• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.639-642
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• 2009

The research was performed to find out the optimum firing condition for the $SnO_2-TiO_2-V_2O_5$ system yellow pigment. The pigment based on $SnO_2-V_2O_5$ system showed very intense yellow color and it was used widely in ceramics industry. Synthesized pigment, with partial substitutions of $SnO_2\;by\;TiO_2$, was fired at $1300{^{\circ}C}$ soaking 1h and it showed bright yellow color. $SnO_2-TiO_2-V_2O_5$ system was very more intensive changes in yellow color by colorimetric value $b^*$ than $SnO_2-V_2O_5$ system. Synthesized yellow pigments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The best composition for yellow pigment was 93:7:0.5(mole%) for $SnO_2-V_2O_5-TiO_2$. The measurement of CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ of pigment was $L^*(78.82),\;a^*(-4.88)\;and\;b^*$(59.25).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.363-366
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• 1998

홍화로부터 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 황색소(safflower yellow)를 추출할 때의 최적 조건을 조사하였다. 여러 온도$(40,\;50,\;60,\;70,\;80^{\circ}C)$와 압력(2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 psig) 조건에서 추출을 하였으며 수율을 증가시키기 위해 물을 보조용매(0, 3, 6, 10, 14 wt%)로 하여 실험을 수행하였으며 색소분석은 spectrophotometer를 이용하였다. 황색소의 추출 수율은 $60^{\circ}C$, 4000 psig에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 보조용매로 물을 사용하였을 때는 10 wt%일 때 황색소의 추출이 가장 잘 되었고 그 이상에서는 오히려 추출량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 시료의 수분함량은 초임계 유체 추출 시 수율과 밀접한 관련이 있는데 홍화의 황색소 추출 시에도 시료의 수분함량이 낮을수록 수율이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 초임계 유체를 이용하여 최적 조건에서 추출한 경우 황색소의 수율은 용매로 추출한 경우에 비해 6% 정도 증가하였다. 상기의 결과로 초임계 이산화탄소 추출법은 홍화로부터 황색소의 추출에 적합하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1662-1672
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• 2016

To address physicochemical factors of yellow clay for removing Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms, the correlation of removal efficiency with mineralogical characteristics of yellow clay collected from various areas was surveyed. Yellow clay from different localities showed the wide range of chemical compositions $SiO_2$ : 43~71%, $Al_2O_3$ : 13~26%, $Fe_2O_3$ : 5~14%, MgO : 0.4~1.8%, $K_2O$ : 0.6~3.3%, L.O.I.(Loss of Ignition) : 4.5~15%. The mineral compositions of yellow clay were mainly consisted of quartz and feldspar including small amounts of kaolinite, chlorite, and Fe-oxides. The result of size analysis showed that $6{\Phi}(31{\sim}16{\mu}m)$ and $7{\Phi}(16{\sim}8{\mu}m)$ were dominated sizes. The zeta-potential were in the range of -4.1~-20.7mV(average -13.7). As increasing removal efficiency of C. polykrikoides, contents of $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$ and L.O.I. in yellow clay increased, whereas $SiO_2$ content decreased. Furthermore, the amounts of silt mineral and small particle were high when the removal efficiency was high. According to factor analysis using principle component analysis, two components of factor 1 and factor 2 showed 79% of the total variance, which is related to cohesion and adsorption. Inducing cell lysis of C. polykrikoides by cohension and adsorption between C. polykrikoides and yellow clay.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 1999

각종 고치색을 검정하여 Pink계, Orange Yellow계, Yellow계, Yellow Green계, White계 등 5계통으로 정리하고, Munsell 부호와 한국표준색표 일련번호를 명시하는 동시에 영어 및 한국어 색이름을 규정하였다. 色 이론을 도입한 표색계에서는 공시한 21종의 유색견 고치색은 Pink계 1종, Orange Yellow~Yellow계 12종, Yellow Green계 3종으로서 16종이 확인되었다. Pink계는 노랑띤 분홍색; Orange Yellow계는 등황색, 금잔화색, 치자색, 계란색; Yellow 系는 해바라기색, 노른자색, 노랑, 벼색, 네이플즈 엘로, 황수선화색, 땅콩색, 크림색; Yellow Green계는 청포도색, 백연두색, 백합꽃색이 확인되었다. 관용 색이름인 肉色繭은 F 유전자가 지배하는 치자색 및 살색으로 세분되며, 藁色繭은 C$^{st}$는 벼색, 땅콩색 등을 포함하는 부류로 간주할 수 있었다. 고치색 유전자와 관련된 색파장 범위는 Pk가 593 nm, F는 580~593 nm, Grc 및 Ga Gb Gc 계열은 567~570 nm였으며, Y 유전자는 가장 폭넓은 575~593 nm의 색파장에 관여하였다. 가시광선 스팩트럼 593~567 nm 범위에 7종의 파장을 기본으로 18종 이상의 고치색이 성립되며, 특히 575~584 nm 영역은 유색견 21계통 중 78% 가 포함되어, 580 nm를 중심으로 色彩識別역이 예민한 색파장 영역에서 최소폭의 변화로 다양한 고치색 발현이 가능한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 중부견사선 외층세리신이 정상인 멧누에와 집누에 교잡종($+^Y+^C/Y^AYmc$)은 고유의 멧누에고(5Y9/4) 외에 황수선화색(5Y8.5/8)이 분리되었다. YC 발현에서 Y와 동일한 연관군 및 좌위(2~25.6)인 Y$^A,\;Y^D$ 등은 누에계통별 특이 인자가 관여한 결과로 추정되며, 이와같이 C$^1,\;C^{st}$도 C와 동등한 유전자일 가능성이 제기되었다. 녹색견은 Grc와 관계되는 2종의 청포도색, 독립유전 녹색견 Gc와 유사한 백연두색, Ga 또는 Gb와의 관련성이 추정되는 백합꽃색이 확인되었다. Pink계${\times}$Yellow계 고치색은 가법혼색의 경향을 보이고 , Yellow계의 "매우 진한 노랑" 고치 간의 교잡에서는 해바라기색이 우위로 발현되었다. 그러나, 일반적으로 유색견 원종 간의 F1 고치색은 감법혼색의 결과와 유사하며, 교잡종 고치색은 양친의 평균과 비교하여 색파장은 단파장 쪽으로 이동하고 명도와 채도가 저하되는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2002

