• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2024

We have proposed a method for estimating the size-dependent mortality (M) of short-lived semelparous cephalopod species. To estimate the size-dependent mortality of a winter cohort of the common squid Todarodes pacificus, a commercially important cephalopod species in the North Pacific, we used the data and results of previous studies. On the basis of the bigger-is-better the steady-state hypothesis, we derived a theoretical mortality curve by assuming M as an inverse function of mantle length (ML). The derived constant for size-specific instantaneous mortality (q), assuming an embryonic survival rate of 86.6%, was 0.413 day^-1 mm in ML. Estimates of life-stage-specific M ranged from 0.0280 to 0.435 day^-1 for paralarvae, 0.00278 to 0.0269 day^-1 for juveniles, 0.00197 to 0.00275 day^-1 for pre-spawning adults, and 0.0913 to 0.0920 day^-1 for post-spawning adults. Sensitivity analyses showed that the derived size-dependent M did not significantly change with varying embryonic survival rates, from 48%, the lowest reported value, to 100%. Additionally, comparison of the length frequencies derived from our simulations with those derived from catch data did not show a significant difference, suggesting that our approach and procedures are reliable for stock assessment and management of the common squid.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to compare fecal microbes survival in soil between compost surface application and soil incorporation. The survival experiment was conducted in six styrofoam beds ($510{\times}325{\times}305(mm)$ in size) filled with sandy loam soil. A half of six boxes were received by compost surface application, while the other half were treated with compost-soil mixture. Duplicated surface and surbsurface soil (20 cm depth) samples were collected at various interval up to 50 days and analyzed for the determination of fecal coliforms and E. coli numbers. As expected, surface applied beds demonstrated two to three magnitudes order greater in both the study microorganisms as compared to soil incorporated beds. Microbial inactivation rate of soil surface was twice as great as subsurface soil condition probably due to exposure to sun light and environmental conditions including moisture loss. When rainfall occurred, microbes on the surface were transported into soil along with water movement. It was concluded that surface compost application may be easier to apply but pose higher risk of human exposure to microbes. Winter compost application may be favorable in alleviating health risk by giving some time for inactivation compared to spring application.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics and propagation methods of Prunus species as woody landscape plants. Both the flowering time and the survival rate of grafting were investigated. The results are obtained as follows: The total of flowering period of Prunus species in Kyonggi province area lasted for about 26 days. The flowering time of the species overlaps. These observations suggest that the possibility of interspecific pollination among Prunus species is very high in the kyonggi province area. The total number of flowers in the species in area was in as follows decreasing order : (1) Prunus yedoensis >Prunus pendula var. ascendens > Prunus subhitella > Prunus sesrulata for. fugenzo > Prunus leveillenana var. pendula. The number of carpels in each flower ranged from 0.3 for Prunus subhirtella to 1.8 for Prunus serulata for. fugenzo. In the caseof Prunus sesrulata for. fugenzo, the carpels appeared to be degenerated and thus losted their function. However, there exist two tyoes of Prunus subhirtella. While one type had normal carpel, the other had the degenerated one. The survival rate of grafting was investigated on May 19. Eighty there percent of the plants survived when the grafting was made in the greenhouse in January whereas the plants grafted in nursery in March survived less in that Prunus suhirtella showed 64%, Prunus leveilleana var. pendula 47%, Prunus sesrulata for. fugenzo 43%, Prunus yedoensis 62% and Prunus pendula var. ascendens 24%, respectively. Therefore, it suggested that high humidity and optimal temperature appeared to incase the survival rate of the grated plants. We therefore propose here that grafting should be done in the greenhouse that both humidity and temperature could be controlled to enhance the efficiency of grafting. This will enable as to perform grafting in winter as well.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2011

Purpose: Incidents of suicide attempt and acute poisoning in the elderly population is rising. This study investigated the clinical nature of acute poisoning and differences between the survival and mortality groups in the elderly. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 325 patients with acute poisoning who visited the emergency department. Patients were divided into two groups, one survival and one death group. Information regarding patient sex, age, root cause of poisoning, time of year of poisoning, type of intoxicant, duration of time between intoxicant ingestion and arrival at the emergency department, total length of hospital stay, and any previous suicide attempts and subsequent hospitalization were collected. An initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and an initial and final Poison Severity Score (PSS) for each patient was calculated. Results: The survival rate for men was higher than for women in this study. The most common reason of drug intoxication was suicide, with accidental ingestion and substance abuse occurring in descending frequency. Seasonal factors were reflected in the data with the highest number of incidents occurring in spring and the lowest number in winter. Compared with the mortality group, the survival group had a lower initial PSS with a higher GCS. Conclusion: We conclude that being female, having suicide as a root cause, agrochemicals as an intoxicant, low initial Glasgow Coma Scale and high initial Poisoning Severity Score, are all associated with poor prognosis.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.376-383
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 민방위 사태 발발시 준비 방안의 하나로서 비상생활지원 키트를 개발하여 국민의 안전과 안녕을 확보할 수 있는 기초 준비 방안을 모색하는 것이다. 민방위 대피소에서 짧게는 2시간부터 길게는 6일 정도를 생활하는 것을 감안하면 시설이용자들의 기본적인 생존권을 위해 비상생활지원용 식량 및 기타 물품이 필요하다. 1인당 3일 최소 비상생활지원키트는 개인용 무게는 4.85kg, 국가 및 지자체(정부)는 2.65kg을 분담하게 하고 그 구성은 총 8개 분류 26개 항목으로 식품, 피복, 화생방용품, 방한용품, 개인위생용품, 의약품, 공구, 통신용품 등으로 구성한다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 1986

