• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.330-335
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• 2010

Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) and corn (Zea mays L.) transplanting has increased because soybean and corn crops cultivated by the direct seeding method were often damaged by wild birds. The purpose of this study is to develop a seeder to sow soybean (Glycine max Merr.) and corn (Zea mays L.) in a plug tray. In order to find out design factors for a metering device of the seeder, metering characteristics on metering hole size and roller speed were experimentally investigated. Soybean (cv. 'Daewon') and corn (cv. 'Mibaekchal') were used as a materials for testing the seeder in this experiment. The metering hole size of roller suitable for Daewonkong and Mibaekchal was determined. Daewonkong was suitable for hole diameter of 10 mm and hole depth of 5.5 mm, and Mibaekcal was suitable for hole diameter of 9 mm and hole depth of 5.5 mm. At a brush length of 4 mm, one grain seeding rates of Daewonkong and Mibaekchal was 99% and 93% respectively. By inducing Mibaekchal to the hole by swing, one grain seeding rate of that increased from 91.9% to 97.7%. When roller speed is 4 m per minut, seeding efficiency of prototype was 110 sheets per hour.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.97-110
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• 2014

Animals, as a part of nature, have much influence on children's emotional development and are one of children's favorite subjects of design. This study analyzes the differences in animal expression methods and types of animals, in relation to gender and item based on a collection of children's clothing and accessories that use animal as their theme. The collection consists of 148 clothing and 75 accessories (total of 223 items), which were collected from on-line shopping sites for children's clothes. Analysis results showed the following observations. Animal expression was categorized into four methods: emblem, illustration, character, and pattern.(The most common method was character, followed by pattern, illustration, and emblem. In relation to gender and clothing item, animal expression methods varied widely:(character was the most popular for) boys' t-shirts and accessories, while girls' bottoms and dresses. As for (animal) types, Mammalia was the most common, followed by birds and insects. Dogs and puppies were popular both genders.(However, differences in preferences existed as) boys liked big and wild animals such as bears, tigers, and foxes, while girls liked small and cute animals such as rabbits, cats, owls, and butterflies. Based on these results, six types of animals (rabbits, elephants, large-beaked bird Toco Toucans, fish, penguins, and bees) were selected as themes for kids' vest designs and, among them, three designs were made.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2020

Urban parks provide a variety of ecosystem services and are an important means of providing positive functions to urban ecosystems. Recently, various studies on wildlifes in urban parks have been conducted. However, there is a lack of research on habitat use in urban parks at important times such as before and after fledging in bird ecology. This study analyzed habitat use and home-range before and after fledging on Cheongsa park, a neighborhood park located in Cheonan city. An artificial nest was set up to check and capture great tit in fledging time. One female was captured and attached to the NTQB-2 (0.4g) radio transmitter, the location was tracked using SIKA Radio Tracking Receiver, hand-held three element Yagi antenna and GPS. Location information was recorded for 10 minutes for 3 hours each morning and afternoon for 12 days from May 17 to May 31, 2019. As a result, the home-range of the target species was 1.776 ha (MCP) and the core area was 499 ㎡ (KD 50%). The average daily home-range was 0.513 ha for the entire period, 0.688 ha before fledging, 0.339 ha after fledging based on MCP. The bird moved about 29.9 m on average and moved up to 131.7 m. For the most of the time, the great tit stayed inside the park, but the bird also used small green spaces such as street trees, tree flower beds, and green areas of unused lands. The results of this study could be applied to the study of habitat use and the greenery management policy of the urban park considering wild birds.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.461-467
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• 2019

Avian trematodes, Urogonimus turdi (Digenea: Leucochloridiidae), were collected from the intestine of wild birds, Zoothera aurea, 2013-2017 in the Daejeon Metropolitan City, Korea. The body was ellipsoidal, attenuated and/or round ends, 1,987-2,120 long and $819-831{\mu}m$ wide. The oral sucker was subterminal, rounded anteriorly, and $308-425{\times}351-432{\mu}m$ in size; the prepharynx and esophagus were almost lacking; pharynx was well-developed, $142-179{\times}78-170{\mu}m$ in size; intestine narrow, bifurcating just after pharynx, ascending to the oral sucker before looping posteriorly and terminating near the posterior end; ventral sucker larger, in almost median, $536-673{\times}447-605{\mu}m$ and approximately 1.5 times larger than oral sucker. A phylogenetic tree constructed with 18S ribosomal RNA showed inter- and intraspecific relationships. Based on these morphological and molecular findings, we report here a U. turdi from White's thrushes in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.917-925
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• 2019

