• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2009

The rice hull could be the one of the most abundant agricultural waste in Korea. Since the efficient utilization of agricultural waste or byproducts of food industry would be critical for the sustainable growth, this study conducted the investigation of the chemical composition and the morphological properties of rice hull and rice hull fiber. It was found that there was big difference between the outer surface and the inner surface in the chemical composition and the morphological properties. Expecially, the outer surface showed the rugged patterns in which most of silica of rice hull existed. Little or no silica was found in the inner surface and rice hull fiber. The average fiber length of rice hull fiber was 0.45mm which was shorter than that of hardwood fiber. Rice hull fiber showed a round long shape which is typical shape of non-wood fibers

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2020

While the utilization of wood as a raw material in related industries has been increasing with the population increasing, the availability of wood from natural forests has continued to decline. An alternative to this situation is the manufacture of particleboard from non-wood lignocellulose materials through the modification of sandwich particleboard (SPb) using bamboo strands as reinforcement. In this study, strandsof belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens W) and tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) were utilized. The non-wood particles included sugar palm fibers, cornstalk, and sugarcane bagasse. The board was made in a three-layer composition of the face, back, and core in a ratio of 1: 2: 1. The binder used was 8% isocyanate resin. The sheet was pressed at a temperature of 160℃ for 5 min under a pressure of 3.0 N/㎟. Testing included physical and mechanical properties based on the JIS A 5908 (2003) standard, while acoustic testing was based on ISO 11654 (1997) standards. The results showed that using bamboo strands as reinforcement has an effect on the mechanical and physical properties of SPb. Almost all the types of boards met the JIS A 5908 (2003) standards, with the exception of thickness swelling (TS) and internal bond (IB) parameters. Based on the thickness swelling parameter, the C-type board exhibited the best properties. Overall, the B-type board thatused a belangke bamboo strand for the surface and sugarcane bagasse as the core underwent the best treatment. Based on the acoustical parameter, boards using a tali bamboo strand for the surface and sugar palm fiber as the core (E-type board) exhibited good sound absorption properties.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

두 종류의 천연섬유, 즉 면섬유와 목분을 이용하여 제조한 폴리프로필렌 - 천연섬유 복합재료의 혼합가공시 유변학적 특성과 열적특성에 미치는 상용화제의 영향을 고찰하였다. 상용화제로는 무수말레인산이 그래프팅된 폴리프로필렌 공중합체를 사용하였다. 천연섬유의 종류에 관계없이 상용화제를 첨가할 때, 전반적으로 상용화제의 함량이 증가함에 따라 토오크 값이 상승함이 확인되었다. 또한, 시차 주사 열량계(DSC)와 X선 회절분석(XRD)을 통해 상용화제의 첨가시 복합재료의 결정화도가 약간 상승함이 확인되었다. 섬유의 종류에 따른 영향은 거의 관찰되지 않았으나, 혼합시 유변학적 물성, DSC 및 XRD 결과에 의하면, 면섬유의 경우가 목분보다는 PP-g-MAH와 더 나은 상호작용을 보이는 것으로 생각된다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

In-situ $CaCO_3$ formation on recycled wood pulp was studied to improve optical property and filler attachment to the fiber furnish in papermaking. We tried to attach calcium oxide (CaO) to the recycled fibers, old newspaper (ONP) in this case, by using selected polymers before in-situ $CaCO_3$ formation reaction on fibers, and then, $CO_2$ was injected to the furnish until all the CaO on fiber surfaces was consumed. It was found that the attachment of newly formed $CaCO_3$ to recycled fibers became stronger by attaching CaO to the fibers before in-situ $CaCO_3$ formation reaction. It was expected that the polymers used for the attachment of calcium source to the fiber furnishes helped to keep the newly formed $CaCO_3$ strongly attached to the fiber surface as well as to retain the impurities associated with calcium source and recycled fibers, if any. In-situ $CaCO_3$ formation gave higher brightness and much less ERIC value in ONP sheet than the case when the equivalent amount of GCC was added to the furnish.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2000

In order to investigate the applicability of lyocell fiber to filter paper, papper sheets were manufactured with the addition of lyocell fibers in various length(1.5 denier: 2, 3, 4mm) and content(10, 30, 50%) and their physical characters, such as fibrilation rate, adsorption efficiency of methylene blue(MB), paper formation, and crimping ability, etc, were tested. The level of main fibrilation from lyocell fiber was higher in wet beating process than that in free beating because of the higher strength of lyocell fiber compared with wood fiber. Fibrilation could be observed at the degree of beating over 30$^{\circ}$ SR in wet beating with Valley beater. The air permeability and tear factor of the paper increased and the paper formation index decreased according to the increase of fiber length. The weak binding force of lyocell fiber in spite of its higher fiber strength, might be a limitng factor in addition of lyocell fiber to the natural wood pulp in manufacturing the paper having the needed physical properties. High contents of wood pulp decreased air permeability, the breaking length, tear factor, the bursting strength, and paper formation index in paper sheets. As the contents of lyocell increased from 10% to 100%, the adsorption efficiency of MB was elevated to 1.7-7.9 times compared with that in 100% wood pulp. But the length of lyocell fiber did not affect the MB adsorption.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

