• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.180-183
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• 2018

Fecal sites of the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans were found in the 16 tree species, and 11 species (46.4%) of them were used as fecal sites in winter and only 3 tree species (5.6%) were used for their fecal dropping in summer. In winter and spring, 11 and 10 tree species were used as fecal sites, respectively, indicating that various species of trees are used in those seasons for food sources or resting sites of the flying squirrels. Of total 16 species, the flying squirrels' fecal sites were most frequently found in Quercus mongolica (46.4%) and then followed by Prunus sargentii (25.6%). In winter, Prunus sargentii was preferred more than Quercus mongolica, although trees of Prunus sargentii are less distributed compared with those of various trees of the genus Quercus. In summer and autumn, high productivity of trees makes the flying squirrels use only one or two species they prefer. In winter and spring, however, they should extend their food source to various tree species because of low productivity and less food sources.

• 조경수
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• 통권143호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

The demand for public bicycles operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Government is increasing every year. The size of the Seoul public bicycle project, which first started with about 5,600 units, increased to 3,7500 units as of September 2021, and the number of members is also increasing every year. However, as the size of the project grows, excessive budget spending and deficit problems are emerging for public bicycle projects, and new bicycles, rental office costs, and bicycle maintenance costs are blamed for the deficit. In this paper, the Azure Machine Learning Studio program and the Boosted Decision Tree Regression technique are used to predict the number of public bicycle rental over environmental factors and time. Predicted results it was confirmed that the demand for public bicycles was high in the season except for winter, and the demand for public bicycles was the highest at 6 p.m. In addition, in this paper compare four additional regression algorithms in addition to the Boosted Decision Tree Regression algorithm to measure algorithm performance. The results showed high accuracy in the order of the First Boosted Decision Tree Regression Algorithm (0.878802), second Decision Forest Regression (0.838232), third Poison Regression (0.62699), and fourth Linear Regression (0.618773). Based on these predictions, it is expected that more public bicycles will be placed at rental stations near public transportation to meet the growing demand for commuting hours and that more bicycles will be placed in rental stations in summer than winter and the life of bicycles can be extended in winter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of common fodder tree leaves with goats fed at 50% of total ration. In experiment 1, leaves from six fodder tree species i.e., Ailanthus aitissima, Elaeagnus angustifolic, Morus alba (Mulberry), Populus spp, Robina pseudoacacia and Salix babylonia were harvested in spring and winter from northern areas of Pakistan. Chemical composition and apparent in situ dry matter digestibility (DMD) of fodder tree leaves were measured. Results showed that crude protein (CP) values were higher (p<0.05) in all the species during spring compared to winter (17.9% vs 12.0%). The concentration of NDF in Elaeagnus and Robinia was higher in spring, whereas no seasonal difference was found in other species. In situ DMD was higher (p<0.05) in Ailanthus and Populus at spring while it was higher (p<0.05) in Elaeagnus, Mulberry and Robinia at winter. There was no (p<0.05) seasonal effect on in situ DMD of Salix. In experiment II, four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric rations viz., A, B, C and D were prepared containing 50% (winter harvested) sun dried leaves of Salix, Robinia, Mulberry and Elaeagnus, respectively and 50% concentrate. Dry matter and crude protein intakes were higher (p<0.05) given ration A (Salix) whereas DM and CP digestibility was lowest (p<0.05) given ration B. Nitrogen retention was higher (p<0.05) given ration A. Goats fed on fodder tree leaves and concentrate showed moderate intake and digestibility.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1997

Ring width chronologies of blue pine (pinus wallichiana) from two mesic sites, Kanasar(2, 400 m) and Gangotri(3, 000 m), in the western Himalayan region. India were developed to understand tree growth-climate relationship and its applicability in proxy climate studies. The resoponse function analyses of the two chronologies show that the site conditions play an important role in modulating the effect of climatic variables on tree growth. Winter temperature, prior to the growth year, has been found to play positive influence on blue pine growth at both sites. Summer temperature also has very similar response except for June and August. June temperature has negative influence at the lower in contrary to at the higher site. Low August temperature favors tree growth to precipitation has been found to vary which could be due to different precipitation regime at the two sites. Winter precipitation is important for tree growth at the higher, whereas summer at the lower sits. The present study suggests that the tree ring materials of blue pine from the temperate Himalayan regions could be used to develop chronologies for the reconstruction of seasonal climatic variables.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: The freezing injury by pruning can be reduced by suspending pruning work when severe cold weather (-23 to -49℃) is forecast. Minimum air temperature of the study area, Gunwi region at February 3, 2012 was -21.9℃, and the subzero temperature continued until April 8, 2012. This study was conducted in two years to investigate the effect of delaying winter pruning until full bloom on shoot growth and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees. METHODS AND RESULTS: The time of pruning were March 26 for dormant, April 3 for bud break, and May 2 for full bloom. The winter pruning at full bloom significantly reduced fruit weight for two years compared with the control (winter pruning at dormant), and shoot growth was reduced only in the following year. There was no significant effect of delaying winter pruning at bud break on soluble solid content, fruit red color, return bloom, and pruning weight for two years compared with the control. CONCLUSION(S): These results indicated the delaying winter pruning at bud break of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple tree did not offer any disadvantage over comparable dormant pruning, since the fruit quality was not affected. The delayed pruning at full bloom resulted in decreased fruit weight, though shoot growth, fruit quality, and return bloom were not affected by the delayed pruning. So, the delayed pruning should be considered carefully only for the fruit tree orchards in diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.469-479
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• 1991

