• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.184-189
• /
• 1985

Transmission of mulberry dwarf mycoplasma (MDM) from diseased mulberry to 5 herbaceous plants (periwinkle, white clover, Ladino clover, red clover, and Chinese milk vetch) through insect vector, Hishimonus sellatus, was confirmed by symptom expression and microscopic evidences. The earliest symptom appearance was noticed on periwinkle in which incubation period was 25-30 days, while it ranged 35-40 days in the other plant species. The common symptoms of MDM infected plants were characterized by poor plant growth with accompanying discolorations of leaves (chlorosis with vein clearing in periwinkle, reddish in red clover, brownish in white and Ladino clovers, and yellowish in Chinese milk vetch). Mycoplasmal infections were diagnosed light microscopically by Dienes' and toluidine blue staining of hand-cut and Epon-embedded sections, respectively. In Dienes' stain, all the plants infected with MDM showed specific staining reaction in phloems. In toluidine blue stain, mycoplasmal existence was noted by granular appearance in sieve tubes which were confirmed to be mycoplasma-like organisms under an electron microscope.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.22-33
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the lining papers which had been separated from six pieces of paintings and calligraphic works of the 18th and the 20th century. A total 20 kinds of lining papers were examined on the physical properties, colors, fiber morphology, and color reactions. The grammage and thickness of lining papers which had been used hanging-scroll type works were higher than those of folder types. On the other hand, the grammage and thickness of the first layer lining papers which had been separated from silk ground works were lower than those of paper ground works. All kinds of lining papers were colored from yellow to yellowish red because of unbleaching and deterioration. Through the examination on fiber morphology and color reactions, lining papers were verified that all of those were made from paper mulberry bast fiber but the first layer of the Mukjukdo. The lining paper which of the first layer of the Mukjukdo was verified that it was made from mixture of paper mulberry, hemp, and spruce pulps.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.1-29
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to elucidate the pathogenesis of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) by histopathologic examination. The first Korean ADV Isolate, which was isolated from piglets with clinical signs of Aujeszky's disease in Yangsan(YS) county, Kyungnam province, was inoculated into 32 days old piglets with a dose of $10^{5.9}$$TCID_{50}/ml$ through intranasal or intramuscular route. These piglets were sacrificed at intervals of every 24hrs for 8 days. The virulence of YS strain was determined by the observation of clinical signs, gross findings, and histopathologic changes in tissues. The virus recovery test was performed from brain, spleen, lung and tonsil in cell culture. The pathogenesis of YS strain was determined by the observation of histopathologlc lesions in CNS and neuronal tracts. The major clinical signs were fever, anorexia, dyspnea, constipation, tremor, ataxia, circling movement, hindleg paralysis and salivation. The clinical signs were more severe in piglets of the group inoculated intranasally than those of the intramuscularly inoculated gorup. Lymphocytopenia was detected on day 5 to day 6 postinoculation (PI). The ADV was recovered from the tissue homogenates of tonsil, lung, spleen and cerebrum in cell culture. The highest virus titer was detected from tonsil between day 6 and day 7 PI. Reddish sublobar consolidation foci were scattered in the apical and cardiac lobes of lung. Although yellowish necrotic foci were detected in tonsil and liver, hemorrhagic lesions were mainly observed in heart, kidney and lymph nodes. Histopathologically, degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells, nonsuppurative meningoe-ncephalitis, nodular gliosis and perivascular cuffings were observed in CNS. Multifocal fibronecrotic foci were observed in lung, liver, lymph nodes and spleen. The major pathologic changes were detected in the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were mainly observed in epithelia and /or macrophages of tonsil, liver, lung, spleen and submandibular lymph nodes, and neurons of brain, respectively. Observation of viral particles at various stages of replication were possible from the endothelial cells of the alveolar capillaries and tonsillar crypt epithelia by transmission electron microscope.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 1996

