• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

Along with global warming, ever intensifying weather events have increased damages to agricultural farms and facilities. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution and regional characteristics of agricultural damages by extreme weather events. Agricultural disaster statistics provided by the National Emergency Management Agency were summed over for a 13-year period from 1998 to 2010 and used for the spatial analysis. Two indices of damage area ration and property damage per unit area were introduced to quantify regional agricultural damages. As the results, farm inundation accounted for the largest area primarily damaged by typhoons with heavy rainfalls. Most property damages to farm lands originated from farm erosion in the alpine regions by localized guerrilla rains. The two major causes of damages to greenhouse and livestock facilities were typhoon with strong wind and winter blizzards. Gangwon was the province of the largest property loss mostly from farm land erosion losses, followed by Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, and Chungnam where losses to greenhouse and livestock facilities were relatively greater. Property loss per unit area was also the greatest for the Gangwon province (4.91 M\/ha), followed by Gyongnam and Chungnam of 2.20 and 1.50 M\/ha, respectively. Unit loss for greenhouse and livestock facilities was 13.3 M\/ha, approximately 13 times greater than that for farm land (1.06 M\/ha). The study findings indicated the importance of reducing highland farm erosion and reinforcing farming facilities structures for agricultural disaster management.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.311-324
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• 1992

Polymeric substances in organic matter of soils aggregate soil particles into a crumb structure which greatly influences such properties as water movement, aeration and heat transfer. Poorly-structured soils may be improved by the incorporation of synthetic polymers where the main objects are : promoting germination or establishing crops, improving drainage, combating wind and water erosion, and reducing evaporation from the surface of soil under arid condition.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.2670-2680
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• 1996

Effeccs of porous wind fence on surface-pressure around 2-dimensional prism model of triangular cross-section were investigated experimentally. The pressure data were obtained at a Reynolds number based on the model height of Re=2.1*10$^{5}$ . Flow visualization also carried out to investigate the flow structure qualitatively. The mean velocity and turbulent intensity profiles measured at fence location were well fitted to the neutral atmospheric surface boundary layer over the open terrain. Various fences with different porosity and height were tested to investigate their effects on the surface pressure acting on a prism model at different locations. As the results, porous fence with porosity 40 ~ 50% is most effective for abating wind erosion. With decreasing porosity of the fence, pressure fluctuations on the model surface are increased. The mean pressure coefficients are decreased only when the fence height is greater than the model height. The effect of distance between wind fence and triangular prism was not significant, compared to that of the fence porosity and height.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2001

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis(AD) assume an remarkable clinical aspect and it s diagnosis almost depends on clinical symptoms. Therefore, we aimed to study the clinical diagnostic standard of AD for more accurate treatment. We repert as follows; Methods : For 6 months from March to August in 2000 we selected fifty outpatients who were prognosis of AD in the department of dermatology, Oriental medical hospitol, Dong-eui University. Results and Conclusions : 1. We classified of the grade, the condition of AD patient was slight and severe, by the sum of total by the clinical index of AD (diagnostic features). 2. By consulting previous oriental medical theories, we divided symptom-complex of AD into two type ; one was damp-heat type and the other was deficiency of blood- wind-dryness type. 3. Male to female ratio was 17 : 33 and the third stage, more than half of the patients were adolescents. 4. According to the results of symptom-complex of AD patients, on the first examination damp-heat type was more than deficiency of blood-wind-dryness type and in progressing treatment, the condition has been change to deficiency of blood-wind-dryness type. 5. In the lesions of AD, arm and knee were most serious skin lesions and in symptoms of AD, pruritus was most complained, and in progressing treatment, erosion and erythema were greatly improved. 6. When we measured the levels of serum Total IgE, that of thirty eight patientswere higher than that of normal, but elevation of serum IgE levels was not correlated with the severity of AD.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2016

High school textbooks of world geography show geomorphic featuresin arid environments such as sand dune, yardang and ventifact which are largely created by aeolian processes. Desert pavements, ubiquitous armored surfaces composed of a mosaic of clasts in hot and arid regions, are introduced as a major landform which can be attributed to wind erosion. However, they are formed by a variety of processes including deflation, surface runoff, upward clast migration and dust accretion that cause coarse particles concentration at the surface. The deflation by wind leaving a lag of coarse clasts has been solely regarded at home, even though the classical mechanism of deflation has been evaluated as a relatively unimportant process of pavement formation abroad through empiricalstudies. The accretionary model is gaining wider acceptance, thus implying that desert pavements could be formed through deposition of aeolian material. In addition, sheetflood and upward migration of clasts, irrelevant to the aeolian processes, could also create stone pavements. As a consequence, the deflation process in high school textbooks has to be urgently modified into a range of processes including aeolian mantling. By stressing that desert pavements are an exceptional geomorphic feature in deserts where wind is a predominant geomorphic agent, they can be used as a good example to demonstrate that a landform is not monogenetic.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.599-609
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• 2017

Desalination plants have been recently constructed in many parts of the world due to water scarcity caused by population growth, industrialization and climate change. Most seawater desalination plants are designed with a submarine pipeline for intake and discharge. Submarine pipelines are installed directly on the bottom of the water body if the bottom is sandy and flat. Intake is located on a low-energy shoreline with minimal exposure to beach erosion, heavy storms, typhoons, tsunamis, or strong underwater currents. Typically, HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) pipes are used in such a configuration. Submarine pipelines cause many problems when they are not properly designed; HDPE pipelines can be floated or exposed to strong currents and wind or tidal action. This study examines the optimal design method for the trench depth of pipeline, analysis of on-bottom stability and dilution of the concentrate based on the desalination plant conducted at the Pacific coast of Peru, Chilca. As a result of this study, the submarine pipeline should be trenched at least below 1.8 m. The same direction of pipeline with the main wind is a key factor to achieve economic stability. The concentrate should be discharged as much as high position to yield high dilution rate.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2011