The abundance and local distribution of birds around the three atomic power plants were studied during summer in 1998 and winter 1989. It was particularly pointed out how to determine species diversity indices, rarefaction model appeared and habitat use. During the study over 2,200 birds were censused; black-tailed gull, terek sandpipper, asian wandering tattler and australian curlew accountedfor over 76% of the observed birds in summer. Black-tailed gull, black-headed gull, mallard, ancient murrelet and tree sparrow accounted for 76% of the observed birds in winter. overall, 53 species were occurred ; 23 have been observed on yonggwang-gun, 16 used on ulchin-gun, 12 used on kyungju-gun in summer. 18 on yonggwang-gun,,14 on ulchin-gun,12 on kyungju-gun in winter respectively. These three habitats in terms of their of species richness were computed as follows; yonggwang-gun has the highest richness with an expected species number of 17.5 as the same as two season. Kyungju-gun has the lowest with an expected species number of 8.2 in summer and 11.5 in winter.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2007

The Korean name "Bizooki" tree was named by the shape of winter bud which is like a slim bow. There are four scientific names in the tree which are Cleyera japonica Thunberg, Cleyera ochnacea DC, Sakakia ochnacea Nakai, and Ternstroemia gymnanthera. And the English name are Japanese Ternstroemia and Japanese Cleyera. "Bizooki" tree has planted at Buddhist temples in Japan for the ritual. The best result of stem cutting in "Bizooki" tree, 100 percent of rooting, could be accomplished in July when cuttings were done on the mixture-soil containing the same rates by volume of vermiculite, peatmoss and perlite with cuts processed with IBA 1,000 mg/l under the circumstances that 70% of shade, plastic mulching, and mist were conditioned.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.777-783
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• 2004

Samples of 13 species of forest tree leaves fed to livestock in the semi-hilly arid zone of Punjab State in India were collected at 30 d interval for 12 months, in order to assess their nutritional worth for livestock. The ground samples were pooled for 4 different seasons viz. dry hot, hot humid, fall and winter. The chemical composition irrespective of the season revealed that CP content varied between 8.9 (Carrisa) to 22.0% (Leucaena). Globulin was the major protein fraction in most of the leaves. The lowest concentration of cell wall constituents was observed in Morus alba and Grewea. The leaves in general became fiberous and lignified during winter and fall as compared to summer season. The leaves of Grewea, Morus alba, Leucaena, Carrisa and Acacia were rich in Ca, P and most of the trace elements. The total phenolics ranged between 1.88% (Azardirachta) to 15.82% (Acacia). The leaves of Acacia had the highest concentration of hydrolysable tannins (14.6%) whereas that of Carrisa had that of condensed tannins (5.9%). The condensed tannins (more than 3%) were negatively correlated to the digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP). The digestion kinetic parameters for DM, NDF and CP revealed that leaves of Morus alba, Zizyphus and Ehretia had highest insoluble but potentially degradable fraction. The minimum rumen fill values also revealed that leaves of Grewea, Azardirachta, Morus, Ehretia and Leucaena had great potential for voluntary DM intake. The leaves of Ougeinia, Malha, Dodenia and Carrisa had significantly higher rumen fill value indicating poor potential for voluntary DM intake. Season did not have any significant impact on digestion kinetic parameters except that most of the leaves had low potentially degradable fraction, which was degraded at slow rate during winter. It was concluded that the leaves of Morus, Ehretia, Grewea and Leucaena had great potential as livestock feed, while feeding of Ougeinia, Malha and Dodonea leaves should be avoided.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2001

This study is conducted to evaluate the effects of containerized landscape tree production methods on post-transplant stress. Two types of container such as plastic pot(pot), fabric growing bag(bag) were adopted to restrict tree roots. Each types of containers was divided into seven sub-types. One traditional production method was included as comparison. Two landscape woody plants species (Magnolia denudata, Albizzia julibrissin) were implanted in the 7 sub-types of container. After one or two growing season in the container, each types of container trees was transplanted. Half of the trees were transplanted in the mild spring season, and another half of trees were transplanted in the improper summer season. The data were collected on the crown wilting ratio and trunk die-back ratio. The result of the analysis based on these data were as follows; 1) The container production methods were lower than the traditional production methods by 3 times in the average wilting ratio of summer season's transplanting point. 2) Post-transplant stress was more successfully mitigated, in case the "pot" type as was the "bag" types of container. 3) The effective and economic way of mitigating post-transplant stress by container production methods was selecting container plants of vigorous and deep root systems. 4) The "pot" type of container was to restrict tree roots more successfully, But, winter chilling and low temperature attacked the "pot" type tree's twigs and suckers. These results indicated that "pot" grown container plants should managed carefully during the winter after transplanting. Based upon the results of this study, a subsequent research on the development of container material, growth type of the container trees, and other maintaining method will be required.es, and other maintaining method will be required.