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 임간초지개량(林間草地改良)과 관리(管理) 및 이용(利用)의 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고자 차광정도(遮光程度)를 0%구(區)(自然光狀態), 25%, 50%, 75%차광구(遮光區)를 설치(設置)하고 Orchardgrass, Timothy, Perennial ryegrass를 '84년(年) 8월(月) 25일(日)에 파종(播種)하여 목초(牧草)의 동사(凍死) 및 월동전(越冬前) 초기생육특성(初期生育特性)을 조사(調査)하였던바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 차광정도(遮光程度)에 따른 근장(根長), 분얼수(分蘖數), 발근수(發根數) 및 발근장(發根長)의 생육정도(生育程度)는 자연광상태(自然光狀態)${\geqq}$25%차광구(遮光區)>50% 차광구(遮光區) >75% 차광구순(遮光區順)이었으며(P<0.05), 초장(草長) 및 엽신장(葉身長)의 생육(生育)은 자연광상태(自然光狀態)<25%차광구(遮光區)<50%차광구(遮光區)${\geqq}$75%차광구순(遮光區順)이었다(P<0.05). 2. 차광정도(遮光程度)에 따른 동사율(凍死率)은 자연광상태(自然光狀態)가 4.7%, 25%차광구(遮光區)는 6.2%, 50%차광구(遮光區)는 11.8%, 75%(遮光區)는 22.2%를 보여 차광정도(遮光程度)가 많을수록 동사율(凍死率)은 증가(增加)하였다(P>0.05). 초종별(草種別)로는 Orchardgrass가 10.1%, Timothy가 9.5%, Perennial ryegrass가 14.2%를 나타내었다. 3. 차광정도(遮光程度)에 따른 초종별(草種別) 동사율(凍死率)과 월동전(越冬前) 초기(初期) 생육형질(生育形質)과의 관계(關係)는 분얼수(分蘖數), 발근수(發根數), 발근장(發根長)과는 고도(高度)의 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였으나, 초장(草長) 및 엽신장(葉身長)과는 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내었다. 4. 차광정도(遮光程度)에 따른 월동전(越冬前) 순동화율(純同化率)은 자연광상태(自然光狀態)가 10.98, 25%차광구(遮光區)가 11.52, 50%차광구(遮光區)가 9.81, 75%차광구(遮光區)가 $6.12g/m^2/day$을 보여 차광(遮光)이 많을수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이며, 초종별(草種別)로는 Orchardgrass가 8.58, Timothy가 8.53, Perennial ryegrass가 $11.71g/m^2/day$을 나타내었다. 동사율(凍死率)과 월동전(越冬前) 순동화율(純同化率)과는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)(r=-0.5943*)를 나타내었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2011

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary moisture content on the growth and gastrointestinal evacuation of sub-adult olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the summer and winter seasons. In the first experiment, three experimental diets containing different moisture levels (7%, 15%) and additives were prepared by adding water and commercial additives (1% nutrients, 1% digestives) to commercial extruded pellets. Fish (initial weight: $332{\pm}9.2$ g) were distributed randomly into six 3000 L tanks (25 fish/tank) in a flow-through tank system. Two replicate groups of fish were fed the experimental diets to satiation for 14 weeks during the summer season ($21.4{\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$). Survival, weight gain, feed efficiency, and daily feed intake did not differ significantly among groups. In the second experiment, two experimental diets containing different moisture levels (8%, 23%) were prepared by adding water to commercial extruded pellets. Fish (initial weight: $646{\pm}6.7$ g) were randomly distributed into six 3000 L tanks (20 fish/tank) in a flow-through tank system. Three replicate groups of fish were fed the experimental diets to satiation for 19 weeks during the winter season ($12.2{\pm}1.2^{\circ}C$). Weight gain, feed efficiency, and daily feed intake did not differ significantly among groups. Gastrointestinal evacuation rates were determined after the end of the winter feeding trials. The stomach contents of fish fed diets containing different moisture levels peaked within 3 h after feeding and then decreased gradually over 40 h to approach pre-feeding levels. Intestinal contents began to accumulate 3 h after feeding and reached a maximum at 32 h, then declined until nearly complete evacuation around 56 h. The stomach contents reached moisture levels of approximately 70% within 3 h after feeding and then increased gradually. No considerable difference in moisture levels was observed in the stomach contents of fish fed diets with different moisture contents. The results of this study suggest that the gastric evacuation of sub-adult olive flounder was not affected by dietary moisture level and the addition of water to the diet had no beneficial effect on the growth of sub-adult olive flounder in the summer and winter seasons.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.340-343
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• 2016

