• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2021

목적: 요수근 관절 탈구는 고에너지 손상에 의해 발생하며 요골 경상돌기 골절 및 단요월상인대 손상을 동반한다. 단요월상인대는 요골 부착부에서 파열되기도 하지만 요골 월상골와의 전방연에서 견열 골편을 동반하여 발생하기도 한다. 이 연구의 목적은 요골 경상돌기 골절이 동반된 요수근 관절 탈구에서 단요월상인대의 손상 형태 및 치료 방법에 따라 결과의 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 요수근 관절 탈구로 수술을 시행한 18명을 대상으로 하였다. 요수근 관절 탈구는 Dumontier 등의 방법을 이용하여 Group 1 (순순한 탈구 또는 요골의 작은 견열 골절)과 Group 2 (주상골와의 1/3 이상을 침범한 요골 경상돌기 골절)로 분류하였다. Group 2는 단요월상인대의 부착부가 파열되거나 작은 견열 골절을 동반한 경우를 2A, 비교적 큰 견열 골절을 동반하여 내고정이 가능한 경우를 2B로 분류하였다. 전자는 단요월상인대의 직접 봉합으로, 후자는 작은 나사를 이용한 견열 골편의 내고정으로 치료하였다. 최종 추시에서 통증, 관절 운동 범위와 파악력, 영상 검사를 확인하였다. 치료 결과는 patient-rated wrist evaluation(PRWE), modified Mayo wrist score (MMWS)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 모든 증례는 Group 2 (2A 6명, 2B 12명)로 분류되었다. 굴신 운동 범위는 건측의 79%, 파악력은 72.9%를 보였다. Group 2A가 2B보다 신전/굴곡/회전에서 더 큰 운동 범위를 보였다. 요사위/척사위/회외전과 통증, 파악력 회복은 차이는 없었다. PRWE, MMWS에서는 두 군의 차이가 없었다. 합병증으로 외상성 관절염 7예, 관절 불안정 5예가 있었다. 결론: 단요월상인대가 손상될 때 요골 월상골와의 전방연에서 발생한 견열 골절은 치료 결과에 영향이 없었다. 그러나 견열 골편이 전위되거나 회전되어 탈구의 정복을 방해하기 때문에 주의해야 하며, 골편에 부착하는 단요월상인대의 기능을 복원하기 위해 해부학적 정복과 견고한 내고정이 필요하다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2005

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 유방암 치료 후 상지의 림프부종, 어깨관절 운동범위 감소, 주관적 증상과 이에 영향을 미치는 변수를 파악하기 위함이다. 대상 및 방법 : 본 대학 병원에서 유방암 진단을 받고 수술 또는 수술 후 방사선치료 및 항암치료를 받은 환자 159 명을 대상으로 림프부종 정도와 어깨관절 운동범위를 측정하였고, 질문지를 이용하여 주관적 증상을 측정하였다. 대상 환자의 $47.2\%$인 75명이 40대였으며 89의 환자가 병기 I 또는 II 이었다. 결과 : 림프부종(건측과 환측의 차이가 2 cm 이상)은 52명($32.7\%$)의 환자에서 발생하였다. 이 중 상지 하부 림프부종은 3명, 상지 상부 림프부종은 34명에서 발생하였으며 상지 상부와 하부 모두 림프부종이 발생한 경우는 15명이었다. 각 부위별 발생 빈도는 손목으로부터 10 cm 지점에서 $6.3\%$, 20 cm 지점에서 $10.7\%$, 30 cm 지점에서 $22.6\%$, 40 cm 지점에서 $23.3\%$이었다. 어깨관절 운동범위 감소(건측과 환측의 차이가 $20^{\circ}$ 이상)의 빈도는 굴곡에서 $37.2\%$, 외전에서 $37.7\%$, 내회전에서 $48.4\%$, 외회전에서 $24.5\%$이었다. 이 중 내회전의 경우 정상운동범위의 $50\%$ 이상 감소되는 경우도 흔하였다. 주관적 증상으로 통증 호소가 $63.5\%$, 팔을 움직이기 힘들다고 하는 경우가 $48.4\%$, 팔저림 호소가 $59.8\%$, 뻣뻣함(stiffness) 호소가 $69.2\%$이었다. 특히 림프부종이 없는 108명의 환자 중 65명($61.1\%$)이 통증을 호소하였다. 림프부종의 발생과 유의한 관계가 있는 요인으로는 연령, 체질량지수(BMI), 치료방법 및 수술 후 경과 기간이 있었고, 어깨관절 운동범위 감소의 경우 치료방법과 수술 후 경과기간이었다. 주관적 증상의 경우는 치료방법과 수술 후 경과기간 그리고 항암화학요법 종류가 유의한 관계가 있는 요인이었다. 다변량분석 결과 체질량지수(BMI)와 수술 후 경과기간이 림프부종에 영향을 미치는 유의한 변수인 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 림프부종은 수술 후 기간이 경과되어도 계속 진행되며 특히 체질량지수가 유의한 요인으로 확인되어 지속적인 체중관리를 포함한 예방대책이 필요하다. 그리고 어깨관절 운동범위의 감소도 환자의 약 1/3에서 발생하였으며 특히 굴곡, 외전, 내회전 운동범위의 감소가 빈번하였고 내회전의 경우 그 정도가 심하였으며 이를 근거로 한 치료 후 재활관리 프로그램이 환자에게 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.109-130
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• 2002

