• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine the suitability of 3 months old bamboo species of Phyllostachys bambusoides S. et Z., Phyllostachys Pubescens Mazel and Phyllostachys nigra var henonis Stapf as raw materials for the manufacture of strandboard. Total of 108 strandboards were made using urea-formaldehyde resin content level of 12% and one percent of liquid wax emulsion. The strandboard consisted of three layers the top and the bottom layer of which were oriented to the same direction and weighted 25% of the strandboard each. The middle core layer weighed 50% of the board and was perpendicular to the outer top and bottom layers. Analysis was performed to determine the effect of strand lengths and Uowing years of 3 months, 2 years and 3 years on strandboard properties. The physical and mechanical properties of bamboo species and boards were measured and compared to the standard requirements of strandboards. The results are as follows; 1. The more the growing years the higher the density of bamboo. Top part of bamboo indicated higher density value than that of bottom part. 2. Bamboo showed higher static bending strength compared to the main wood species. Longer growing years of bamboo generally inclosed the static tending strength out there were no statistical significancies for Phyllostachys bmbusoides S. et Z. and Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel. 3. Strand length indicated no difference on density and moisture content of strandboard. 5 cm of strand length gave the best static bending strength and internal bonding strength. Bamboo strandboard exhibited lesser extents of thickness swelling than that of CSA standard. 4. 3 months old bamboo gave higher static bending strength of strandboard than those of 2 years and 3 years old bamboo. In case of Phyllostachys nigra var henonis Stapf, 3 months old bamboo indicated higher internal bonding strength than those of 2 years and 3years old bamboo. but in Phyllostachys bambusoides S. et Z., Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel, there were no difference among growing years. Growing years showed no different physical properties of bamboo strandboard.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2011

This study is to suggest versatile chair designs that are organically shaped to take individual orientation. This study intends to provide design method to ensure the face of the chair that contacts the body of its user is transformed flexibly to support the body. The movement of human body is not just a behavior but the ways and tools that reflexively express against external stimuli that are sensed and identified by the person. The versatile chair whose users' sitting position is fixed is made by covering the lump form with a piece of cloth ensuring that the content is firmly fixed and by placing the beads-woven wood fabric according to the shape. And then, it is covered with the external cover. The proposed versatile chair designs assume specific forms as follows: First, it is a versatile chair whose user's sitting position can fix. The organically-shaped form that can accept varying postures is made as a mass, which changes into different shapes when human body touches the form so that users can lie down or sit. Due to such transformation, body posture is determined and individual differences in shape changing are all acceptable. Second, it is a versatile chair that reflects the user's position in a fixed chair, where a cloth-wrapper feature is applied to the form a sifit wrapped postures so that a variety of body postures can be accepted. Finally, a versatile chair that reflects the user's position by changing the shape of is covered with forms so that it will be transformed and used in accordance with situations and chair shapes and reflect multiple shapes including round or square ones.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.80-86
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• 2012

From 1982, the Korean Ministry of Employment and Labor has executed the risk assessment regulation for manufacturing industries. When a manufacturing company install, transfer, or modify the major facilities, the program inspects and verifies safety of the working place to ensure safety against risks. This study performed cost-benefit analysis of the program for the eight industrial categories that were free from the program. The cost-benefit analysis is the basic method to estimate the effect of the policy execution, and used to justify the policy effectiveness. As a result, there is the biggest benefit in the manufacture of basic metal products and then motor vehicles, trailers and semitrailers, other manufacturing, other machinery and equipment, wood products of wood and cork, rubber and plastic products, food products, furniture in order. Thus the hazard prevention program should be applied into the 8 industrial categories in order to strengthen national competitiveness, protect labors's safety, reduce the social cost and improve the welfare.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3 s.131
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Tree-ring chronologies can be used to date historical buildings or furnitures by matching them with chronologies of living trees. Tree-ring dating gives a calendar year to each tree ring and produces the cutting dates of logs or woods. In this study, we intend to extend our tree-ring dating applications to Korean furnitures. As a case study, we examined two traditional furnitures, one cabinet 'Jang' and the other chest, 'Bandaji'. The cutting date of the cabinet woods was A.D. 1839. The date of the outmost ring in the chest was A.D. 1904. Due to no bark present, the cutting date of the chest was only estimated as $1930{\pm}10$ by 'sapwood rings' estimation method. Ring-width pattern of the latter one also indicated that the origin of the chest must be Kangwon province. This case study suggests that tree-ring dating would be a useful and accurate method to identify the critical dates for the chronicles of Korean traditional furnitures.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.99-116
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• 1999

Wooden hollow core flush door is one of the main products of furniture manufacturing and woodworking industries. Warping and buckling of the door is serious problems in service. It has been reported that warping is caused by differences of physical and mechanical properties of face and back of skin panel for the door. This study focused on the prediction of warping and buckling phenomena of the flush door using numerical models. Predictions from the models were also compared with the experimental results obtained from the doors with plywood and hardboard skin panels under various environmental conditions. Three elastic constitutive models, so called elastic beam model, plate model and plate-buckling model, were employed to predict warping and buckling of the doors. It was observed that warping was more pronounced in low humidity condition than in high humidity condition. The plate model considering Poisson's effect was reliable to predict warping more closely than elastic beam model in low humidity condition. The plate-buckling model, however, was the best in the fitting of predictions with the experimental results under high humidity condition because buckling was developed in face and back of skin panel at that condition.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.114-121
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• 2005

