• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2010

The current study investigated the role of acoustic correlates of domain-initial strengthening in lexical segmentation of a non-native language. In a series of cross-modal identity-priming experiments, native Korean listeners heard English auditory stimuli and made lexical decision to visual targets (i.e., written words). The auditory stimuli contained critical two word sequences which created temporal lexical ambiguity (e.g., 'mill#company', with the competitor 'milk'). There was either an IP boundary or a word boundary between the two words in the critical sequences. The initial CV of the second word (e.g., [$k_{\Lambda}$] in 'company') was spliced from another token of the sequence in IP- or Wd-initial positions. The prime words were postboundary words (e.g., company) in Experiment 1, and preboundary words (e.g., mill) in Experiment 2. In both experiments, Korean listeners showed priming effects only in IP contexts, indicating that they can make use of IP boundary cues of English in lexical segmentation of English. The acoustic correlates of domain-initial strengthening were also exploited by Korean listeners, but significant effects were found only for the segmentation of postboundary words. The results therefore indicate that L2 listeners can make use of prosodically driven phonetic detail in lexical segmentation of L2, as long as the direction of those cues are similar in their L1 and L2. The exact use of the cues by Korean listeners was, however, different from that found with native English listeners in Cho, McQueen, and Cox (2007). The differential use of the prosodically driven phonetic cues by the native and non-native listeners are thus discussed.

• 음성과학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2006

This study investigates the degree to which various prosodic cues at the boundaries of prosodic phrases in Korean contribute to word segmentation. Since most phonological words in Korean are produced as one Accentual Phrase (AP), it was hypothesized that the detection of acoustic cues at AP boundaries would facilitate word segmentation. The prosodic characteristics of Korean APs include initial strengthening at the beginning of the phrase and pitch rise and final lengthening at the end. A perception experiment utilizing an artificial language learning paradigm revealed that cues conforming to the aforementioned prosodic characteristics of Korean facilitated listeners' word segmentation. Results also indicated that duration and amplitude cues were more helpful in segmentation than pitch. Nevertheless, results did show that a pitch cue that did not conform to the Korean AP interfered with segmentation.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.111-128
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• 2004

In English, a focused word with new information receives a pitch accent. This paper examines how English native speakers and Korean speakers produce and perceive focus in English yes-no questions. The production experiments show that native speakers realize an appropriate intonation of yes-no questions, in which a focused word has a low pitch accent followed by a high phrasal accent and a high boundary tone. However, Korean speakers usually give a high tone to a focused word. In a like manner, the perception experiments show that English native speakers judge a word with a low tone to be focused, while Korean speakers have difficulty in comprehending a focused word realized as a low tone. And it is found that Korean speakers tend to perceive low tones on sentence initial and final focused words better than those on sentence medial focused words, and they often perceive a word with a relatively high fundamental frequency or a sharp rise of fundamental frequency as a focused word. This paper shows that Korean speakers have trouble to produce and perceive an appropriate tonal pattern of a focused yes-no question, and that can cause confusion in a conversation with native speakers.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2011

This study investigates how Korean students employ acoustic-phonetic cues in perceiving word boundaries of near-homophonous English phrases. For this study, 60 Korean college students participated in the experiment of discriminating word boundaries for 42 pairs of stimuli comprising the allophonic cues of aspiration and glottal stop. Results were analysed in terms of the correctness of responses and the correlation between correctness and confidence. Results showed that stimuli pairs of the glottal stop cue give a higher correctness but those of aspiration a relatively lower correctness. Comparison of the results of this study with those of the previous studies of English and Japanese speakers showed that Korean and Japanese speakers of English give a substantially lower correctness than native speakers of English, while Korean learners of English as a foreign language provide a lower correctness than Japanese speakers of English as a second language.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 1996

기존의 한글 자동 색인 방법들은 어절 단위 색인법과 형태소 단위 색인법으로 분류될 수 있다. 전자는 문서내의 어절에서 비색인 분절을 절단함으로써 색인어를 추출하는 방법으로, 문서들이 많은 복합 명사들을 포함할 경우 검색 효과가 저하된다. 후자는 형태소 해석이나 구문 해석을 이용하여 중요한 의미를 갖는 명사나 명사구를 추출하는 방법으로 단일 명사를 추출함으로써 복합 명사의 띄어쓰기 문제를 극복할 수 있다. 그러나 색인 과정에서 요구되는 많은 언어 정보를 개발하고 유지 보수해야 하는 부담을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 색인 방법들의 문제점들을 완화할 수 있는 새로운 색인 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 실험을 통하여 제안하는 방법의 성능을 평가한다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

In this study, we examined whether Chinese learners of Korean can correctly produce the phonological process on the lexical and post-lexical level. For this purpose 4 Korean native speakers and 10 advanced and 10 intermediate Chinese learners of Korean participated in the production test. The materials analyzed constituted 10 Korean sentences in which nasalization can be applied on the syllable boundary, word boundary(w-boundary) as well as accentual phrase boundary(AP-boundary). The results show that for Korean speakers, nasalization was applied 100% at all level whereas for Chinese speakers, the rate of application of nasalization is different according to prosodic constituents and Korean proficiency. Nasalization was more frequently applied at the lexical level than the post-lexical level, and it is more frequent in the w-boundary conditions than in the AP-boundary conditions. However, the rate of nasalization in the w-boundary is close to the lexical level. The pronunciation errors were committed either as non application of nasalization or coda obstruent ommission. In the case of non application of nasalization, Chinese learners of Korean produced the target syllables as underling forms, which were not transformed as surface forms. In addition, we can observe the ommission of coda obstruents in 'lenis obstruents+nasal sound' sequences. As a result, nasalization is blocked by this omission.

