• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 노니(Morinda citrifolia, MC)의 항산화력, 세포독성, 항노화 효과 등 생리활성을 규명하여 화장품 제제로써의 응용 가능성을 연구해 보고자 하였다. 노니는 열대성 식물로서 2000년 넘게 폴리네시아인들의 식량과 민간요법제로 사용되어 왔으며 항균성, 항암, 항염증, 면역력을 높일 수 있다고 보고되고 있다. DPPH 소거능에 대한 in vitro 노니 추출물의 항산화 활성은 총 폴리페놀 함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량 측정을 통하여 알아보았다. 항노화 작용에서 HDF 세포에 대한 세포독성이 없음을 확인하였고, $50{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$ 이상의 노니 추출물 첨가 시 MMP-1 발현이 뚜렷이 감소되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 in vivo 실험에서는 노니 추출물을 함유한 크림을 제조하여 30 ~ 50대 여성 22명을 대상으로 4주간 아침 저녁으로 도포하게 한 후 각질함량, 멜라닌 지수, 모공수, 피부색상 및 눈밑 주름수의 변화를 비교 측정하였다. 그 결과로 각질함량은 대조군 그룹(control group)에서는 다소 증가한 반면에 노니 함유 크림 그룹(experimental group)에서는 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 눈밑 주름수의 변화에서 노니 함유 크림 그룹에서만 제품 사용 4주후 주름수가 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 노니 추출물은 많은 MMP-1 발현 메커니즘을 제한하며, 천연 항노화 화장품 제제로서 고무적인 가능성을 기대해 보고자 한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to how the music therapy effects to older person's self-esteem feeling and a emotional mood improvement after reminiscence therapy through songs. The object of this research were 10 old men and women, age of 67 to 90 with dementia, and mental and physical dysfunction, but can be self-walking and the stool was made up in social welfare center in the Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-city, The experiment of the research was done from June 18th until July 18th, week 2 each 50 minutes the total 12 times. This study was an experiment, the treatment of a same group before and after treatment. Before the first session I check the self-esteem and emotional mood. And after the final 12th session, post-therapy examination was conducted the same tests. The tools of Self-esteem test is the self-esteem scale developed by Rosenberg(1965) and Jun Byung-se(1974), which was translated. Emotional state check tools developed by MoNair(1992), which was translated by Yun Jae-ryang, and it can also apply to the Korean older person has been modified by Shin yon-hee. The results of changing mood state to 3 factors are as follows: The score of anxiety-depression factor changes from 50.42($\pm$14.15) to 35.10($\pm$10.60), and this is statistically significant.(p<.05). The score of anger factor changes from 11.20($\pm$4.39) to 6.90($\pm$2.51), and this is statistically significant.(p<.01). The score of vitality factor Changes from 30.00($\pm$4.27) to 23.90($\pm$5.09), and this is Statistically significant.(p<.05). For this research, I selected older person's favorite songs which have a positive lyrics and bright melody. And This has significance in terms give positive effects to older person's emotion which influence on their self-esteem and better mood positively. In the clinical treatment for the elderly to improve the positive sentiment and give practical assistance on the basis of this research is done to the future, And I look forward to the future development of a variety of music therapy.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2016

Objective: The visually impaired have limited access to health care services and related information, and thus, they can have serious hurdles against properly taking medications. Despite that it is important to improve self-care ability of the visually impaired for correct medication use, there have been few studies investigating their needs for health care services in Korea, particularly focusing on proper medication usage. This study is to explore safety-related issues regarding mediation usage among the visually impaired based on in-depth interview. We particularly focus on any obstacles for safe use of medicines including experience on medication-related adverse effects in order to provide preliminary evidence for policy measures to improve proper medication use among the visually impaired. Methods: Study sample was visually impaired individuals who resided in Seoul area and were registered in the National Association of Visually Impaired. The association helped the process of recruiting the study participants. In-depth interview for each study participants was conducted. Each interview was recorded and later converted into a written script to extract core contents for the analysis. Results: The study participants comprised of three women (42.9%) and four