This experiment was carried out to elucidate the sugar composition of polysaccharides and the structural features of water-soluble polysaccharides(WSP) isolated from Korean oak mistletoe, Loranthus yadoriki Sieb. The 48-hours ball-milled meals of extractive-free dried mistletoe sawdusts were extracted with distilled water for $24hrs{\times}2$ at room temperature. The extracts poured into 95% ethyl alcohol to precipitate. The separated precipitate of WSP, in form of yellowish white powder by lyophilization, was fractionated into four subfractions of WSP-1, WSP-2, WSP-3 and WSP-4 by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose column. The sugar composition of WSPs was analyzed by GLC in form of their glycitol acetates, and the structure of polysaccharides in Fractions WSP-1 and WSP-2 was determined by FT-IR and GC-MS after methylation through and acetylation. The sugars of WSPs from Korean oak mistletoe, Loranthus yadoriki, are majorly arabinose and galactose in stem, galactose in leaves very high in content and showed difference in composition and monomeric units between stems and leaves. D-galactose, D-glucose and L-arabinose are the simple sugars consisting of polysaccharides in WSP-1. ($1{\rightarrow}3$)-Linked galactan is the bakcbone with side chain of ($1{\rightarrow}5$)- -L-arabinofuranosyl residues and ($1{\rightarrow}6$)- -D-galactopyranosyl residues, and ($1{\rightarrow}4$)-linked glucan also presents. ($1{\rightarrow}4$)-Linked rhamnogalacturonan and ($1{\rightarrow}4$)- and ($1{\rightarrow}3$)-linked galactan present in WSP-2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic materials to complement the 'time series table serving' by analyzing external color elements. We selected traditional Korean restaurants in two five-star hotels and two famous traditional Korean style restaurants and analyzed their colors and the coloration of the Korean table settings. The results are as follows. By using strong luminosity contrast, restaurant A made its customer focus on the food and used red as the principal point (highlighted) color. Desserts, which have small dimensions, were served in 'Buncheong' ware with 'bakji' method, which has strong contrast; this broke the color balance. The use of small patterned dishes with 'johwa' method would achieve color harmony. Restaurant B used a stronger color for the tables than the foods, making the point color inconspicuous. Lowering the brightness and saturation of the table color would be beneficial. In restaurant C, thick green napkins provided the point color, making the atmosphere of the restaurant dull and dark and interfering with the overall bright atmosphere of the restaurant. Using lower saturation, high luminosity, and yellowish colors would bring harmony to the overall atmosphere. In restaurant D, the point colors were divided into three groups; their diversification during the entire course of the meal made the flow of the meal more natural. However, the use of the violet color, which gives a cold feeling, in the middle of the meal courses broke the overall flow of warm color in the meal. Considering the already-present contrast between red and green, it would be better not to use the violet chrysanthemum in the course of the meal. As mentioned above, there are several issues in terms of the color arrangement, the usage of table pads, and the natural flow of colors. Those issues indicate the necessity for an overall plan for the banquet table set-up in terms of color.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2012

Many metacercariae in the musculature of southern top mouthed minnow (Pseudorasbora parva) cultured at a farm in Chonbuk Province. The excysted metacercariae looked yellowish white and were $4.02{\pm}1.80$ mm (1.66-5.81) in length and $1.27{\pm}0.27$ mm (1.01-1.64) in width for acetocarmin-stained specimens. The oral sucker measuring $0.18{\pm}0.05$ mm (0.11-0.24) in length and $0.23{\pm}0.07$ mm (0.15-0.33) in width, was located at the anterior end of the body. The ventral sucker situated at the fourth third of the body were measured $0.47{\pm}0.08$ mm (0.35-0.53) in length and $0.55{\pm}0.09$ mm (0.43-0.63) in width. The tongue-shaped metacercariae were identified as Clinostomum complanatum on the basis of morphological characteristics. The metacercaria was also confirmed to be C. complanatum using PCR reaction with C. complanatum-specific primer sets, Trem 18S F and Ccom670 R. No histopathological changes in the infected fish were observed except necrosis and exfoliation of epidermis in the skin and atrophy of muscle fibers.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.11 no.1_2
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 1967