• 인지과학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-53
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 성인(만20-28세)과 청소년(만13-14세)을 대상으로 글읽기 안구운동 추적 실험을 통해 분포분석하여 단어빈도 효과를 확인하고, 단일경계 확산모형(One-boundary Diffusion Model)의 정보표집율(drift rate) 파라미터가 두 집단의 글읽기 현상의 차이를 설명할 수 있고 단일경계 확산모형이 개인차를 설명하는 도구로써 적절한지 확인하고자 한다. 먼저 단어 빈도와 단어습득연령과 같은 단어 성질을 통제한 두 가지 글읽기 안구운동추적 실험을 하였고, 실험 1과 실험 2에서 중심와 정보처리가 단일경계 확산모형의 정보표집율 파라미터와 연결되는 것을 확인하였다. 실험 1에서는 성인 집단은 고빈도 조건과 저빈도 조건의 반응비율 고정 시간 평균 차이는 0.1분위수 보다 0.9 분위수에서 더 크게 나타났지만 청소년 집단은 고빈도 조건과 저빈도 조건의 반응 비율 고정시간 평균 차이는 0.1분위수과 0.9 분위수에서 차이가 크게 나타나지 않았다. 실험 2에서 두 집단의 초기습득연령 조건과 후기습득연령 조건의 반응 비율 고정시간 평균 차이는 0.1분위수 보다 0.9 분위수에서 더 크게 나타났다. Ratcliff(Ratcliff, & McKoon, 2008)의 반응시간 분포와 유사한 패턴으로 정적 편향 분포로 앞부분 보다는 꼬리 쪽에서 분산이 증가되는 경향이 확인하였으며 단어의 성질에 따른 두 조건의 차이는 분포의 첩점 크기 차이로 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 안구운동실험 결과를 통해 글읽기에서 나타나는 단어 성질에 따른 효과를 확인하고 단일경계 확산모형의 정보표집율 파라미터가 글읽기에서 중심와 정보처리를 반영하는 것을 강조한다. 나아가 이 연구에서 제안하는 단일경계 확산모형이 글읽기에서 현상을 예측하고 개인차를 설명할 수 있는 도구로써 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1998년도 제15회 음성통신 및 신호처리 워크샵(KSCSP 98 15권1호)
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• pp.87-92
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• 1998

In general, the synthesis unit database was constructed by recording isolated word. In that case, each boundary of word has typical prosodic pattern like a falling intonation or preboundary lengthening. To get natural synthetic speech using these kinds of database, we must artificially distort original speech. However, that artificial process rather resulted in unnatural, unintelligible synthetic speech due to the excessive prosodic modification on speech signal. To overcome these problems, we gathered thousands of sentences for synthesis database. To make a phone level synthesis unit, we trained speech recognizer with the recorded speech, and then segmented phone boundaries automatically. In addition, we used laryngo graph for the epoch detection. From the automatically generated synthesis database, we chose the best phone and directly concatenated it without any prosody processing. To select the best phone among multiple phone candidates, we used prosodic information such as break strength of word boundaries, phonetic contexts, cepstrum, pitch, energy, and phone duration. From the pilot test, we obtained some positive results.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2006

본 논문은 통계 기반 접근 방식인 HMM(Hidden Markov model)과 생물학의 개체명에 관한 온톨로지 정보를 이용한 생물학 문서에서의 개체명(named entity) 경계 인식 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 31개의 자질 정보를 이용한 평탄화 기법을 사용하며 생물학 개체명의 계층 정보를 이용하여 HMM의 자료 부족 문제를 완화시킬 수 있도록 하였다. 개체명 경계 인식의 학습과 실험을 위하여 GENIA 코퍼스 ver 2.1을 사용하였으며 개체명 경계 인식 실험을 수행한 결과 모든 부류를 사용한 경우보다 정확도 및 실행 속도가 개선됨을 확인하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2013

Previous laboratory studies have shown that prosodic structures are encoded in the modulations of phonetic patterns of speech including suprasegmental as well as segmental features. In particular, effects of prosodic context on duration and intensity of syllables and words have been widely reported. Drawing on prosodically annotated large-scale speech data from the Buckeye corpus of conversational speech of American English, the current study attempted to examine whether and how prosodic prominence and phrase boundary of everyday conversational speech, as determined by a large group of ordinary listeners, are related to the phonetic realization of duration and intensity. The results showed that the patterns of word durations and intensities are influenced by prosodic structure. Closer examinations revealed, however, that the effects of prosodic prominence are not the same as those of prosodic phrase boundary. With regard to intensity measures, the results revealed the systematic changes in the patterns of overall RMS intensity near prosodic phrase boundary but the prominence effects are restricted to the nucleus. In terms of duration measures, both prosodic prominence and phrase boundary are the most closely related to the lengthening of the nucleus. Yet, prosodic prominence is more closely related to the lengthening of the onset while phrase boundary lengthens the coda duration more. The findings from the current study suggest that the phonetic realizations of prosodic prominence are different from those of prosodic phrase boundary, and speakers signal different prosodic structures through deliberate modulations of the internal phonetic structure of words and listeners attend to such phonetic variations.