The present study investigated the effects of different seeding rates on growth characteristics and seed productivity of the "Kowinearly" cultivar of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in paddy fields. Sowing Kowinearly in paddy fields under growing rice at the rates of 20, 30, 40, and 50 kg/ha resulted in seed yields of 1.57, 1.92, 2.06, and 2.09 ton/ha, respectively. Seed yield of Kowinearly was the highest at a seeding rate of 50 kg/ha (p<0.05), at which the cultivar was able to survive in winter and the weed ratio was low. Under these conditions, most growth characteristics such as winter survival (85%), weed ratio (10%), stems per square meter (1,006) were superior than those sown at other seeding rates (p<0.05). In addition, it has been reported that the economic efficiency of the 50 kg/ha seeding rate was higher than that of the other seeding rates.

• ALGAE
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

Marked declines in seagrass meadows are increasingly being reported from coasts around Korea and many regions of the world. The transplantation of seagrasses has been attempted to mitigate and control their degradation from a range of anthropogenic factors. In this study, Zostera marina shoots, which were collected from a donor bed in Koje Bay, were transplanted in Jindong Bay in December 2004. In 2008, a comparative investigation of shoot morphology, growth, and reproduction strategy of Z. marina was carried out between the donor and transplant sites to assess their adaptation success. Shoot height, individual shoot weight, and leaf productivity at the transplant site were significantly greater than those at the donor site. However, below-/aboveground tissue ratio was significantly lower at the transplant site compared to the donor site. Z. marina survival was maintained through vegetative reproduction, while peak season for lateral shoot recruitment was late winter for both donor and transplant site populations. However, vegetative reproduction mainly occurred during late winter and spring at the transplant site, whereas lateral shoots were evident across all seasons except late spring in the donor site. More pronounced seasonal variations were found at the transplant site compared to the donor site. These results indicate that Z. marina populations at the two sites possess distinct phenotypic variations induced by different environmental conditions, and Z. marina transplants have adapted well to the new transplant environment.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제13호
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• pp.7-33
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• 2012

The memory of the Korean War is about the time period when people lived toughly during evacuation, due to being exposed to the natural climate such as intense cold or heat without any protection, leaving their comfortable home and living in temporary built shelters which were barely enough to avoid the wind. 'Death is concealed and only the figures of evacuation for survival were expressed, just as how the government ordered. Since the experience of the battlefield is personal and fragmentary, that is broken into pieces, it does not have compatibility. As war is a distorted experience that cannot be placed in a big picture, it is not possible to take a view of the war's big picture. Having this individualized experience as a common collective memory is an issue and it is the will that people tries to pursue. The reason why the evacuees from north to south, and as well as from the south to further south were all able to be adopted as the theme of artworks due to the military action that emptied the occupied territories of the North Korean Army under the forced removal command. In such situations, the natural state of the 'snow' was like a symbol of the 1.4 Recession. The group of people who were thrown into the intense cold displaced the war damage of loosing their base livelihood, and symbolized the obedient citizens who faithfully follow their government's command. The figure of advocating anti-communism is projected as a figure of a refugee during cold winter-time and it contains ones past which he or she obeyed its own country's commands. Evacuation, especially the evacuation during the winter is a visual device that can confirm these kinds of country's command. The consequences were same for the artists as well. Therefore, the situation being communal could be found due to the individual experiences during war are ideological. The image of the refuge shown in the picture played the role of strengthening the consciousness of defecting to South Korea into the meaning of the 'Finding Freedom.' I would like to express that the reason of them leave their home during the harsh winter is in order to avoid the oppression of the Communist Party. The evacuation that people went through was not to 'Finding Freedom', but 'To Survive'. Later, this evacuation has been imprinted as a behavior of choosing free Republic of Korea, which was an ideological issue. Anti-communism was the rule of survival in South Korea society, and people have the tendency to remember what they want to remember. As it is not the people who possesses an incident, but the memory that possesses ones, people cover their memory with disguised plots in order to forget the violence and to live a different prologue. They share the incident of violence as a hurtful memory. The tragedy of the Korean War was the result of Ideology and being in between the powerful nations' rights, but the violence during the war has been depicted as a natural disaster, which was the evacuation in heavy snow.