• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.561-567
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• 1994

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E and caffeine on the activities of lipid peroxidation related enzymes in rat liver . Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing three level of vitamin E (37.5, 750 or 1,5oomg/kg diet) and with or without 0.3% caffeine. The rats were sacrificed after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding. Results obtained from this study were as follows ; The content of cytochrome P450 tended to increase as dietary vitamin E level was raised. The activity of xanthine oxidase increased in the caffeine groups, but it decreased by the increasing level of vitamin E. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were slightly elevated by dietary supplementation of vitamin E. And there was a tendency of higher these enzyme activity of caffeine groups. The activity of glutathione perxidase tended to decrease as dietary vitamin E level increased. But it was raised by caffeine supplementation . Liver glutathione content was not affected by dietary supplementation of vitamin E, but it showed a decreasing tendency in caffeine groups. There was a tendency of more lipid peroxide content of caffeine groups than that of the only vitamin E supplemented group. But the degree of increment of this decreased as dietary vitamin E level increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.725-730
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary zinc (Zn) and/or cadmium (Cd) on hepatic microsomal and cytosol enzyme activities. Male Spraque-Dawley rats (110$\pm$10g ) received zinc (0, 30 and 300 ppm/) and Cd-treated groups were administered oral intubation with Cd chloride (5.0mg/kg of body weight 0 at the same time once a week. The effect of Cd on the activity of hepatic cytochromep-450 , xanthine oxidase(X. O) and superoxide dismutase (SOd) was studied in rats. Cd oral intubation resulted in a decrease in cytochrome P-450 content and SOD activity whereas a significant increase in the X.O. activity was observed was observed . Intake of excessive Zn led to an increased activity of microsomal alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) , whereas Zn deficiency group led to a decreased group. The mechanism by which Zn induces the decreasing of Cd toxicity in rats, seems to rely on the protection of the enzyme systems P-450, ADH, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and X.O. in the liver, possibly by forming non-toxic Cd metallothionein. These results indicate that Zn and Cd regulation might occur via inhibitory protein component of the $H_2O$$_2$ -generator system.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2001

To evaluate the effect of occlusive skin on the activity of cutaneous oxygen free radical metabolizing enzymes in rats, the dorsal skin was covered with closed glass chamber shaped petri dish, 46 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height and sealed by an adhesive. Five day-occluded group showed more increased activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) than that of control, and the activity of five day-occluded group was higher than that of ten day-occluded group. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly higher in ten day-occluded group than in control or five day-occluded group. All the more, five day-occluded group showed the decreasing tendency of SOD and GPx activities compared to those of control. On the other hand, the cerrous perhydroxide deposits were observed in the intercellular space of the stratum basale in five day-occluded group under the electronic microscope using a cytochemistry method. Futhermore, the degree of cerrous perhydroxide reaction was lower in ten day-occluded group than in five day-occluded group. In conclusion, the increased XO activity and the decreased SOD and GPx activities are likely to responsible far the accumulation of $H_2O_2$ in five day-occluded group.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.1 s.22
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• pp.5-16
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to verify anti-cancer and anti-oxidant efficacies of Korean wild ginseng and cultivated wild ginseng of Korea and China. Methods : For the measurement of anti-oxidation, SOD-like activity was evaluated using xanthine oxidase reduction method under in vitro environment. Subcutaneous and abdominal cancer were induced using CT-26 human colon cancer cells for the measurement of growth inhibition of cancer cells and differences in survival rate. Results : 1. Measurement of anti-oxidant activity of ginseng, Chinese and Korean cultivated wild ginseng, and natural wild ginseng samples showed concentration dependent anti-oxidant activity in HX/XOD system. Anti-oxidant activity showed drastic increase at 1mg/ml in all samples. 2. For the evaluation of growth inhibition of cancer cells after hypodermic implantation of CT-26 cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity of mice, Chinese and Korean cultivated wild ginseng and natural wild ginseng groups showed significant inhibition of tumor growth from the 12th day compared to the control group. Similar inhibitory effects were also shown on the 15th and 18th days. But there was no significant difference between the experiment groups. 3. For the observation of increase in survival rate of the natural wild ginseng group, CT-26 cancer cells were implanted in the peritoneal cavity of mice.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.410-415
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• 2005

To investigate biological activity of noni extracts treated with HCl and trypsin, we measured the antioxidant activity through vitro assay and cellular system. Both water and lipid soluble fraction of noni extracts dose-dependently scav­enged DPPH radical. Superoxide scavenging activity of lipid soluble fraction after treating HCl and trypsin was significantly more potent than those of other fractions in NBT/xanthine oxidase assay, which suggests that antioxidant activity of noni extracts was increased by the treatment with HCl and trypsin. In antioxidant assay using RBL 2H3 cells, water soluble frac­tion of noni extracts had little effect on silica-induced reactive oxygen species generation, whereas lipid soluble fraction inhibited in a dose dependent manner. In non-treated noni extracts, effect of water soluble fraction on silica/$CuSO_4$-induced lipid peroxidation was more potent than that of lipid soluble fraction. However, the effects of noni extracts were reversed in noni extracts treated with HCl and trypsin. These data suggest that water soluble substances may be converted into lipid soluble substances by the treatment with HCl and trypsin. From the above results, it is suggested that lipid soluble fraction of noni extracts contain antioxidant used in vitro assay and RBL 2H3 cellular system. Such an effect of noni extracts may be increased by the treatment with HCl and trypsin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.268-273
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• 2000

