• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2010

Wood material is positive with the concept of eco-friendly materials. Wood toy preference of foreign brands is also a real problem. Therefore, in this domestic situation on Toys Brand Development, there are many problems yet to be solved. At First, a wood material for toys requires the development of more sophisticated and precision materials. Second, new content, product development and training program development of the toys are needed. Characters and content development time and effort should be invested. In present, Korean brand development of wood toy with educational effects is very important issues as the use of wood to match the low carbon & green growth.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.37-46
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop new application field and obtain the basic data of mixed paper with wood pulp and chitosan fiber for producing functional paper. Two types of wood pulp, such as SwBKP and HwBKP, were mixed with chitosan fiber. Physical and optical properties, water vapor absorption, air permeability, antibacterial activity and ash were measured. And the surface morphology of manufactured paper was observed using SEM. The results are as follows. It was revealed that density, breaking length, burst index, tear index, folding endurance and brightness were reduced but water vapor absorption and air permeability were on the rise in the structural view of SwBKP according to increasing the chitosan fiber ratio. Those HwBKP added chitosan fiber were great not only in the strength but also water vapor absorption and air permeability except for brightness. The water vapor absorption was lower and the air permeability was higher in the HwBKP added various chitosan fiber ratios than those with no chitosan fiber. It is estimated that these properties were related with various mixed rate of chitosan fiber. Particularly, air permeability was strongly dependent on the mixed rate of chitosan fiber. The chitosan fiber has superior antibacterial property, comparing with wood fiber. Adding chitosan fiber to the wood pulp was found to have an excellent antibacterial activity, more than 90%. The ashes were determined within 0.5%. Special bonds between chitosan fiber and wood pulp was observed by SEM and it means that the chitosan fiber were combined equally in the interior of wood pulp. In conclusion, mixing wood pulp with chitosan fiber can not only improves the quality of paper but also extend the usage of paper as a functional paper by using inherent property of chitosan. After all, production of functional paper added chitosan fiber is expected for new valuable industry of paper.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2016

In this study, we separated the lignin from the wood by using the high boiling point solvent for developing more environmental friendly pulping method. High boiling point solvents as Ethers, glycols and ketones were used to remove the lignin in the pine wood meals. The Yield and lignin content of residual wood meals was reduced according to the input of the catalyst. Me-C, E-Ca, TEG and MIBK had the best delignification rate of 9 kinds of high-boiling point solvents. At the hydrolysis ratio of the selected solvents, The TEG was highest remain ratio of carbohydrates and the E-Ca was lowest remain ratio of lignin. And the Me-C was most excellent lignin hydrolysis ratio at the low catalyst. The selectivity of delignification of Me-C, E-Ca, TEG and MIBK solvents were 49.6, 49.9, 53.8 and 53.1%, respectively, and its values were similar to those of the commercial Kraft Pulp.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.591-601
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• 2021

Recently it is trend to increase wood use as carbon neutral materials, there is recognized to need necessarily durability improvement of wooden building. It is very rare to report existing on the identification of isolates causing discoloration in domestic weathered wooden building used for long period. The objective of this study was identification of fungi that cause discoloration on the exteriors of weathered domestic wooden buildings in the southern part of South Korea. Our findings can be helpful to establish protection technology for weather deterioration of domestic wooden buildings. Wood chip samples presumed to be contaminated with sapstain fungi were collected from the surface of wooden members used in wooden buildings at Jangheung, Jeollanam-do (two locations, #13 and #14), and Jeju Island (two locations, #31 and #33). The growth of microorganisms was confirmed by performing culture tests for the collected samples, and fungi were isolated, purified, and identified. The results indicated that the fungal strains isolated from wooden buildings #13 and #14 at Jangheung, Jeollanam-do, were 99.83% and 100% homologous to Aureobasidium melanogenum, respectively. For wooden building #31 at Jeju Island (two locations), the fungal strain isolated was 100% homologous to A. melanogenum, which is the same species isolated from the wooden buildings at Jangheung. The fungal strain isolated from wooden building #33 (Jeju Island) had 99.83% homology with A. pullulans, which is commonly found in wood degraded by weather or ultraviolet rays. Our findings can be utilized as a basis for establishing protection technology in domestic wooden buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.616-642
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• 2021

Improving public awareness of wood is essential for achieving the goal of establishing wood culture by expanding the use of wood. This study presents a basic examination of the strategy of revitalizing wood culture and a survey of its current status and requirements. The survey was divided into seven categories: awareness of wood culture; use characteristics of wood culture; preference and demand for wood culture; awareness of sub-fields of wood culture; awareness of the cultural resources of wood; trends of wood utilization; and wood-related living environment. Based on the survey results, the study analyzed four items: awareness of wood and cultural experience; awareness of the cultural resources of wood; wood-related living environment and trends of wood utilization; and preference and demand for wood culture. In this study, the public awareness of wood and cultural experiences, the first of four items, was analyzed using the survey results. Generally, wood and wood culture are viewed as materials and a cultural heritage, respectively. Moreover, wood is ecofriendly. However, no substantial difference was observed between the two perceptions. Forty-five percent of the respondents reported that using wood exerts a positive effect on the body and mind. However, such use also destroys forests. Additionally, the recognition of wood-related workers, such as engineers or skilled workers, was relatively low compared with educators, such as wood education experts. Moreover, less than 50% of the respondents answered that major projects related to wood culture are well-known, whereas 30% participated in wood education, such as woodworking experience, where the majority required hand tools. Furniture, wooden accessories, and wooden buildings were among the objects that individuals intended to make through the wood culture program. Approximately 23% of the respondents were aware about the wood culture experience center, while approximately 50% had visited it. The response rate to woodworking technology was 73%, where the highest response was found for wood education experts. To improve public awareness about wood, the importance of entertainment factors over educational factors should be considered in the experience of individuals. To provide opportunities to experience wood culture for more individuals, developing and actively promoting various contents, including entertainment elements, are necessary.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.30-34
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• 2014