men (57.1%). One was in his 20's, and there were four participants in 30's and two in 40's. Fully impaired participants were majority (5 out of 7). Limitation to physical access to health care providers and health information were the key factors to hamper safe medication utilization among the study participants. Difficulty reading medication information and may take the wrong medication or incorrect doses of medication, resulting in serious consequences, including overdose or inadequate treatment of health problems. Visually impaired patients report increased anxiety related to medication management and must rely on others to obtain necessary drug information. Pharmacists have a unique opportunity to pursue accurate medication adherence in this special population. This article reviews literature illustrating how severe medication mismanagement can occur in the visually impaired elderly and presents resources and solutions for pharmacists to take a larger role in adherence management in this population. Conclusion: The visually impaired had difficulties reading medication information and identifying medicines, and took incorrect doses of medications. Public support for safe medication use and medication management among the visually impaired is necessary.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.523-534
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• 2007

This study is an analysis of types of patients and distribution of implant site and survival rate of $Xive^{(R)}$ implant. The following results on patient type, implant distribution and survival rate were compiled from 324 implant cases of 140 patients treated at the periodontal dept. of Yonsei University Hospital and G dental clinic between February 2003 and April 2006. 1. There are no dissimilarities between men and women, with patients in their 30, 40, 50s accounting for 80% of patients and accounted for 82% of implant treatments; the largest share of patients and implant treatments. 2. Mn, posterior area. accounted for 57% of implant treatments followed by Mx. posterior area(29%), Mx, anterior area(8%) and Mn, anterior area(6%). 3. Partial edentulous patients treated by single crown and bridge-type prosthesis accounted for 96% and fully edentulous patient accounted for the remaining 4%. 4. The major cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease, followed by dental canes, trauma and congenital missing. 5, The distribution of bone quality for maxillae was 54,2% for type III, followed by 30.8% for type II, 15% for type IV and 0% for type I. As for mandible, the distribution was 63% for type II, followed by 34% for type III, 2,5% for type I and 0,5% for type IV. 6. The distribution of bone quantity for maxillae was 55% for type C, followed by 35% for type B, 8% for type D and 2% for type A. As for mandible, the distribution was 60% for type B, followed by 32% for type C, 7% for type A and 0% for type D. 7. The majority of implants were those of 9.5-13 mm in length(95%) and regular diameter in width(82%). 8. The total survival rate was 98%. The survival rate was 97% in the maxillae region and 99% in the mandible region. 9. The survival rate in type I was 83%, in type II was 99%, in type III was 97% and in type IV was 100%. As for the bone quantity, the survival rate in type A and D(100%) was most, followed by type B(99%) and type C(96%). The results showed that $Xive^{(R)}$ implant could be used satisfactorily compare for the other implant system. But we most to approach carefully in certain extreme condition especially with poor bone quality and quantity.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of aroma therapy on anxiety and pain before and after tooth extraction. The subjects in this study were 60 patients who felt severe anxiety and pain due to tooth extraction. The experiment was conducted from January through March, 2004, by organizing an experimental group and a control group with 30 patients each. The experimental group was asked to keep wearing lavender-containing necklaces from two days before tooth extraction to inhale lavender, and no such an action was taken to the control group. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 program to obtain statistical data. and ${\times}2$ test and t-test were implemented. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Regarding whether or not the experimental and control groups were homogeneous, men outnumbered women, and the largest number of the patients were in their 30s. Those who were married were more than the others who were unmarried in number, and those who lived with their spouses under the same roof together outnumbered the others who didn't, as the rate of the former stood at 65 percent in the experimental group and 86.4 percent in the control group. They expressed high satisfaction at their spouses, since 45 percent of the experimental group and 31 percent of the control group did it, but the difference between them and those who were unsatisfied was insignificant (pE0.347). By occupation, the largest number of people in the experimental group, which numbered 16.7 percent, were self-employed, and lots of patients in the control group were government workers. As for blood type, type A was most prevailing, which recorded 43.3 percent. By religion, 43 percent of the experimental group had no religion, whereas 36.7 percent of the control group were Christian. The most common monthly income ranged from 2 million to 2.5 million won. 2. There was little disparity in past pain experience between the two groups before aroma therapy was applied. The experimental group underwent more pain (6.15) than the control group (5.78), but the difference wasn't significant. The experimental group (90%) experienced more anxiety and fear than the control group(83%), but the difference was insignificant. This fact showed that there was little gap between the two groups in anxiety and fear caused by tooth extraction. Contrary to earlier expectation that pre-anxiety might not be the same. little significant difference was found. 3. After aroma therapy was applied, 50 percent of the experimental group and 23.3 percent of the control group suffered significantly less anxiety and fear about tooth extraction(${\times}2$=4.59, pE.05). And the experimental group exposed to aroma therapy was less nervous(3.0) than the control group(4.39), and the gap between the two was significant (t=13.37, pE.001). Therefore, aroma therapy had a good effect on alleviating their anxiety. During tooth extraction. 73.3 percent of the experimental group and 93.3 percent of the control group felt pain. The former group suffered Significantly less pain(${\times}2$=4.32, PE.05). Concerning the extent of pain, the experimental group(2.53) found it less painful to have their teeth extracted than the control group(5.50), and the gap between the two was significant(t=5.89, PE.05). 4. As to the effect of aroma therapy on alleviating anxiety or fear, the experimental group(33.3%) felt that aroma therapy let them more relieved. Every member of that group was willing to use aroma therapy again in the future, and 86.7 percent of that group perceived that aroma therapy made a difference to dental treatment. The experimental group responded to aroma therapy favorably, as every member of it had an intention to advise others to use that therapy.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.533-541
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• 2004

아토피 피부염은 다른 말로 태열이라고도 하며, 유아 시기에서부터 성인까지 광범위한 연령층에 병변의 특징적인 분포 그리고 개인적 혹은 가족적인 병력을 가진 특히 유전적 소인을 보이는 질환으로 심한 가려움증과 건조증 등을 동반하는 일종의 재발성, 만성의 알레르기성 습진을 말한다. 그 유병율은 매우 흔하여 어린이의 약 $9~12\%$ 에서발생한다. 그러나 최근에는 사회 자연환경의 변화와 음식문화의 변화, 삶의 방식의 변화에 의해서 계속 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 인간의 피부는 외부 환경으로부터의 물리적, 화학적 자극에 대한 장벽기능의 역할을 하는데 아토피 피부염 환자의 피부는 각질층에서의 피부 장벽기능 및 수분유지 기능이 감소되어 있고 이러한 기능 장애의 원인으로 최근 연구에 의하면 세라마이드의 감소에 따른 것으로 밝혀지고 있다. 세라마이드는 스핑고신에 지방산이 연결되어 있는 구조를 가지고 있는 스핑고 지질의 일종이다. 세라마이드는 피부 각질층을 구성하는 각질세포간 지질 중 약 $40\%$를 차지하며, 수분 증발을 억제하는 지질 방어벽 역할과 각질층의 정연한 구조를 유지하게 하는 기능을 가지고 있다. 피부 각질층은 각화된 세포가 벽돌모양의 다층 구조로 구성되어 있으며 이러한 각화세포는 세라마이드, 콜레스테롤, 유리 지방산에 의해 견고히 결합되어 있다 따라서 이 세라마이드가 함유된 크림이나 연고를 아토피 피부염 환자에 도포함으로써 환자의 피부 장벽기능의 복구에 도움을 주어 아토피 피부염을 치료할 수 있다는 보고가 있다. 본 연구는 아토피 피부염 전용화장품으로서 아토피 피부에서 피부장벽을 복구하는데 기여한다고 증명된 각질 세포간 지질 성분들(세라마이드, 콜레스테롤, 유리지방산)을 포함하는 유액제품과 피부 면역조절과 항 염증 효과가 있다고 보고된 베타글루칸, 신이화 추출물 감초 추출물 등을 포함하는 세럼형태의 액상제품으로 구성된 두 가지 제품을 아토피 피부염 환자에게 도포하게 하여 그 제품의 안전성과 유효성을 확인하여 보았다. 그리고 그 제품이 새로운 시장인 아토피 피부염 전용 보습화장품으로서의 시장진입 가능성을 확인하여 보았다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2021

