• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2016

This study focused on the time use of a dual-earner working group with preschool children on working and nonworking days using 2014 time-use survey data provided by Statistics Korea(KOSTAT). We collected the time-use data recorded in a 2,158 time diary. We divided the time use into 4 parts ; paid work, household labor work (including caring work), leisure and living essentials. For the statistical analysis, we used SPSS 18.0 packages, i.e., descriptive statistics, T-test, Anova with Duncan test and regression for the impact off the independent factors. The results verified gender differences in time use and recognized the usefulness of the time-allocation analysis for the diagnosis of Work and Life Balance(WLB). In the conclusion, we suggest increasing men's time allocation for household labor as a crucial solution to the WLB of dual-earner working groups. And the follow-up study should include the various factors that affect the time allocation of dual-earner groups, such as type of labor and job and children's ages.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2020

This study examined Korean employees' meal structure characterized by mealtime, meal places, and companions. The data from 19,692 time diaries, recorded by 9,846 employees aged 19-64 years for two days in the 2014 Korean Time Use Survey, were analyzed for working days and non-working days. Approximately two-thirds of Korean employees ate meals three times a day on both working and non-working days. The breakfast and lunch-times on working days were distributed within two hours, but the dinner time on working days and all three meals on non-working days were dispersed across a three-hour range. Male employees spent three minutes on meal preparation on working days, whereas females spent 30 minutes. On working days, 88% of breakfasts and 67% of dinners were eaten at home. For lunches, 46% were eaten at restaurants, and 42% were at workplaces. The breakfast on working days showed the highest percentage of eating alone (40%) and the dinner on non-working days appeared highest in the percentage of eating with families (69%). The characteristics of Korean employees' meal structure appeared different on working days and non-working days. Such characteristics should be considered in the process of planning nutrition policies and programs for employees.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.601-607
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• 2017

Objective: A method to assess the risk level of agricultural works considering work posture and working time was suggested, and the method was applied to the major fruit crops. Background: It is not complete to analyze only work postures when assessing risk level of agricultural works. Method: $3{\times}3$ matrix was employed, in which the severity level was taken from the REBA method and exposure level was taken from the working time, using the criteria of caution zone/hazard zone. Results: Among the 5 major fruit crops(apple, pear, grape, peach, persimmon), the highest level of ergonomic risk was found in the apple and pear, while medium level was found in other 3 crops, mainly because the working time was less in the 3 crops. Conclusion: It was found that when assessing the overall ergonomic risk of agricultural works, work posture and working time should be considered at the same time. Application: The suggested method could be applied to other non-cyclic tasks.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to present the thermal characteristics of the working uniform exposed to the radiation heat. The effect of exposure time and exposure distance on the changes and the relationship between physical properties were investigated experimentally. Regardless of the kind of working uniform, the surface temperature of the working uniform with exposed time sharply increases as exposed distance is more close and the reaching time of steady state is shorter. The surface temperature of working uniform exponentially decreases as exposed distance become more distant. For the safety of the working man, it is necessary that he work far away at a fixed standard distance from the radiant heat source.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2014

PURPOSES : This study analyzes the available working time at work-zone on the Expressway in accordance to the new capacity manual. METHODS : Sensitivity analysis on variables were conducted to calculate the adjusted capacity at work-zone based on previous researches. RESULTS : The main factors which affect available working time at the work-zone were its capacity, number of lanes, terrain and lane width. Other factors have minimal effect on the available working time. Based on the analysis, a calendar of lane closures was suggested. CONCLUSIONS : A series of studies concluded that the capacity at work-zone in the new capacity manual reduced to 76-82% of the existing manual. As such, the available working time decreased. Furthermore, the factors affecting the available working time needs to be considered when making a plan to rehabilitate the distressed pavement.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the awareness of dietary patterns and health of full-time and employed housewives. The investigation gathered information on general characteristics, dietary lifestyle, nutritional status, and health by questionnaire as well as anthropometric measurements. The subjects included housewives living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province (86 full-time and 127 working housewives) during November 2009 to January 2010. The average age, height, and weight of the housewives were $45.8{\pm}7.6\;yr$, $161.0{\pm}8.4\;cm$, and $55.7{\pm}6.3\;kg$, respectively. The average monthly income of the households was 3 million to 5 million won (31.4% full-time and 37.0% working housewives), and their average food expense was 200,000 to 500,000 won (46.5% full-time and 48.1% working housewives). More than 90% of the studied homes were nuclear families and the most common number of children was 2 to 3 (79.1% full-time and 76.4% working housewives). The ratio of employed housewives who ate regular meals was 35.4%, but that of the full-time housewives was 48.2% (p<0.05). Of the working housewives, 7.1% never ate breakfast and the primary reason for skipping breakfast was 'busy in the morning' (61.1%). The type of food that the housewives preferred when eating out was Korean food, both for the full-time and employed housewives (76.0%). All the housewives overate calories and the full-time housewives ate more protein, fat, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, and cholesterol than the employed housewives (p<0.05). Both the full-time and employed housewives were more satisfied with supper than with other meals. About 30.6% of the full-time and 33.9% of the working housewives had no interest in health, but answered that regular exercise was very important for health (33.3% full-time and 39.7% working housewives). In conclusion, working housewives have poor dietary habits and nutrient intakes, thus substantial measures to improve these problems are urgently needed.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to show farm women's stress under productive activity role multiple overload through family characteristic (pattern and number) and characteristic(type working time and involvement proportion) of productive activity. The outline of the study is as follow; 1. Stress by pattern and number of a family is highest in a four generation family and increases according as the number of the family increases. 2. The characteristic of productive activity : 1) Stress based on type of productive activity is highest in Type III of the most multiple overload roles. 2) in light of stress based working time area of household task activity is in inverse proportion to working time but area of farming and wage earning activity are approximately in direct proportion to it. The two-way ANOVA analysis show that stress in Type I of area of household task increases but in Type IV it decreases as working time increases 3) In stress based on involvement proportion to it. The wo-way ANOVA analysis show that stress in Type I of area of household task increases but in Type IV it decreases as working time increases. 3) In stress based on involvement proportion in three as working time increases 3). In stress based on involvement proportion in three activity areas the more the involvement proportion the less of the stress : an inverse ratio.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제78권4호
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• pp.381-395
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• 1989

