• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.109-130
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• 2009

This study examines the rotor characteristics of Guybang culture (women's living in Joseon) relics which the life images and mental world of women in Joseon if expressed to prepare rotor data to be utilized in modern design and information for color identity establishment of Korean women culture. The result of this study is as following: 1. From 176 pieces of relic photos, total of 1380 color chips were extracted. For color analysis, 1368 units (99.1%) of color data excluding achromatic 12 units (0.9%) among 1380 units of colors were used. With the standard of 10 color wheel of Munsell Color System, the result of studying distributions according to frequency, red was the highest by 25.9%, yellow was 21.4% in women's goods in Joseon period which the ratio of red and yellow was 473%. Other than that, GY 14.6%, YR 11.3% and RP 11.1% followed next which is studied that the warm colors that conveys enjoyable and glamorous feelings composed 84.3%; 2. As a result of tone analysis, high value low chroma ltg color showed highest distribution of 20% and d was 12.2%, b was 11.7% and sf was 8.8%. Generally, it showed high frequency in high value cocors such as ltg, sf and b of 40.5%t and in low chroma (ltg) and medium chroma (d, sf) of 41% and colors in bright and calm image was used the most. 3. As a result of analyzing relationship between hue & tone, the ltg tone of Y close to white in traditional color sensibility showed the highest frequency of 9.6% and ltg tone of GY(6.4%), b tone of RP(6.1%), and v(5.4%), b(5.4%), dp(5.3%) of R followed next. 4. As a result of analyzing the characteristics of coloring, it showed that in case of coloring contrasting hues, it is adjusted similar tones and in case of coloring less contrasting hue, the difference in tone is adjusted to be rather large to make harmonized coloring. Moreover, in case of coloring similar hues, the ratio of using same tone and similar tone was large which the coloring of calm image and dynamic image is all used.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 1979

According to Soil Taxonomy which has been developed over the past 20 years in the soil conservation service of the U. S. D. A, Soils in Korea are classified. This system is well suited for the classification of the most of soils. But paddy field soils have some difficulties in classification because Soil Taxonomy states no proposals have yet been developed for classifying artificially irrigated soils. This paper discusses some problems in the application of Taxonomy and suggestes the classification of paddy field soils in Korea. Following is the summary of the paper. 1. Anthro aquic, Aquic Udipsamments : The top soils of these soils are saturated with irrigated water at some time of year and have mottles of low chroma(2 or less) more than 50cm of the soil surface. (Ex. Sadu, Geumcheon series) 2. Anthroaquic Udipsamments : These sails are like Anthroaquic, Aquic Udipsamments except for the mottles of low chroma within 50cm of the soil surface. (Ex. Baegsu series) 3. Halic Psammaquents : These soils contain enough salts as distributed in the profile that they interfere with the growth of most crop plants and located on the coastal dunes. The water table fluctuates with the tides. (Ex. Nagcheon series) 4. Anthroaquic, Aquic Udifluvents : They have some mottles that have chroma of 2 or less in more than 50cm of the surface. The upper horizon is saturated with irrigated water at sometime. (Ex. Maryeong series) 5. Anthro aquic Udifluvents : These soils are saturated with irrigated water at some time of year and have mottles of low chroma(2 or less) within 50cm of the surface soils. (Ex. Haenggog series) 6. Fluventic Haplaquepts : These soils have a content of organic carbon that decreases irregularly with depth and do not have an argillic horizon in any part of the pedon. Since ground water occur on the surface or near the surface, they are dominantly gray soils in a thick mineral regolith. (Ex Baeggu, Hagseong series) 7. Fluventic Thapto-Histic Haplaquepts : These soils have a buried organic matter layer and the upper boundary is within 1m of the surface. Other properties are same as Fluventic Haplaquepts. (Ex. Gongdeog, Seotan series) 8. Fluventic Aeric Haplaquepts : These soils have a horizon that has chroma too high for Fluventic Haplaquepts. The higher chroma is thought to indicate either a shorter period of saturation of the whole soils with water or some what deeper ground water than in the Fluventic Haplaquepts. The correlation of color with soil drainage classes is imperfect. (Ex. Mangyeong, Jeonbug series) 9. Fluventic Thapto-Histic Aeric Haplaquepts : These soils are similar to