Corn stalk is the lignocellulosic biomass, which remain as leftover after harvesting. To use the corn stalk as raw material for paper industry, soda pulping was applied. In chemical compositional analysis, extractive contents of corn stalk (45.1%) was higher than hardwood. With corn stalk pith, soda pulp yield was 25.3% at 10.6 Kappa number, but 39.5% yield with 14.8 Kappa number for corn stalk rind. Higher extractives content in pith is one of the reason for lower pulp yield than rind. Pith pulp fibers had higher fines content than rind pulp. Pith parenchyma cell was removed as fines during pulping or washing process, which caused the lower yield. To use the corn stalks as a raw material for paper making, de-pith process is essential for higher pulp yield and longer pulp length.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2004

The present work was undertaken to investigate the anatomical and chemical characteristics of transgenic poplar down-regulated with antisense OMT gene. Also the distribution of lignin in transgenic poplar trees was investigated at cellular level. No visible abnormal phenotype was observed in the fibers and vessel elements of transgenic poplar. Any marked differences in the staining intensities of Wiesner and Mäule color reaction were not identified in the transgenic poplar. TEM micrographs did not show any staining intensities in the cell walls stained with KMnO₄. Interestingly, the UV spectroscopy of semi-thin sections exhibited a distinct decrease of lignin absorption at 280 nm in the vessel walls, indicating transgenic poplar wood with lower amount of guaiacyl lignin in vessel elements. Chemical composition of antisense OMT poplar was almost identical to that of wild-type poplar. Klason lignin content of transgenic poplar did not show any significant difference from that of the controls. The solid state NMR spectra revealed the transgenic poplar with only slightly more syringyl lignin than the control. The present work showed that antisense OMT gene constructed in the poplar was not enough to reduce the overall content of Klason lignin, and suggested that the expression of transformation was confined to vessel walls.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the pulping and papermaking characteristics of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) leafstalk for the development of high performance paper. Anatomical and chemical properties of the lotus leafstalk were analyzed. The pulping and papermaking properties of the lotus leafstalk by conventional alkali and sulfomethylated pulping processes were also evaluated. The length and width of fibers were 0.06-3.32 mm (av. 1.23 mm) and 3.47-25.6 ${\mu}m$ (av. 20.7 ${\mu}m$), respectively. The length and width of vessel elements were 0.07-0.78 mm (av. 0.20 mm) and 14.1-330.0 ${\mu}m$ (av. 54.13 ${\mu}m$), respectively. The fiber length/fiber width ratio was 60.20. The extractives (cold water, hot water, 1% NaOH and ethanol-benzene) and lignin content of lotus leafstalk were higher than those of plant bast fiber. The contents of holocellulose, lignin, and ash were 73.8%, 24.3%, and 4.3%, respectively. The pulp yields based on pulping methods were sulfomethylated pulping av. 52%, and alkaline pulping av. 42%. The conventional alkaline pulping shows better pulp and sheet properties than the sulfomethylated pulping which was modified pulping processes. But the sulfomethylated pulping shows higher brightness than alkali pulping. In the consequence of FE-SEM observation, lotus leafstalk pulp consists of various kinds of thin walled fibers which have large amount of small pits.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

생장속도가 빨라서 단위면적당 Biomass의 생산량이 많은 어저귀(Indian mallow, Abutilon avicennae G.)를 원료로 하여 펄프화하였으며, 제조한 한지의 물리적·기계적·현미경적 특성에 관하여 비교 검토하였다. 제조한 한지의 특성을 살펴보면 광학적, 강도적, 현미경적인 특성에서 설포메틸 펄프화법이 우수한 결과를 나타냈고, 장섬유인 인피부 펄프에 대한 단섬유인 목질부 펄프의 혼입량 증가에 따른 변화에 있어 지질(밀도, 백색도, 불투명도, 지합)의 변화는 점차 증가했으나, 강도는 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2006

목재의 탄화기구를 이해하기 위하여 굴참나무재를 사용하여 $250{\sim}740^{\circ}C$의 온도조건에서 탄화하였다. 탄화온도가 높아질수록 시험체의 부피는 수축하였고, 방사 방향으로 할렬이 발생하였다. 탄화온도가 증가함에 따라 목탄의 중량감소율은 증가되었으며, 특히 탄화온도 $300{\sim}340^{\circ}C$에서 급격히 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 목재의 도관은 탄화 시 방사방향보다 접선방향으로 매우 크게 수축하였다. 탄화온도 $250{\sim}300^{\circ}C$의 경우, 목섬유나 도관 주위의 유세포들이 탄화되지 않은 세포벽 형태를 보여주었다. 그러나 탄화온도 $340^{\circ}C$이상에서는 세포벽층이 매끄러운 비결정형인 목탄의 형태가 관찰되기 시작하였다. 탄화온도 $300^{\circ}C$까지는 목재 셀룰로오스의 결정성이 남아있었으나 $340^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 비결정성으로 변화되고 있는 것이 관찰되었다.