All of the animals and the plants in ecosystem are intimately connected to one another and the changes of forests and surroundings affect directly wild animals. This study was conducted at Hangyeong-myeon Cheongsu-ri located in the western part of Jeju Island belonging to Hangyeong Andeok Gotjawal Zone and Jocheon-eup Seonheul-ri located in the eastern part of Jeju Island belonging to Jocheon Hamdeok Gotjawal Zone. The survey on advent of birds was carried out twice a month from January 2014 to December 2015. We divided habitat environments into three survey sites such as a forest, a shrub forest and a farmland. A total of 65 species and 4,802 individuals were observed during the survey period. In a forest, 36 species and 1,287 individuals were observed while A shrub forest had 40 species and 1,554 individuals. And in a farmland, 41 species and 1,961 individuals were observed. The only 10 species were observed in forest and the only 7 species in shrub forest and the only 10 species in farmland. The species diversity and the evenness of a farmland were the highest, and the species richness was the highest in a shrub forest, and the dominance of a forest was the highest among the three areas. The similarity index between a shurb forest and a farmland was high while that between a forest and a farmland was low. The similarity index related with breeding appeared that a forest and a farmland was different from each other.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.275-290
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• 1998

Nowadays, mankind is suffering from serious pollutions. In proportion to industrial modernization, polltional problems have been increased and arised new one endlessly. Todays, we are cope with a newkind pollution materials threatening the life of mankind with root out. It is Environmental Hormon, that is, Endocrine Disrupting Chemical(EDs). EDs was made by dioxin, PCB, DDT, cadmium, lead, ether and even diethylstillbestrol(DES) that used to contraceptive pill etc. These EDs makes changing from normal human hormon to abnormal one and it kill off or fade out spermatozoa. Then the spermatozoa was infected with EDs makes man imposex, sexual malformations and infertility also. It is the more critical phenomenons that EDs invade into the field of wild-life; birds, invertebrate animals, fishes, mammalia especially. England TV(BBC) journalist Cadury, D. introduced a lot of case studies that many kind of male animals was changed feminization by EDs in her book (The Feminization of Nature;1997). Otherwise, Gibbs, P.E. and Bryan, G. W. reported about dog-whelk snail (a sort of sea shell) was changed gender from male to female by EDs in their study. Briefly speaking, Environmental Hormon (EDs) stem from polluted materials maloperate human and animal informational codes of hormon. It is a significant event to an individual ontogeny and ecological system. To overcome these problem WHO, OECD, UNEP held many work-shops, international seminars and researches but it is not enough yet. On May of 1997, the International Meeting of Environmental Administrators makes a $\ulcorner$Declaration on EDs Problems$\lrcorner$ for solving it fortunately and NHK(japan) reported Super Critical Fluid as a new materials for decrease toxicity of dioxin in recent. Key Words : Environmental Hormon, EDs, imposex feminization, gender, DES, spermatozoa. Super Critical Fluid.

• Korean Journal of Ornithology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2018

Electrocution is one of the key components affecting the mortality of birds. Various electrocution-decreasing methods refer to two directions: safe perching with insulation versus perching restriction. In Yesan County, we have reintroduced 30 oriental storks (Ciconia boyciana) since 2015. Two female storks died due to electrocution while perching in a utility pole in 2016. To reduce such electrocution mortality in storks, a branch of Korea Electric Power Corporation partly installed insulators in 630 utility poles located in the major habitats of Yesan in 2016-2017. Simultaneously, we conducted an experiment to reduce the perching events using 8 captive storks and the two types of common utility poles along with/without the installation of bird-spikes and/or wires in Mar-Jun of 2017. Our results indicated the installation of additional wires alone exhibited a lack of reduction in perching, while those of bird-spikes or both significantly decreased their perching frequencies. Therefore, the present study highlights the installation of bird spikes on top of utility poles may elicit a better effect so that storks avoid perching in utility poles, presumably resulting in lowering potential electrocution in the wild.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2022