Purpose: Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely available drug responsible for a large part of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in developed countries. Although acetaminophen overdose cases in Korea are being continuously reported, there are no reports related to the level of this drug in the patient's blood or of laboratory analysis at emergency departments (ED). This study sought to analyze the acetaminophen overdose cases at a toxicological laboratory and to survey APAP analysis services offered at select EDs. Methods: We analyzed the demographic and analytic data at a toxicological laboratory run by the National Emergency Medical Center (NMC) in 2019-2020. We surveyed the APAP laboratory service in the 38 regional emergency medical centers (EMCs) and 68 local EMCs near the toxicological laboratory. Results: We studied 175 acute poisoning cases (112 women) with positive blood APAP results (mean age 47.0±24.1 years). Suicide attempts comprised 40.0% of the cases and 30.3% APAP overdose events. In the univariate analysis, we observed that patients were significantly younger, with fewer underlying medical diseases. There were a higher number of APAP overdose events, more favorable initial mental status, more toxic quantity intake in the above treatment line group (p<0.05), In multivariate analysis, the toxic amount intake was significantly more frequent in the above treatment line group (p<0.01). Hospital APAP analysis services were available in six EMCs (3/38 regional and 3/68 local). The hospital blood APAP level reporting intervals were shorter than outside-hospital laboratory services (p<0.01, regional 7.0±3.0 vs. 40.6±27.5, local 5.3±3.1 vs. 57.9±45.1 hours). The NMC toxicological laboratory reporting interval was shorter than the other outside-hospital laboratories (p<0.01, regional 5.7±0.6 vs. 50.2±22.7 local 7.5±3.0 vs. 70.5±41.5 hours). Conclusion: Over the treatment line group, toxic amount intake was significantly more frequent. Only six of 106 EMCs have their own APAP analysis service in their hospitals.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the pattern of regimens prescribed for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease in a regional community hospital. 226 patients were treated as an outpatient and followed for one year. 88 patients $(38.9\%)$ had gastric ulcer (GU) alone, 6 patients $(2.7\%)$ had duodenal ulcer (DV) alone, 5 patients $(2.2\%)$ had gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) alone, 25 patients $(11.1\%)$ had both GU and DU, 88 patients $(38.9\%)$ had both GU and GERD, and 14 patients $(6.2\%)$ had both DU and GERD. During this study period no one was treated for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. The disease showed higher occurrence in male population (139 patients, $61.5\%$) and among the ages of 30 and 40 $(62.4\%)$. The average age of these patients was 41.3 years and there was no difference between the genders. $81.4\%$ of these patients underwent CLO test to check for the existence of Helicobacter and $66.3\%$ of these Patients showed the positive response. $65.6\%$ of patients with GU and $80\%$ of patients with DU showed the positive response and there was no difference between the genders $(65.4\%\;vs.\;67.6\%)$. 184 patients $(81.4\%)$ were deemed to be cured based on the disappearance of their symptoms after completing the regimens. Compliance rate did not differ for gender or different diseases, while showing a difference in age. Patients between the ages of 20 to 30 years old showed the worst compliance rate. In addition, the compliance was lower among the patients who had previous occurrence of the disease, and this was more evident among female patients. Although 184 patients out of the total 226 patients were deemed to be cured, 36 patients $(20.65\%)$ of these returned to the hospital for relapsed diseases within one year. The factors that affected for patients to relapse were the diseases accompanied by ulcer and social environments, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and previous history of the diseases (smoking P<0.001, alcohol consumption P<0.02, previous history of disease P<0.05). The regimen using $H_2$ receptor antagonists+tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate+clarithromycin showed the lower rate of relapse, and the regimens of omeprazole (OMP)+amoxicillin+tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate and OMP+amoxicillin+metronidazole showed better compliance rate. Patient education by pharmacists on the importance of compliance to regimens and the risk factors fer relapse can provide a better patient care. This would ultimately result in more cost-effective treatments by preventing additional cost for treating relapsed symptoms in approximately $20\%$ of patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1974