따라서 본 연구의 목적은 국가대표 수준급 대학 우수 야구 투수를 대상으로 한 3차원 영상분석을 통한 데이터를 가지고 직구 커브볼에 대한 구간별 운동학적 패턴을 비교 분석하여 자료를 제시하는데 있다. 본 연구는 부산 D대학교 우완 오버핸드 투수 가운데 국가대표 2명과 수준급 대학선수 2명, 총 4명을 대상으로 직구 커브 투구시 구간별로 나타나는 여러 운동학적 변인의 차이를 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 직구 및 커브볼 투구시 구간별, 국면별 투구시간은 거의 비슷하게 나타냈으며, 직구의 총 소요시간은 1.78${\pm}$0.07초이며 커브 총 소요시간은 1.77${\pm}$0.11초로 나타났다. 직구 및 커브볼 투구시 Z(상 하)방향에 대한 신체 중심의 위치변화는 구간별, 국면별 거의 차이가 나지 않았다. 직구 및 커브볼 투구시 왼쪽 다리의 무릎높이는 각각 $125.38{\pm}11.85cm,\;124.95{\pm}11.63cm$로 큰 차이가 없었다. 신장대비율(%H)로는 직구, 커브 각각 68.42${\pm}$5.53(%H), 68.40${\pm}$5.45(%H)로 나타났다. 직구 및 커브볼 투구시 스트라이드 거리는 각각 140.35${\pm}$4.96cm, 144.83${\pm}$1.69cm로 커브 투구시 더 많은 스트라이드 거리를 보였다. 직구 및 커브볼 투구시 왼쪽 슬관절 ST 구간과 LKU 구간, HBP 구간에서는 별 차이가 없었지만 LFC, MCP, BRP구간에서는 직구보다 커브 투구시 슬관절 각도가 더 굴곡 된 것으로 나타났다. 직구 및 커브볼 투구시 오른팔 견관절 각도는 ST 구간과 LKU구간, HBP 구간에서는 별차이가 없었다. 직구 및 커브볼 투구시 오른팔 주관절 각도는 ST 구간과 LKU구간, HBP 구간에서는 별차이 가 없었다. LFC구간과 MCP구간에서는 직구보다 커브가 다소 많이 굴곡되었고, BRP구간에서 는 직구, 커브 모두 다 근소한 차로 신전 된 것으로 나타났다. 직구 및 커브볼 투구시 오른팔 수관절 각도는 LFC 구간과 MCP 구간에서는 커브가 직구보다 더 신전되었다. 그리고 BRP 구간은 직구가 커브보다 더 신전 된 것으로 나타났다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1995