Louis 1. Kahn was a wise architect who learned from history. He developed his own unique architecture by combining his creative sense with design principles and vocabularies that can be found in historical architecture. When restricting a space, he surrounded the space with thick walls as it had been done in historical buildings. The interior space encompassed by this method became a center-oriented and stable space. The objective of this study is to find the characteristics of Kahn's interior spaces by analyzing his projects in terms of space, form, daylight and materials. For this purpose, five works that are considered to have significance from the aspect of interior design were selected and analyzed. The characteristics realized through this study are as follows. A) Spatial features: 1) Generally speaking, each required space has been arranged symmetrically. 2) Being clearly defined as the main space, the subsidiary space, or the service space, each space also was placed very functionally. 3) The space encompassed by thick walls became a center-oriented, stable space. And in most case, it was characterized as a dark space. B) Formative features: 4) The space was defined as a basic solid such as a cylinder, a hexahedron, and an octagonal box, and was developed into a complex shape by the recessed windows. 5) Historical vocabularies such as an arch, a vault, and a dome were reinterpreted in new ways by kahn's own eyes. 6) Haying diverse shapes, the skylights enrich the space in terms of form. C) Daylight feature: 7) The vertical light entering through the skylights creates a solemn and mysterious atmosphere. 8) Given the shadows from the windows that change according to time, the interior space becomes a very vivid space. D) Material feature: 9) Harmonized with cold and smooth materials such as exposed concrete, metal, and glass, the interior space provides a modern atmosphere. 10) Warm appearing wood was used for furniture and part of walls or floors. The effective use of wood takes on a role that is quite complementary to the cold ambience of the smooth and cold materials. 11) With flexibility In building shapes, the concrete becomes the form-endowing materials.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.81-90
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• 1999

This study investigated the present traditional Korean farmhouse based on a survey of 30 households from Oiam-Ri folk Village in Chung-Nam Province. This study was primarily concerned with the present housing; the size and plan of the house, lighting and heating, the finishing materials of anbang(the master's bedroom or ondol) and the kinds of fumiture. I was also interested in identifying the socio-demographic and physical variables that influenced the housing, both the ordinary farm households and the descendent of nobility households. Bibliographical studies, cultural approaches, field surveys with tape recordings, and questionnaires were used to collect the data. The results showed that the types of house plans were mixed from the southern region(one-line type) and middle region(courtyard type). The heating system and the fuel for the ondol anbang has changed entirely from wood burning system to oil boiler system. The finishing material of the anbang floor changed from traditional oil paper and straw mats to vinyl flooring. Traditional fumiture and small decor items are disappearing and are being replaced by modem items, but the descendents of the nobility household kept many traditional type of fumiture and small decor items.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.156-163
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• 2009

Retail space itself could be one of the marketing strategies, through creating space, and communicating brand identity. Especially for innovative products, such as mobile technology products, store is not just to sell products but to provide experiences so that users can fudge usefulness of products and reduce uncertainties to adopt the products. The purpose of this study is to investigate how environmental features and physical artifacts contribute to promote experiences of innovative products in stores and how physical environment help to establish brand identity. For this study, site visits, observation, and literature review were conducted. For case studies, three retail spaces (Apple, Iriver, Sony) and one service space(TTL) were selected. Compared to the service space, three retail spaces have more transparent and open store front design characteristics. For the experiences of shoppers, products displayed in a radial shape, round shape, column shape, and around peripherals of the stores. A service oriented space, TTL zone is differentiated from three retail spaces in terms of layout, store front design, and experience areas. Compared to the traditional stores selling innovative products, the case stores showed more warm atmosphere using various shape, wood materials, lighting fixtures and furniture.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.188-196
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to identify the design characteristics of space components observed in Malaysian hotel lobbies. For this study, we conducted a case study on the facades and indoor space components of 15 hotel lobbies in Langkawi and Penang, and drew conclusions as follows. First, designs found in the facades and indoor space components of Malaysian hotel lobbies reflected all of traditional and colonial styles, religious styles including Islamic, and contemporary styles. Second, traditional designs showed rather the modernization of traditions than the preservation of traditions. Particularly in ceilings, walls and windows/doors, conservative or progressive modemization was observed frequently. Third, contemporary designs were mostly formative modernization, and materials and colors still adhered to traditions and nature. Fourth, in applied furniture, traditional wood sculptures were mixed or traditional material rattarn(stems of climbing palms) was utilized actively. Fourth, a large number of designs symbolized the Malaysian first religion Islam. Summing up these results, the common point of designs observed in the facades and indoor space components of Malaysian hotel lobbies was that they were transformed into Malaysian style regardless of whether they were traditional or colonial.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2021

Modern distance sensing methods employ various measurement principles, including triangulation, time-of-flight, confocal, interferometric and frequency comb. Among them, the triangulation method, with a laser light source and an image sensor, is widely used in low-cost applications. We developed an omnidirectional two-dimensional (2D) distance sensor based on the triangulation principle for indoor floor mapping applications. The sensor has a range of 150-1500 mm with a relative resolution better than 4% over the range and 1% at 1 meter distance. It rotationally scans a compact one-dimensional (1D) distance sensor, composed of a near infrared (NIR) laser diode, a folding mirror, an imaging lens, and an image detector. We designed the sensor layout and configuration to satisfy the required measurement range and resolution, selecting easily available components in a special effort to reduce cost. We built a prototype and tested it with seven representative indoor wall specimens (white wallpaper, gray wallpaper, black wallpaper, furniture wood, black leather, brown leather, and white plastic) in a typical indoor illuminated condition, 200 lux, on a floor under ceiling mounted fluorescent lamps. We confirmed the proposed sensor provided reliable distance reading of all the specimens over the required measurement range (150-1500 mm) with a measurement resolution of 4% overall and 1% at 1 meter, regardless of illumination conditions.