Data from this study support the View that the following factors are not sufficiently important in Korea to invalidate the relationships observed between age of marriage and fertility: (1) Premarital pregnancy and common law marriage, (2) shortening of birth intervals in late marriages, (3) adverse effects of very eary marriage in reproductive capacity, and (4) postponement of first pregnancy among early marriages. Thirteen variables which were considered to be potential predictors of fertility were studied to determine their influence on three indices of fertility. Age of marriage and family planning praetice are the strongest predictors and account for about 10% and 7% of the total variance, respectively. Seven other factors each account for an intermediate amount of variability; these are ideal number of children, rural versus urban study area, education, aspiration for daughter, index of exposure to mass media, economic index of respondent's home at survey, and residence before marriage. The remaining variables have no consistently significant relationship to fertility. Most of the relationships appear to be stable and consistent over time; others appear to be changing. The latter group include those variables which are associated with modernization indices of family planning practice, mass media exposure. and aspiration for daughters. Thus, the index of family planning practice is of limited significance for the $40{\sim}49$ age group but is the most important variable for the $20{\sim}29$ year women. The relationship is a direct one for the two age groups between 30 and 49 years which suggests that these groups already had high fertility when family planning services became available and that this high fertility then became an inducement to acccept contraception. The pattern of relationship is not yet clear for the $20{\sim}29$ year group. Similar interactions are observed for the other indices of modernity and are discussed. The thirteen variables together can account for a maximum of about 40% of the variance in the number of live births in the age group $30{\sim}39$, and for lesser amounts of variance in other age and fertility groupings.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 성격 5요인 (외향성, 개방성, 친화성, 성실성, 신경증)에 따른 식습관, 건강관련행태의 관련성을 파악하기 위하여 경기도 성남지역 대학생 남녀 337명을 대상으로 NEO 성격검사 (NEO-II test)를 실시하고 식습관 및 건강관련행태를 조사하여 비교분석하였다. 조사대상자의 일반사항은 전체 337명중 남자 133명, 여자 204명이었으며, 연령은 남자의 경우 평균 21세, 여자의 경우 평균 20세이었다. 조사대상자의 성격요인별 점수를 분석한 결과 남자의 경우 여자에 비해서 외향성, 개방성, 친화성, 성실성 점수가 더 높았고, 여자는 신경증의 점수가 더 높게 나타났다. 조사대상자의 식습관에 영향을 미치는 성격요인을 분석한 결과 남자의 경우 외향성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 인스턴트·패스트푸드 섭취는 0.20(95% CI, 0.06-0.66), 채소반찬은 3.02 (95% CI, 1.05-8.64)이었으며, 친화성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해서 과일 섭취는 0.29 (95% CI, 0.10-0.84)으로 나타났다. 남자의 경우 신경증 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 고콜레스테롤 음식 섭취는 3.03 (95% CI, 1.06-8.67)로 분석되었다. 여자의 경우 개방성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 탄 생선·고기 섭취는 4.99 (95% CI, 1.57-15.81), 동물성 지방의 섭취는 0.30 (95% CI, 0.13-0.68)이었으며, 음식 섭취시 영양적 균형 고려는 3.16 (95% CI, 1.24-8.01)로 나타났다. 여자의 경우 성실성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해서 탄 생선·고기 섭취는 0.35 (95% CI, 0.13-0.89)이었으며, 음식 섭취시 영양적 균형성을 고려하는 정도는 2.72 (95% CI, 1.01-7.33)으로 분석되었다. 조사대상자의 건강관련행태에 영향을 미치는 각 성격요인을 분석한 결과, 남자의 경우 개방성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 신체활동은 3.04 (95% CI, 1.36-6.79)이었으며, 신경증 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 흡연은 4.82 (95% CI, 1.90-12.22), 충분한 수면 정도는 0.33(95% CI, 0.13-0.85)으로 분석되었다. 여자의 경우 외향성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해서 흡연은 4.00 (95% CI, 1.25-12.83)이었으며, 친화성 점수가 높은 사람이 낮은 사람에 비해 신체활동은 3.04 (95% CI, 1.04-8.81)으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 성별로 성격요인에 따라 식습관, 건강관련행태의 차이를 보였으며, 일부 성격요인별 식습관의 분석결과에서는 외국의 연구결과와 상이하게 나타났다. 따라서 개인 성격특성을 반영한 맞춤형 영양상담이 되기 위해서는 보다 많은 국내 표본을 대상으로 연구결과의 축적이 요구되는 바이다.