramus mesiodistally and from just below the alveolar crest to apically 1.5-2mm area apicocoronally with 2mm in depth. Rats were divided into control group, test group I and II. Four defects were assigned to the test group I grafted with DBBM and other 4 defects were assigned to the test group II grafted with DFDBA. The rest of defects were the negative control group. At 10 days and 35 days after surgery, 12 rats were sacrificed through intracardiac perfusion and specimens were obtained prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the control group, new bone, osteoid, dense connective tissue were observed in the defects at 10 days. new bone formation was not found but loose connective tissue was formed in the defect and fibrous encapsulation of graft materials was shown in two test groups at 10 days. 2. In all groups, new bone formation was shown in the defect at 35 days. And in the control group, bone formation increased at 35 days than at 10 days. 3. In the test group I and II at 35 days, graft materials were combined with new bone and joined host bone. There was very close contact between new bone, graft materials, and host bone with no gaps. 4. In the test group I and II, new bone formation was similar to that in the control group but not exeeded. In conclusion, in the test group I new bone formation was similar to that in the test group II at 35 days, but there was infiltration of inflammatory cells at 10 days. DFDBA and DBBM were considered as the biocompatible graft materials and effective in the regeneration of new bone.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2010

tert-Butyl acetate (TBAc) is an organic solvent, which is commonly used in architectural coatings and industrial solvents. It has recently been exempted from the definition of a volatile organic compound (VOC) by the Air Resources Board (ARB). Since the use of TBAc as a substitute for other VOCs has increased, thus its potential risk in humans has also increased. However, its inhalation toxicity data in the literature are very limited. Hence, inhalation exposure to TBAc was carried out to investigate its toxic effects in this study. Adult male rats were exposed to TBAc for 4 h for 1 day by using a nose-only inhalation exposure chamber (low dose, $2370\;mg/m^3$ (500 ppm); high dose, $9482\;mg/m^3$ (2000 ppm)). Shamtreated control rats were exposed to clean air in the inhalation chamber for the same period. The animals were killed at 2, 7, and 15 days after exposure. At each time point, body weight measurement, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis, histopathological examination, and biochemical assay were performed. No treatment-related abnormal effects were observed in any group according to time course. Based on those findings, the median lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) of TBAc was over $9482\;mg/m^3$ in this study. According to the MSDS, the 4 h $LC_{50}$ for TBAc for rats is over $2230\;mg/m^3$. We suggested that this value is changed and these findings may be applied in the risk assessment of TBAc which could be beneficial in a sub-acute study.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2007

Stem cells have been the subject of increasing scientific interest because of their utility in numerous biomedical applications. Stem cells are capable of renewing themselves; that is, they can be continuously cultured in an undifferentiated state, giving rise to more specialized cells of the human body. Therefore, stem cells are an important new tools for developing unique, in vitro model systems to test drugs and chemicals and a potential to predict or anticipate toxicity in humans. In the present study, in vitro cultured F3 immortalized human neural stem cell line and in vivo adult Sprague Dawley rats was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of anticancer drug paclitaxel. In vitro apoptotic activity of paclitaxel was evaluated in F3 cell line by a MTT assay and DAPI test. The cell death was induced with the treatment of 20 nM paclitaxel and chromatin degradation was detected by DAPI staining, which was analyzed by fluorescent microscope. In vivo studies, we also observed nestin immunoreactivity on subventricular zone, which is stem cell rich region in the adult brain of the SD rat. Immunofluorescent staining result shows that pixel intensities of nestin were decreased in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that paclitaxel is able to induce cytotoxic activity both in F3 neural stem cell line and neural stem cell in SD rat brain.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2013

Objective : Transient anterograde amnesia is occasionally observed in a number of conditions, including migraine, focal ischemia, venous flow abnormalities, and after general anesthesia. The inhalation anesthetic, isoflurane, is known to induce transient anterograde amnesia. We examined the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the underlying mechanisms of the isoflurane-induced transient anterograde amnesia. Methods : Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups : the control group, the 10 minutes after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia group, and the 2 hours after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia group (n=8 in each group). The rats in the isoflurane-exposed groups were anesthetized with 1.2% isoflurane in 75% nitrous oxide and 25% oxygen for 2 hours in a Plexiglas anesthetizing chamber. Short-term memory was determined using the step-down avoidance task. BDNF and TrkB expressions in the hippocampus were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. Results : Latency in the step-down avoidance task was decreased 10 minutes after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia, whereas it recovered to the control level 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia. The expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased immediately after isoflurane anesthesia but were increased 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia. Conclusion : In this study, isoflurane anesthesia induced transient anterograde amnesia, and the expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus might be involved in the underlying mechanisms of this transient anterograde amnesia.