We analyzed 11 children who underwent epiphyseal transplantation to the forearm for manage growing deformity ranged from 2 years 6 months to years(average 5 years 10 months) follow-up period. Etiologies of the functional impairment of the eleven were five traumatic, three congenital and three tumorous conditions. Lesions of epiphysis were distal radius in eight patients and distal ulna in three patients. Operation was performed with removal of non-functioning or deformed epiphysis followed by transplantation of free vascularized proximal fibular epiphysis with microvascular anastomesis. Evaluation was performed radiologically and functionally. The 9(81.8%) patients showed growth of transplanted epiphysis by radiological examination during follow up. At the last follow up, average growth rate was 0.86cm per year excepts 2 cases of no growth. Active wrist motion near normal to contralateral joint was achieved in 7 patients. In other 2 patients, active joint motion was improved but weaker than contralateral joint. Complications on donor site were two transient peroneal nerve palsy which have been resolved after 2 and 5 months post operation and one valgus ankle deformity. The ankle deformity was corrected with $Langenski\"{o}ld$ operation of the dital tibiofibular fusion. At recipient site, there was one superficial infection and it was easily controlled by systemic antibiotics. Many subsequent reports have described successful nonvascularized epiphyseal transplante, but overall results have been inconsistent and unsatisfactory. Other experimental and clinical studies in the transfer of vascularized epiphyses has encourage its clinical application. We also could gel successful growth in several cases with free vascularized epiphyseal transplantation.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2010

This study examined the changes in the walking pattern during level walking under low illumination conditions. Fourteen male subjects ($22.1{\pm}2.21$ years, $174{\pm}3.74\;cm$, $68.86{\pm}10.81\;kg$) with normal vision and no disabilities were enrolled in this study. All experiments were performed on a level walkway with three conditions: normal walking (preferred & low speed) and walking with low illumination. 3D motion capturing system was used for acquisition and analysis of the walking motion data with a sampling frequency of 120Hz. The walking speed, normalized jerk(NJ) at the center of mass(COM), wrist and heel, knee and elbow joint angle, ratio of the knee joint angle to elbow joint angle and the toe clearance on stance phase were used to compare the differences in walking pattern between the two illumination conditions, The results showed that the walking speed and joint angles decreased in low illumination, whereas the NJ and toe minimum clearance increased. In low illumination, most variables were similar to effects of low speed walking, but toe clearance was different from the effects of low speed. These results can be used as primary data for examining the changes in the level walking pattern of young adults under low illumination. Further study will be needed to compare these results in young adults with those in the elderly.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2022