기후지형학 관점에서 몽골의 지형환경은 대륙성 한랭-건조 지형의 대표성을 지니고 있다. 본 연구는 이곳 스텝지역의 지형환경 특색을 파악하려는 것이다. 이곳에서의 지표과정은 매우 역동적이다. 기온교차가 심한 한랭 환경임과 동시에 제한된 양이지만 동계강설로 공급되는 수분은 이곳을 서릿발작용에 의한 기계적 풍화가 강하게 진전되는 지역으로 만들고 있다. 이렇게 생성된 풍화물들은 하계 폭우시의 지표수와 봄철 바람작용에 의해 침식·제거되고 있다. 몽골 스텝지역의 사면들은 토층발달이 미약한 박토상태인데도 모든 사면에서 평활하게 펼쳐져 있다. 이는 풍화와 풍화물 침식이 균형을 이루는 모습이다. 몽골의 지형환경은 서릿발작용에 의한 풍화, 지표수와 바람에 의한 침식, 이들 모두가 활발하면서도 서로 균형을 이룬다는 특색을 지니고 있다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

The shore platforms at Dok-do could be an important and clear indicator showing dimensional reduction of Dok-do. Especially flat type shore platforms are distributed in the southern coast of Dok-do island, composed of weak rocks against erosional resistance like interbedded lapilli tuff and massive tuff breccia. The distribution of shore platform is partially related to the wind direction at Dok-do island. The primary SW- and secondary SE winds are representative among wind directions at Dok-do, maintaining from spring to the autumn. Therefore, wide shore platforms could be developed by waves approaching from SW and SE directions in the southern coast of Dok-do. The sea stacks like Gunham-rock, Neopdeok-rock, Keungaje-rock and Jakeungaje-rock on the western coast are also considered to be formed by wave erosion from the SE direction. The shore platforms in the southern coast of Dok-do island were developed since ca. 7,000 yr. BP, when sea level raised almost to the present level. The average extension speed of shore platform was calculated to 4.0mm/y, because the broadest shore platform with the width ca. 28m was extended for ca. 7,000 years. The width's dimension of shore platform at Dok-do reflects a slow extension rate in the present, although erosional process will be faster with the sea level rise in the future.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2000

강원도 평창군 도암면에 소재하는 농촌진흥청 고령지 농업시험장에 포장을 설치하여 옥수수와 감자 작부 체계 하에 토양의 토양피복인자 (SC), 내수성 토양 입단함량, 내풍식성 입단함량과 풍식성 인자 (I)를 조사하였다. 토양 침식인자 값 (K)은 실험 처리구의 상부가 하부보다 높았다. SC 값은 식물 잔재물의 양에 따라 다른 값을 보였으며, 0.01~0.84 이었다. 수확 후 식물 잔재물의 지면 피복도 (%)에 따른 SC 부요소 값은 옥수수 재배구에서 0.4~0.8 이며, 감자 재배구에서는 0.4~0.5이었다. 이는 감자 수확 시 잔재물이 옥수수 수확 시 잔재물에 비해 비교적 많이 남기 때문이었다. 시험 포지 토양의 입단함량 범위는 49.7~79.8%이었다 옥수수 재배구 중 화학비료 및 유기질 비료를 시용하고 등고선 경운 방법에 의한 처리구가 입단함량이 가장 높았다. 옥수수 수확 후의 피복도 (%)와 입단 함량 (%)의 관계는 회귀관계식이 성립되며, $r^2$는 0.96 이었다. 옥수수 재배구의 평균 입단함량이 감자 재배 포장의 평균 입단함량보다 다소 낮았다. 시험 포지 토양의 내풍식성 입단함량의 범위는 26.38~56.45% 이었다. 옥수수 재배구의 토양 입단 함량 (%)은 수확 후 잔재물과 유의성이 있었다. 옥수수 재배구 중 화학비료 및 유기질 비료를 시용하고 등고선 경운법에 의한 처리구의 경우 내풍식성 입단 함량은 26.42%로 풍식성 인자를 계산하면 $183Mgha^{-1}$이고, 토양의 휴조도 인자 (K')는 0.52이었다. 이에 따르면, 년 중 기상상태가 풍식이 일어날 수 있는 건조 상태일 경우 최대 풍식 가능량은 1일 $0.5Mgha^{-1}$에 해당하는 양이었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.322-331
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• 2007

In this study, we have analyzed $PM_{10}$ concentration measured at Incheon Regional Air Monitoring Network (10 stations) and meteorological data at Incheon Weather Station to investigate factors (i.e. wind direction, wind speed, relative humidity, major meteorological phenomenon, and sea-land breezes existence) influencing $PM_{10}$ concentration in Incheon during 2005. Statistical differences among meteorological factors were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test or Mann-Whitney U test. The main conditions causing high $PM_{10}$ concentration are summarized below; 1. When westerly wind prevailed (however, $PM_{10}$ decreased when winds were blowing from the east or north). 2. When the winds were calm, owing to accumulation of nearby emissions under stagnant conditions, or when the wind speed is in excess of 6 m/s, which shows the effect of fugitive dust produced by wind erosion. 3. Under the condition of high relative humidity and poor diffusion based on meteorological phenomenon such as fog, mist, and haze. 4. When the Sea-Land breezes existed, which occurred 70 days in Incheon during 2005 and contributed significantly to high $PM_{10}$ concentration in the coastal urban area. In conclusion, we have found that the meteorological factors have influence on $PM_{10}$ concentration in Incheon.