Fluventic Thapto Histic Haplaquepts except for the deeper ground water. (Ex. Bongnam series) 10. Fluventic Aeric Sulfic Haplaquepts : These soils are similar to Fluventic Aeric Haplaquepts except for the yellow mottles and low pH (<4.0) in some part between 50 and 150cm of the surface. (Ex. Deunggu series) 11. Fluventic Sulfaquepts : These soils are extremely acid and toxic to most plant. Their horizons are mostly dark gray and have yellow mottles of iron sulfate with in 50cm of the soil surface. They occur mainly in coastal marshes near the mouth of rivers. (Ex. Bongrim, Haecheog series) 12. Fluventic Aeric Sulfaquepts : They have a horizon that has chroma too high for Fluventic Sulfaquepts. Other properties are same as Fluventic Sulfaquepts. (Ex. Gimhae series) 13. Anthroaquic Fluvaquentic Eutrochrepts : These soils have mottles of low chroma in more than 50cm of the surface due to irrigated water. The base saturation is 60 percent or more in some subhroizon that is between depth of 25 and 75cm below the surface. (Ex. Jangyu, Chilgog series) 14. Anthroaquic Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts : These soils are similar to Anthroaquic Fluvaquentic Eutrochrepts except for the low chroma within 50cm of the surface. (Ex. Weolgog, Gyeongsan series) 15. Anthroaquic Fluventic Dystrochrepts : These soils have mottles that have chroma of 2 or less within 50cm of the soil surface due to artificial irrigation. They have lower base saturation (<60 percert) in all subhorizons between depths of 25 and 75cm below the soil surface. (Ex. Gocheon, Bigog series) 16. Anthro aquic Eutrandepts : These soils are similar to Anthroaquic Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts except for lower bulk density in the horizon. (Ex. Daejeong series) 17. Anthroaquic Hapludalfs : These soils' have a surface that is saturated with irrigated water at some time and have chroma of 2 or less in the matrix and higher chroma of mottles within 50cm of the surface. (Ex. Hwadong, Yongsu series) 18. Anthro aquic, Aquic Hapludalfs : These soils are similar to Anthro aquic Hapludalfs except for the matrix that has chroma 2 or less and higher chroma of mottles in more than 50cm of the surface. (Ex. Geugrag, Deogpyeong se ries)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the scope of standard color perception for Americans and to compare the differences in color perception between Korean and American undergraduates. Sixty male and fifty-one female American undergraduates were selected as a random sample. Color perception was tested with the naked eyes. Minolta Chroma Meter CR 300 was used for physical measurement of the color. Based on the objective of this study and the data generated the following results were drawn: 1) We found no distinctive difference in color perception by different eye colors. 2) Color perception of American undergraduates is largely classified into four different groups: simple group includes Yellow, Green, Blue, White, Gray, and Black, X(-axis)group includes Yellow Red, Y(-axis)group includes Blue Green, Purple, complex group includes Yellow Red, Purple Blue. 3) The differences in color perception between the two undergraduate groups were found to be significant with four colors: Yellow Red, Green, Blue, and Purple. 4) There is a wide difference between the values of standard color and inn percept color. When undergraduates in both countries were compared, it turned out that Korean students were more accurate than Americans in color perception. 5) American students perceived Red, Yellow, and Green colors relatively correctly, but showed an extremely low degree of accuracy in Blue and Purple Blue color perception.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.73-81
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to increase the ultraviolet-light (UV)-cut ability of cellulose fabrics (cotton, ramie, and rayon) dyed with safflower yellow colorants. For this purpose, samples treated with UV-cut agent and tannic-acid were compared with the untreated samples after UV exposure in terms of K/S value, color changes(${\Delta}E$), SEM, and strength retention. The K/S value rapidly decreased after 28 days exposure, whereas the K/S value of the samples treated with both UV-cut agent and tannic-acid decreased to less than that of the untreated samples. In color changes, $L^*$ increased while $a^*$ and $b^*$ decreased, indicating less red and yellow character in color. This induced a change in the hue, value and chroma values. However the color change(${\Delta}E$) of the samples treated with both UV-cut agent and tannic-acid was less than that of the untreated samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures showed a severe degradation by exposure in all samples. Tensile strength rapidly decreased after 28 days for cotton and rayon, and after 21 days for ramie. However, the strength retention of the samples treated with UV-cut agent and tannic-acid was higher than that of the untreated samples.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.7-13