Objective: Electrical stimulation is an assistive technology used to aid the recovery of upper limb use after stroke. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effects of electrical stimulation on upper extremity function in individuals with hemiparetic stroke and to develop an evidence base that supports the use of electrical stimulation for upper limb recovery after stroke. Design: A systematic review based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Studies published before April 20 2021 were collected for this review by searching PubMed, four other databases, and RCTs that reported the effects of electrical stimulation on upper extremity function in individuals with the characteristic stroke type. Information on the following parameters was extracted from each study: surname of first author, published year, country, participants, intervention, intervention's intensity, comparison, outcomes, additional therapy, and summary of results. This review also evaluated the bias within each study, including any selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias, and reporting bias. Results: This review included five RCTs, and 208 stroke patients were included in the analysis. Stroke patients who underwent electrical stimulation showed significantly improved grip and pinch strengths, wrist range of motion, and basic daily living compared to those in the control group; however, there was no improvement in upper extremity function. Of the selected papers, 60% showed a "high risk" of performance bias, and 20% showed a "high risk" of detection bias. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review suggest that electrical stimulation provides some benefits to stroke patients, such as improved hand strength and range of motion. However, future studies are needed to provide clinical evidence of the effects of electrical stimulation on upper extremity function in stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose was to investigate changes in mechanical properties, range of motion, and grip strength of the forearm muscle in 13 students depending on the wrapping direction of the floss band. Design: A single-blind, crossover study Methods: Subjects were randomly assigned to the wrapping direction of the flossing band and then performed a concentric exercise of the wrist flexors using a Flex-Bar. Intervention A applied the flossing band in a right spiral direction, Intervention B applied the flossing band in a left spiral direction, and Intervention C performed the exercise alone. All subjects used their dominant right hand, and pre- and post-assessments were conducted between interventions. To analyze differences in changes between groups pre- and post-, all results were subjected to one-way ANOVA, followed by Scheffe's test as a post-hoc analysis. The paired samples t-test was used to analyze the difference between pre- and post-change within groups. Results: First, in the mechanical properties of the Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscle, interventions A and B significantly improved muscle tone and stiffness than intervention C (p<0.05), and intervention A showed a significant decrease in decrement (muscle elasticity) than intervention B (p<0.05). Second, interventions A and B showed significant improvement in grip strength than intervention C (p<0.05). Conclusions: The right spiral direction of the flossing band tended to increase the elasticity of the muscles compared to the left spiral direction. Therefore, in future studies, it is necessary to choose the direction of the flossing band to increase the elasticity of the muscles.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1593-1597
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• 2003

The home service robot supports human beings by performing various kinds of works at home. This paper presents a simple control method for opening a door from the viewpoint of the mobile manipulation. The simulation shows various results of path planning and motion planning for opening a door. The joint trajectories were generated by the simulation system. In general, a six-axis force/torque sensor at an end-effector is needed in order to maintain the static equilibrium of the manipulator. But we show another method. From three components of applied forces which was directly obtained by the three-axis force sensor and three components of applied forces which was indirectly estimated by the joint-torque sensors, all of joint torques that will exactly balance forces at the end-effector in the static situation can be found. It is more practical method than using a six-axis force sensor in a wrist. Experimental results have shown that the opening a door can be realized more effectively from the suggested control method of mobile manipulation.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.772-775
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• 2004

Generally, arterial pulse waves are measured at the radial arterial of wrist or carotid arterial of neck using a sensor such as pressure sensor, piezoelectric sensor or optic sensor. But in this paper, arterial pulse wave is measured at the temple using PZT piezo sensor which is attached on the temple in form of a hair-band. Arterial Pulse waves are generally measured when a reagent is in a static state. But in this paper, we implemented the arterial pulse wave measurement system, as a previous stage of the arterial pulse wave measurement system for running at outdoors or on a running machine, that measures arterial pulse waves at the temple, which is the least moving part when running. Thorough the continuous study, if the motion artifact when running is possible to be removed, the system will be able to perform monitoring of running men's states and especially emergency signals such as serious pulse waves of an/old and feeble persons and handicapped persons.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in service patterns of a forward and backward soft tennis players using 3D motion analyzer. Subjects were 4 forward players of $24.0\pm5.23$yrs and 4 backward players of $23.5\pm1.73$yrs. The results were as following: 1. There was no difference among each positions on swinging-time. The longest racket swinging-time was in the phase of takeback, the second one was in follow-through. The shortest one was in the phase of forward-swing so called force production phase, which had an influence on ball's velocity. 2. The racket speed on impact was 16.3m/s in forward subject and 19.53m/s in backward subject, when each velocity of balls was 44.6m/s, 52.9m/s. Although there was no significant difference along by positions, backward subject showed faster result. 3. The maximum speed of each performance was reached before the impact, and the speed at impact along by positions did not show any significant difference. The summation of velocity was measured in good order as following; hip, shoulder, elbow, wrist, top of racket. 4. In the angular velocity of all examine except one, the angular velocity of forearm was bigger than the one of racket top although there was no statistically significant difference between forward and backward subject. 5. The service grip of the forward players was shorter than that of backward players.