본 연구는 임업 경영에 있어서, 그 중에서도 특히 간벌 작업에서 순수 작업시간과 임목의 형상 조건과의 관계를 구명함으로써 임금표나 공정표에 대한 과학적인 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 시험 대상지와 수종은 경남 양산에서 참나무 460본, 강원도 봉평에서 낙엽송 372본과 적송 232본, 전북진안에서 리기다 소나무 240본을 선정하였으며, 회귀식에 의한 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수종별 임목의 형상 조건인 5개의 독립 변수는 순수 작업 시간을 산출하는데 있어 작업원별로 동일 조건임을 확인하였다. 2. 임목의 형상 조건간의 서로 상관관계를 구명, 유의성을 확인하였으며, 결과적으로 순수 작업시간(WT)은 흉고직경(DBH)과 전체 가지수(NOB)로부터 가장 크게 영향을 받았다. 3. 변수의 수에 따른 결정계수(Rp)와 잔차평균제곱(MSEp)을 비교하여 최적회귀식을 수종별로 산출하였으며 여기에서 모든 수종으로부터 흉고직경(DBH)과 가지수(NOB)가 조합된 $WT=a+b1{\times}NOB+b2{\times}DBF$의 식이 유도 되었다. 4. 간벌 작업에서 걸림시간(Hang-up time)을 산출해보면 전체 작업 사간에 대하여 참나무가 평균 66%, 낙엽송 74%, 적송55% 그리고 리기다 소나무가 52%를 나타났다. 5. 수종별 휴고직경(DBH)과 가지수(NOB) 2변수로 부터의 최적 회귀 방정식에 작업 시간표를 작성하였으며, 6. 여기에서 전체 작업시간(Total WT)은 벌도시간(FT)과 조재시간(LT) 그리고 걸림시간(HT)을 모두 합한 것으로써 임목의 1cm 증가마다 11-13초의 작업시간 증가를 나타냈다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2023년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.57-58
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• 2023

컨테이너 터미널에서 컨테이너를 하역하고 이송하는 작업 소요시간은 항만 생산성과 직결되는 요소 중 하나로 작업 소요시간의 최소화는 항만 생산성의 극대화를 야기할 수 있다. 컨테이너의 작업 소요시간 중 선석과 야드 간 컨테이너의 이송을 담당하는 야드 트랙터(Yard Tractor; Y/T)의 작업시간이 큰 부분을 차지한다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 현재 야드 트랙터의 작업시간은 터미널 운영 실무자 경험에 기반한 추정은 가능하나, 이를 정량적으로 추정하기는 어려운 실정이다. 최근, 4차 산업혁명 핵심기술 중 하나인 IoT(Internet Of Things)를 기반으로 항만 내 물류자원을 실시간으로 모니터링 및 추적하여 작업시간을 산정하는 기술이 연구되고 있지만 이를 실제 항만 현장에서 상용화하기에는 어려운 단계이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 컨테이너 터미널 운영 효율화를 위해 야드 트랙터 작업시간 예측 모형을 개발한다. 예측 모형의 개발을 위해 실제 항만 운영 데이터를 분석하여 야드 트랙터의 작업에 영향을 끼치는 요인을 분석하고, 이에 따른 야드 트랙터의 작업시간을 예측한다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.763-768
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• 2002

In this study, methyl methacrylate (MMA) - modified polymer mortar(MMPM) was developed and its setting shrinkage and working life properties were surveyed. In order to study the setting shrinkage, setting shrinkage test for the 24 batches were also conducted with taking the MMA monomer content to the UP resin and the mixed content of shrinkage reducing agent(SRA) as variables. Furthermore, in order to study the working life measured gel time, working time, setting time of MMPM and binder. Experimental resurts show that the workability remarkably improved as the mixed MMA content increased. The working life was proportional to MEKPO content and was shorted. also, showed high interrelationship of binder gel time and MMPM working life. Setting shrinkage markedly reduced as the content of MMA and the SRA increased.