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to suggest the c1ata which were useful to apply the color for clothes resign 29 female university students were se10cted in this experirrental study for the perception scope of primroy color from July to Dec. in 1998. The results of this study are as the following : 1) The perception scope of red perceived by more than 30% of the subjects was wider in Chroma-axis than in Value-axis, including 5R 4/12, 5R 4/10 and 5R 5/14 in standard color 5R standard color 5R 4/14. The perception scope of yellow was wider in Chroma-axis in standard color 5Y 8/14. And the perception scope of blue was wider in Value-axis in standard color 5B 4/10. 2) In chromaticity diagram, the perception scope of red perceived by one subjoct and over was large, covering three-quarters and being extended in X -axis. The perception scope of yellow was awuximately a half, without being linked together. A few of it were separated. And the perception scope of blue was about two-thirds, including all color chips in the line. In conclusion, the perception scope of red was comprehensively broad and there aweared relatively strong corrnron feature between the subjects. The perception scq;e of yellow was awuximate1y a half and there was little cormnon feature between the subjects. And the perception sccpe of blue was sorrewhat wide and the sUbiects expressed strong cornrmn feature. feature.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.768-777
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• 2015

In this study, the dyeing of silk fabric with Polygonum cuspidatum extracts was investigated. The contents of this study are as follows. First, the proper dyeing conditions were investigated by measuring the dye uptake (K/S value) that depended on the dyeing conditions when silk fabric was dyed with Polygonum cuspidatum extract. Second, the brightness (L), hue, and chroma differences that appear after mordanting with Al, Cu and Fe were investigated by measuring the CIELAB and Munsell values. And third, the colorfastness and antibacterial property were measured. When the silk fabric was dyed with Polygonum cuspidatum extract, the proper dyeing conditions were a colorant concentration of 90% v/v, a dyeing of time 100 minutes, a dyeing temperature of $70^{\circ}C$, and a dyeing of pH 3. In mordanting methods, the dyeabilities of post-mordanting were higher than those of premordanting. The hue value displayed yellow (Y) and yellow-red (YR) in cases of pre and post mordanting. The C value decreased by the mordanting of Polygonum cuspidatum extracts. Generally the colorfastness of mordanted fabrics was improved by mordanting. The dyed fabrics showed a 90.6% of Staphylococcus aureus reduction rate, and the dyed and mordanted fabrics showed 97.1% bacteria reduction rate. The dyed and mordanted fabrics showed above 90.5% Klebsiella pneumoniae reduction rate, and Cu mordant revealed the most effective bacterial reduction.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.22-27
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• 2006

K/S values, Hue, Value, and Chroma changes of the hot-water and alkali extract of Boehmeria tricuspis have investigated to obtain an optimum dyeing conditions. Maximum optical absorption of the cotton, Hanji, and silk dyed with the extract were observed at 400 nm. The K/S value of the dyed silk was higher than those of other materials in the treatments with the temperature and time condition and there was not much changes in the treatments near $80\;^{\circ}C$ and 40 minutes. Also, the K/S value of the dyed silk was drastically increased as the concentration of the dye was increased. In the treatments with temperature and time condition, Hue of the materials dyed with alkali extracts resulted in YR color, whereas materials dyed with hot-water extracts provided R color. In the time and temperature condition of treatment, there were no significant changes in the samples treated near $80\;^{\circ}C$ and 40 minutes. The Value and Chroma of the dyed materials were not significantly changed. As a result, it is suggested that the optimum temperature, time, and concentration of dye would be $80\;^{\circ}C$, 40 minutes, and 100%, respectively, when cotton, Hanji, and silk are dyed with Boehmeria tricuspis extract.