The Chinese crested tern (Thalasseus bersteini) is one of the most globally endangered species, listed as "Critically Endangered (CE)" on the IUCN Red List, with only approximately 30-49 individuals surviving in the wild. Chinese crested terns were discovered to breed in South Korea for the first time in 2016 while conducting a census on uninhabited islands. The Ministry of Environment has declared the breeding habitat of the Chinese crested terns as "Specified Island" to protect this CE species. However, brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) inhabiting the breeding grounds of the Chinese crested terns and Black-tailed gulls may potentially pose a threat to the breeding of these avian species. Therefore, we conducted a study on the feeding behavior of brown rats involving stable isotope analysis to determine their food sources. Fecal analysis showed that brown rats mainly fed on plants, whereas they scarcely fed on animals, such as insects. In addition, the stable isotope analysis showed that the δ¹³C values of brown rats, insects, and Indian goosegrasses were approximately -16 to -11‰, whereas the δ¹³C value of Chinese crested terns that obtained their food from the marine ecosystem was approximately -22 to -18‰. Hence, we conclude that the source of carbon for brown rats on this island is the terrestrial ecosystem. We ruled out the possibility of any direct prey-predator interaction between the brown rat and the Chinese crested tern or Black-tailed gull.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.533-542
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• 2023

Understanding the regional distribution of swans in the lower Nakdong River area is also important for the continuous habitat of swans according to changes in the surrounding environment of the area. This study was conducted to understand the regional distribution aspect of swans (Cygnus spp.) downstream of the Nakdong River, Republic of Korea, from October 2013 to September 2018. In the estuary, a small ship was used to move along a certain route and observe it with the naked eye or binoculars, and in the land area, Line transect census and Point census method were conducted in parallel. During this period, two species and 34,647 individuals of swans were observed, including 34,356 Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus) and 291 Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus). The average number of individuals observed in 15 different areas was 1172, 103, 214, 1825, 1850, 13, 318, 1, 0, 1, 11, 21, 5, 0, and 239 respectively. The total average of the number of individuals in these areas was 384.76. The numbers differed significantly among the survey areas (Kruskal-Wallis test, X2=4349.01, P < 0.001). Particularly, the numbers were larger in Eulsukdo, Lower Eulsukdo, and Daemadeung than in the other regions. In conclusion, as long-term survey data, it can be used as basic data to analyze the distribution of swans due to environmental changes caused by the development of the Nakdong River, predict changes in the habitat status of migratory birds, and prepare measures necessary for preservation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-256
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is aimed at identifying the planting condition of greenbelt axis covering forests located at Sinhyeon-eup, Geoje-si and also establishing improvement plans for the ecological organization. The study was executed with buffer green space designed to mitigate noise, which is located at a halfway point linking Mt. Yukkyo(altitude of 50m) and Mt. Jungmae(altitude of 131m). The number of the biotope patterns was classified into 17 in total: the two are urbanized districts such as a townified district and streets and another 15 are greenbelts and open space such as forest biotope, inland water biotope, and landscaping tree plantations biotope. According to the analysis of biotope types, it was estimated that the making use of already established buffer greens as a linking medium with a foothold of Mt. Yukkyo and Jungmae, whose natural eco-system is well suited for habitation of living organism, is the one and only way to the influx of living organism into the downtown area. The green coverage rate of the base green area, sub-base green area and linkage green area was 160.29%, 128.37% and 44.37% respectively; the green capacity coefficient(i.e. GVZ[$Gr{\ddot{u}}nvolumezahl$]) for base green area, sub-base green area and linkage green area was $4.04m^3/m^2,\;3.95m^3/m^2\;and\;0.65m^3/m^2$ respectively. The base green area has constituted multi-layered vegetation structure and thus played a role as habitats for living organism and supply centre of species, whereas the sub-base green area has destroyed lower layer vegetation, and the linkage green area was in bad shape due to the lack of planting volume and damage of the shrub layer. Accordingly, this research paper intended to suggest detailed implementation plans for the improvement in landscape for city dwellers' use and relaxation; in other words, this paper focused on ecological build-up for the Influx of wild birds into the downtown area for the promotion of bio-diversity of species through the linkage of base green areas and the fostering of nature observing trails for citizens as well as the connecting of green areas through the build-up of roadside greens to make these green areas to be efficiently used as corridors for the influx of wild birds and bio-organism habitation and for citizens' using space.