Yellow sand (YS) storms were observed about ten times in the Korean peninsula during March and April in 2002. Twenty four hour fine particle (PM$\_$2.5/) samples were collected onto the 47 mm Teflon - coated quartz filters over 9 days during and after the events using the MiniVol Portable Air Sampler at a flow rate of 5 liters per minute. The highest PM$\_$2.5/ concentration measured during the YS period was 289 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, which is 13 times higher than the lowest of the values for the samples collected during the non-yellow sand period. The filter samples were analyzed for inorganic ions using the IC, AAS and Autoanalyzer, and for metals using the ICP-MS. The results showed that the concentrations of some inorganic ions (e.g., Ca$\^$2+/ and SO$_4$$\^$2-/) and metals (e.g., Fe, Mn) of soil origin were elevated during the yellow sand events.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2012

The stability of yellow and red dyes prepared from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in aqueous solution and in solid state was investigated. External factors such as light irradiation and temperature on the stability were examined during storage. Changes in absorbance of dye solutions and the color changes of fabrics dyed after long time storage were measured. Also, color reproducibility during storage was investigated by dyeing test on various fabrics. Red colorant in aqueous solution was very unstable to light, resulting that about 40% of absorbance were lost in 12hrs. The absorbance of yellow dye solutions was not decreased within 84hrs. In aqueous medium, yellow dye was much more stable than carthamin. Both dyes are relatively stable for long storage when they are stored in solid state compared to when in aqueous solution. Color changes are marginal in both dyes.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2015

The content of hazardous heavy metal of materials used in playground facility for children was investigated using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyses, In order to examine the content of hazardous heavy metals according to the material color, four colors, i.e., green, red, yellow and blue, were categorized on the materials used. The highest lead content is observed in the yellow plastic samples. The yellow samples with relatively high lead content show that the chrome content is also high. This can explained that lead chromate, so-called chromium yellow, is normally used as a main pigment to express the yellow color. Therefore, it is concluded that hazardous heavy metal detected in the materials of playground facility for children is due to the pigments used for coloring. Based on above findings, the relationship between the color of materials used in playground facility for children and the content of hazardous heavy metal is discussed.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.452-459
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• 2008

The compressed injection yellow ocher soil is the process-technology by drying the product through sunshine, not by firing like pottery and ceramic ware. It is the technology of development being able to achieve the far infrared ray and humidity adjustment by adding recycling paper, Korean paper and bamboo salt, and it corresponds with the construction enforcement ordinance 2007 as an interior-finishing product which is fire-resistant. In case that the yellow ocher soil would be used as lighting device and interior-finishing material and decoration, it could contribute to an improvement of National Health by avoiding the sick house syndrome and adding humidity adjustment, and it has more efficient economic effect due to using recycle-available additives. Through such developments of the yellow ocher soil products the domestic market of lighting device and construction material can be advanced and the replacement effect of imported goods & also export effect can be expected accordingly.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1991

Yellow sands often occur in Korea during April and May each year, and they are believed to come from the Mongolian Gobi desert as the snow starts to melt in Spring time. Since the analysis of aerosol particulates can hardly distinguish the origin of particulates, the isentropic analysis of meteorological data is often used for the trajectories of the long range transport of yellows sand or air pollutants. The yellow sand case of April 9 $\sim$ 15, 1988, in Korea is analyzed for the identification of long range transport of yellow sands and their trajectories in East Asia, using isentropic analyses. We have tranformed the ECMWF grid data, analyzed in pressure coordinates, into the isentropic coordinates and then have traced the 286 K and 290 K air mass which started Gobi desert. The result shows the transport of yellow sands from the Gobi desert to the Korean peninsula.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1984

Reproduced colors which are half-tone dot printed at the rate of 10, 20, 30, 100% half-tone dot area by each process ink-cyan, magenta and yellow ant at the rate of 10, 20, 30, 100% by the mean color mixing of black, cyan, magenta and yellow, are colorimetric analyzed by make use of the 1931 CIE XYZ system of color specification and matching the Munsell color system. With increased half-tone areas, 1. Yellow has ideal reflectance curve, but magneta has nonideal reflectance curve. 2. Yellow and cyan have almost standard dominant wavelengths but magenta has complementary wavelengths. 3. Yellow has higher excitation purities in primary colors, but low excitation purities in secondary and third colors. 4. Value function is decreased and generally the range of value function in chromaticity diafgram is extented. 5. The properties of black and CMY printed materials have not equality, therefore black process ink is necessery in half-tone printing process.