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to closely examine the history of glasses and their cases used in the middle and late of Joseon Dynasty and identify inherent quality of our traditional glasses cases through color analyses of glasses cases' material and shape. While theoretical examination was conducted based on the literatures of glasses and their cases that firstly appeared in around Japanese Invasion (Imjin war) of Korea in 1592, practical analyses were demonstrated on photos of glasses cases used in the middle and late of Joseon Dynasty collected from both museum pieces and the internet which were grouped into wood, fabric, paper, sharkskin, hawksbill and cow's horn in accordance with their materials. 623 color samples were abstracted from collected 159 glasses cases and quantity analyses on each material were performed respectively. Abstracted representative colors based on the result of color analyses were classified into the main materials and accessories' color scheme. The result of this study are as follow: firstly, both Yellow and Yellow Red were mostly used in main materials. In Fabric case's colors were widely used in embroidery and in animal matter material cases such as sharkskin, hawksbill and cow's horn, which can be used as itself or dyed, Green Yellow shown in high frequency. Secondly, accessories were analyzed into similarity coloration with main materials. From this finding, it turns out that our traditional cases have characteristic of similarity coloration between main materials and accessories. Red Purple and Purple Blue in high frequency in accessories used as an accent color. Finally, based on the analysis of hue and tone, while the middle and low value colors shown in very high frequency, the high-chroma colors hardly shown.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the scope of color perception for Japan standard color. In addition to, we compared the difference in the color perception between the Korean and the Japanese undergraduates. 140 male and 119 female Japanese undergraduates were selected as the random sample. Color perception was made with the naked eyes. Minolta Chroma Metre CR 300 was used for physical measurement of the color. The results were as follows, 1) Japanese students' perceived color perception was classified into four large groups: simple group includes Red, Yellow, Blue, White, Gray and Black, X(-axis)group includes Green, Red Purple, Y(-axis)group includes Green, complex group includes Blue Green, Purple, Purple Blue, Red Purple. 2) There is difference between Korean color perception and Japanese; for Yellow Red, Blue, Blue Green, Red Purple. 3) There is little difference between the values of standard color and mean percept color for Yellow while big difference for Blue. And as for as country was concerned, Korean is more accurate than Japanese in color perception.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.962-973
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to understand the harmony of chromatic and achromatic colors of the traditional Korean dress. The subjects were women＇s college students in Korea and America. Chromatic colon, red, yellow, and green color, were chosen for the color of the Korean jacket, and achromatic colors were chosen for the color of the skirt, and then the colors＇ chroma were controlled and value of color was changed. In addition, the three colors of the jacket were combined with four kinds of the colors＇ tone. Then, the students of both countries assessed about the harmony for 48 colorations which were variously incorporated with the tones of skirt and jacket. The results of research can be summarized as follows. When red jackets were combined with skirts of achromatic colors, students of both counties showed the different views in the range of harmony and disharmony for colorations of white(N9) skin and vivid jacket, and white(N9) skirt and dark jacket, and black(N2) skirt and light jacket, and black(N2) skirt and dull jacket. In the tone of yellow jackets and achromatic skirts, students of both counties showed similar responses in that a light yellow jacket was well matched with dark grey(N4) and black(N2) skirt. While Korean students generally evaluated that coloration was well harmonized when low value color was arranged below, American students thought, that the tones of a harmonized skirt were different, according to the jacket＇s tones. When green jackets were combined with stills of achromatic colors, colorations that showed their different views of both countries were a white(N9) skirt combined with vivid, light, dull jackets, and a light grey(N7) skirt and dull jacket, and a dark grey(N4) skirt and dark jacket. Among 48 stimuli of coloration on the chromatic and achromatic colors, Korean students evaluated 16sets and American students judged 28 sets as harmonized colors. Therefore, it came to the conclusion that Korean students had the sense of harmonious coloration of more narrow range than American students.