To investigate an effect of the ethanol extract of Lycium chinense(EELC) on the activities of enzymes scavenging oxygen free radicals or detoxicating alcohol. The ground Lycium chinense was extracted with 30% edible ethanol and then diluted with 6% ethanol to contain 2% EELC(w/v). Three different groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats had taken a drink EELC, ethanol(ETH) or water(control), respectively for 2 months. At the end of experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and obtained the following findings. The EELC-treated animals showed the highest activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase among three groups. The activities of xanthine oxidase and cytochrome p-450 from EELC treatment group were lower than those from ETH-treated group. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase was higher in the EELC-treated group than the ETH-treated(p<0.005). Furthermore, hepatic alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher in EELC-treated animals than in ETH-treated those. The activity of glutathione S-transferase in liver was appeared the orderly higher value in EELC, ETH and control-treated group. As the result, EELC may affect the reduction of oxygen free radical production and help the detoxication of ethanol.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 2011

Amelanchier asiatica fruits have been used as a traditional medical food. This research was investigated to assess angiotensin converting enzyme, xanthine oxidase (XOase) and elastase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activities. The content of total phenolic compounds in A. asiatica fruits extracts was 17.6mg/mL. In extracts, the electron donating ability by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging test of A. asiatica fruits extracts was 90.18% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization of A. asiatica fruits extracts was 98.81% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibition rate of the antioxidant protection factor was 1.03, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance was 73.27% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The XOase inhibition activity of A. asiatica fruits extracts of showed to be 13.19% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The angiotensin converting enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by A. asiatica fruits extracts as 82.52% inhibitory rate at $200{\mu}g/mL$. Elastase inhibitory activity in the A. asiatica fruits extracts (41.48% at $200{\mu}g/mL$) was higher than vitamin C (12.8% at $200{\mu}g/mL$). These results suggests that A. asiatica fruits extracts have the greatest property as a functional food and functional cosmetic source.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1241-1248
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• 2010

The solvent extracts of Nelumbo nucifera G. were investigated for antioxidant activities, whitening and anti-wrinkle effects to apply as a functional ingredient in cosmetic products. For their industrial application, the cosmetic products were also prepared with advanced formulation techniques such as W/O/W multiple emulsion. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents increased in Nelumbo nucifera G.-Leaf (NN-L). The electron donating ability of Nelumbo nucifera G.-Flower (NN-F) or Nelumbo nucifera G.-Leaf (NN-L) extracts were above 85% at a concentration of 500 ppm. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of Nelumbo nucifera G. (NN-L) extracts was about 60% at a concentration of 1,000 ppm. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of NN-L extract was higher than that of NN-F and NN-S extracts. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect, which is related to skin-whitening, was 36% in NN-F at 1,000 ppm. For anti-wrinkle effect, the elastase inhibition activity of NN-L was about 30% at 1,000 ppm. The results of stability test showed that W/O/W multiple emulsion (ME) containing Nelumbo nucifera G. extracts. The electron donating ability of the ME containing NN-F and NN-L were about 60% at a concentration of 100 ppm. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of the ME containing NN-L was 30% at 1,000 ppm. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect, which is related to skin-whitening, was 34% in the ME containing NN-F at 1,000 ppm. In anti-wrinkle effect, the elastase inhibition activity of the ME containing NN-L was about 55% at 1,000 ppm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.446-450
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• 2005

The biological activity of water and ethanol extracts from Chamomaile for functional food source were examined. Total phenol contents in the $60\%$ ethanol extracts $(24.98\pm0.20\;mg/g)$ from Chamomaile leaf was higher than those of water extracts $(23.64\pm0.35\;mg/g)$ The major phenolic compound by HPLC were rosemarinic acid and Quercetin. $60\%$ ethanol extracts had higher content of these phenolics than water extacts. Electron donating ability showed $91.05\%$ in the water extracts and $95.49\%$ in the $60\%$ ethanol extracts. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) showed $0.71\pm0.02 $ in the water extracts and $1.48\pm0.03 $ in the $60\%$ ethanol extracts. The water extracts of Chamomaile leaves did not have antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, but the $60\%$ ethanol extracts revealed the slight antimicrobial activity as 9.42 mm of clear zone. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition was $57.98\%$ in water extracts and $91.36\%$ in $60\%$ ethanol extracts. Xanthine oxidase activity was $73.48\%$ in water extracts and $81.96\%$ in $60\%$ ethanol extracts. The results suggest that Chamomailes extract may be useful as potential source as antioxidant, angiotensin converting enzyme and xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.110-116
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• 2016

In this study, the antioxidative activity and functional food activities of water and ethanol extracts from Pinus densiflora root were examined. It was more effective to use ethanol than water when extracting phenolic compounds. The extracted phenolic compounds from Pinus densiflora root for biological activities were examined. The phenolic compounds extracted with water and 80% EtOH were $1.86{\pm}0.04mg/g$ and $6.85{\pm}0.16mg/g$, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of water and EtOH were each 86% and 85% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. ABTS radical decolorization activity was 48% in water and 68% in EtOH at $200{\mu}g/mL$. Antioxidant Protection Factor (PF) were 1.74 PF in water and 1.96 PF in EtOH at $50{\mu}g/mL$. TBARs of water and EtOH were 93% and 98%, respectively at $100{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibition activity on xanthine oxidase was 83.7% in water extracts and 79.6% in ethanol extracts. Inhibition on xanthine oxidase of water and ethanol extracts showed a higher inhibition effect than allopurinol. The inhibition activity on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 14.8% in water extracts and 91.6% in ethanol extracts. The result suggests that P. densiflora root extracts may be useful as as functional food material.