To apply paper mill sludges to soil as fertilizer, paper mill sludges were investigated to predict suitability and maleficence for soil. Newspaper and Printed Paper sludge were analyzed by IC (Ion Chromatography) and ICP-OES (Induced Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer). As a results, harmful materials in two types of sludges were below standard by notified Ministy of Environment (ME). Also ionic substances causing the water pollution in sludges were less than the standard value by notified ME. Thus sludges from newspaper and printed paper is presumed that there are no water pollution and soil contamination.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.5 s.108
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• pp.69-77
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• 2004

Degradations of pine, yellow poplar and sweet gum by two fungi, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus and Trichophyton rubrum LSK-27 were investigated. P. cinabarinus degraded pine block samples much faster than T rub rum LSK-27, whereas P. cinnabarinus and T rubrum LSK-27 degraded yellow poplar and sweet gum at almost the same rate. In an effort to get a better understanding of how fungi degrade lignin in wood, contents of various functional groups were analyzed. After three-months of degradation of pine flour by these fungi, the following changes were observed: an increase in condensed phenolic OH group and carboxylic acid group content, a decrease in the guaiacyl phenolic OH content, and little change of aliphatic OH group content. Further studies in the degradation of pine flour by P. cinnabarinus indicated that the increase in condensed phenolic OH group content and the decrease in guaiacyl phenolic OH group content occurred in the first month of the degradation. The changes of functional group contents in the degradation of unbleached softwood kraft pulp by P. cinnabarinus had the same trends as those in the degradation of pine flour. That is, structural alteration of lignin due to the kraft pulping process had little effect on how P. cinnabarinus degraded lignin.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.27-33
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• 2011

Hemp bast pulp cooked at temperature below $100^{\circ}C$ followed by defibration by the knife and the valley beater, respectively was mixed with softwood pulp varying the amount of hemp pulp in order to find the optimum condition for making hemp-wood paper. Both the knife and the valley beaters contributed to the dispersion of pulp fiber well. Lots of shives were found when the knife beater was applied exclusively, but the fibers were dispersed well when freeness dropped to 600 mL CSF and 500 mL CSF by the valley beater. Air resistance decreased drastically below 500 mL CSF where rapid disrupture of pulp fiber occurred. As the values for freeness and hemp fiber content increased, so did roughness and bulk. It was apparent that the tear strength of hemp-wood paper was on the rise drastically as hemp fiber content increased. Nevertheless the optimum hemp fiber content of hemp-wood paper would be 20% considering the decrease in both tensile and burst strengths as well as sheet formation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

To investigate natural dyeing properties of bast fiber, properties of pre mordanting dyeing of sappan wood, gardenia and gallnut such as K/S values, developed color, and fastness were evaluated. Silk showed the most increased K/S values by pre mordanting treatment when Fe was uses as a mordant. The optimized amount of Fe was 3%. The colors of sappan wood was a series of YR. After pre mordanting treatment with Fe, the colors of bast fiber of mulberry and silk showed a series of RP, and the color of cotton showed a series of Y. The color of gallnut was a series of Y regardless of pre mordant treatment. Sappon wood (YR), gardenia (Y), and gallnut (Y) showed various colors such as YR, R, and RP, respectively. Sunlight fastness was not improved by pre mordanting treatment. The effect of pre mordanting treatment was not good. Especially the treatment with Al showed poor sunlight fastness.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.257-263
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• 2006

This paper examines the physico-chemical properties and structural features of thio lignin and alcohol lignin preparations extracted from fast-growing poplar wood. The lignin preparations were characterized using UV, IR and alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation methods. The yield was higher in thiolignin due to its preparation from wood under drastic alkaline conditions and almost the total amount of alkaline degraded lignin was precipitated except acid soluble lignin. In case of ethanol lignin, structural modifications were comparatively less and form a cream colored lignin more or less similar to its original natural color. The methoxyl values were higher due to syringyl unit present in hard wood lignin in addition to guaicyl unit present in soft wood. The higher values of methoxyl content of isolated lignin revealed that it was built up of high syringyl units. The elementary analysis, methoxyl group and hydroxyl groups were presented by $C_{9}$ formula indicated that it was made up of phenyl propane monomers. Nitrobenzene oxidation of thio lignin and ethanol lignin yield more or less the chromatograms of similar pattern, except difference in relative percentage. The ultra violet spectra of lignins were quite similar, irrespective of the source and method of isolation. Infrared spectroscopy studies of poplar deltoides, thio and ethanol lignin shown different absorption bands which have been utilized for structural investigations.