A yellowish microneedles, $C_{28}$ H$_{32}$ $O_{14}$ ${\cdot}$ I$_{1}$/$_2$, H$_{2}$O, m.p.262-$4^{\circ}$ , [${\alpha}$$_{D}^{20}$= -71,$43^{\circ}$(C = 0.42, pyridine), its acetate m.p.123-5.deg., were obtained in 0.3% yield from the leaves of Chrysanthemum sibiricum F$_{ISCHER}$. This substance is insoluble in water and the usual organic solvents except pyridine and ethylene glycol and, is not decomposed by dilute mineral acids but undergoes decomposition on being boiled in 60% H$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ or 35% HCl, giving one moel each of acacetin, glucose and rhamnose. It was not hydrolysed with a rhamnodiastase preparation obtained from the seeds of Rhamnus koraiensis. After permethylation of it, the uncrystallized product was hydrolysed and apigenin-5,4'-dimethyl ehter, m.p.$262^{\circ}$ was obtained, indicating that the disaccharide residue is at the 7 position of acacetin. Partial hydrolysis of this acacetin-7-rhamnoglucoside in cyclohexanol with formic acid gave acacetin-7-glucoside, m.p.246.deg. and rutinose, identifying them with authentic specimen on a paper chromatography. It was thus identified as linarin(acacetin-7-rutinoside) by means of mixed fusion, of paper partition chromatography and of its derivatives. Zemplen and Bognar suggested that the glucosidic linkage of linarin is .betha. by means of synthesis of this substance. But there is no evidence whether it is hydrolysed by emulsin or maltase or not. Linarin itself was not hydrolysed by an emulsin existing in the seed of Apricot or a maltase, but acacetin-7-glucoside(tilianin) which obtained from linarin gave acacetin and glucose on hydrolysis with the same emulsin and accordingly the glucosidic linkages of linarin and tilianin are thus regarded as ${\beta}$.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.112-115
• /
• 2001

Blossom blight of petunia caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum was found in greenhouses around Jinju area, Gyeongnam province, Korea in April 2001. The disease started with water-soaked lesions on the flower which rapidly withered and was rotten. Calyces developed water-soaked, dark-green lesions, and then were rotten. Whitish mycelia and monosporous sporangiola were produced on the lesions. The fungus isolated from the lesions produced white to pale yellowish brown mycelia with scattered monosporous sporangiola on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Size of sporangium was 37.2~135.8 um. Monosporous sporangiola were elliptic, fusiform or ovoid, and brown in color and their size was 10.4~22.4$\times$7.4~12.9 um. Sporangiospores were elliptic, fusiform or ovoid in shape, dark brown or brown in color and were 13.7~23.5$\times$8.7~13.8 um in size, and had appendaged appressorium of 3 or more. Zygospores were black, and 40.8~61.5 um in size. The fungus grew on PDA at 15-4$0^{\circ}C$, and optimum temperature was 3$0^{\circ}C$. This is the first report on the blossom blight of petunia caused by C. cucurbitarum in Korea.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.79-83
• /
• 2002

The wild silkmoth, Actias gnoma was firstly collected at Suwon located in the middle part of Korea. The developmental and morphological characteristics of A. gnoma reared under the laboratory conditions were analysed. The egg shape was shorter elliptic. The major and minor diameter of the eggs were 2.04 mm and 1.83 mm, respectively. White mucous material was remained inside the eggs after hatching. Also, the body color of the larvae was completely changed from dark brown to light yellowish-green at the 3rd instar, but it did not occur until pupation. In the feeding test on several plants, the oak tree, Quercus acutissima, was newly identified as a host plant. The final larval instar was mostly 6th, but in some larvae it was 7th. A few of larvae ate their own casts just after ecdysis. The whole larval duration ranged from 45 to 59 days. The single cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell percentage were 1.65 g,31.3 cg and 18.9%, respectively, The cocoon shape and color were spindle and light brown, respectively. The morphology of the silk gland was greatly different from those of Bombyx mori, Antheraea yamamai and Antheraea peryi: the thickness of the middle and posterior silk glands was almost identical.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.213-216
• /
• 1989

Seven cases of Diphyllcbothrium latum infection were proved by collection of worms after prasiquantel treatment between October, 1986 and July, 1987. The patients were all males aged 20~44 years residing in Seoul or Ulungdo, Kyungpook Province. All of them had the history of eating several kinds of raw marine fishes, and they had never been to abroad. One of them exporienced abdominal pain and 6 experienced natural discharge of a chain of worm segments, but none revealed any sign of anemia, Total 12 worms (1~3/patient) were collected after praiiquantel treatment. The worms were 85~423 cm in length, and revealed the characteristic rosette-shape uterus in their gravid proglottides. The average egg size varied $61.0~65.3{\times}41.7~46.1{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$. The eggs were yellowish. brown, and ovoid to elliptical. Including the present 7 cases, the total number of human D. latum infections proven by worms in Korea becomes 28 cases.