• 암석학회지
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.220-233
• /
• 1994

The granitic rocks in the Poeun - Sogrisan area are composed of the Jurassic Poeun granodiorite and the Cretaceous Sogrisan granites. The latter can be divided into three rock types : coarse-grained biotite granite, porphritic biotite granite and granite porphyry. Petrographical observations, especially focusing on the quartz-feldspar intergrowth texture, suggest that the Sogrisan granites has emplaced at shallower level and crystallized more rapidly than the Poeun granodiorite. The F, Cl contents and the Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio of biotite and muscovite in the Sogrisan granites are higher than those in the Poeun granodiorite. The anor-thite contents of plagioclase in the Poeun granodiorite are higher then in the Sogrisan granites. Ilmenite in the Sogrisan granites is more enriched in Mn and depleted in Fe than that in the Poeun granodiorite. The whole-rock magnetic susceptibility values (in $10^{-6}$ emu/g unit) are higher in the Sogrisan granites (33~144) than the Poeun granodiorite (9~12), indicating that the former generally belongs to magnetite-series granitoid and the latter to ilmenite-series one. The Sogrisan granites has solidified under more oxidizing environment than the Poeun gra-nodiorite, judging from the whole-rock magnetic susceptibility measurements as well as the chemical compositions of biotite and ilmenite.

• 암석학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.139-155
• /
• 1993

We have shown that the volcanic rocks from the northern part of Cheju Island can be divided into high $P_2O_5/K_2O$(HPK) and low $P_3O_5/K_2O$(LPK) groups, each with distinct geochemical characteristics(Park and Kwon, 1993a and b). This study reports mineral compositions for plagioc-lase, olivine, and clinopyroxene in order to see the dependence of mineral chemistry on the whole rock composition, and discusses equilibrium relationships between crystal and liquid. Plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts show no compositional differences for the two rock group. However, $Al^{ⅵ}/Al^{ⅳ}$ ratios of clinopyroxenes suggest that pyroxenes have fractionated at deeper level, and that the LPK group might have fractionated at higher pressure than the HPK group. These are in good agreement with our previous interpretation based on whole rock chemistry(Park and Kwon, 1993a). Although subhedral or euhedral form and homogenous composition for most plagioclase and clinopy-roxene phenocrysts suggest equilibrium relationship with liquid, the uncertainties associated with liquid, the uncertainites associated with equilibrium constant for these minerals do not allow testing equilibium relationship between mineral and liquid on the basis of chemistry. On the other hand, olivine phenocrysts in hawaiites, for which Kd is well known, show distinct nonequilibrium relationship with calculated liquid composi-tions, while those in other rock compositions are in equilibrium from those for other rocks. We report for the first time as far as we know plagioclase xenocryst and pigeonite inclusion in plagioclase, which indicates assimilation process. In conclusion, these mineralogical observations imply that mag-matic processes underneath the Cheju volcano were not simple.

• 암석학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 1993

We report adventages of employing MgO as a differentiation index for the Namwon granitic complex. It is shown to be much more sensitive than the usual Harker index. The complex can be divided into two groups on the basis of $TiO_2$/MgO ratio. The low $TiO_2$/MgO group consists of hornblende biotite tonalite-granodiorite, porphyritic hornblende biotite granodiorite (PHBGd) and part of biotite granite (loBG). PHBGd shows its own distinct variation in the low group. This group is characterized in most cases by the presence of hornblende, even if it occurs as a trace amount. The high $TiO_2$/MgO group consists of part of biotite granite (hiBG) and two mica granite. The major element differences between rock types are also apparent in biotite chemistry. These chemical data indicate that at least two distinct origins of magma are rquired for the complex. Two kinds of biotite granite revealed in this study show distinct geographic distribution, suggesting that a new geologic map should be made.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.513-518
• /
• 1995

A granite drilling core (-1200 m) obtained near the Majang cave in east part of the Cheju island. The rock is pinksh in color and has miarolitic cavities. It is coarse-grained rock and consists of quartz, plagioclase, alkali feldspar, biotite and magnetite. The rock shows characteristically micrographic texture. The alkali feldspar is subhedral to anhedral and generally interstitial grains and fonns micrographic texture. K/Ar age of alkali feldspar in the core specimen is $58.14{\pm}1.4Ma $ (early Tertiary). The age, rock features and whole rock chemistry of the rock has strong resemblance to micrographic granites, so called "masanite", in southeastern part of the Korean peninsular. The granitic fragments from drilling core (- 920 m) obtained in Jungmun area in south part of the Cheju island consist of quartz, plagioclase, alkali feldspar and biotite. The fragments in the Jungmun area are similar to granitic xenolith near the Cheju city for the absence of micrographic texture and different alkali feldspar.

• 암석학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.37-52
• /
• 1998

연구지역의 화강암류는 각섬석 흑운모 화강암(Hbgr), 변형된 흑운모 화강암(Dbgr), 변형된 홍색 흑운모 화강암(Dpbgr), 흑운모 화강암(Btgr), 화강 반암(Gp) 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 이들 화강암류는 전암의 화학조성으로부터 메타알루미나질, I-형, 칼크-알칼리계열 등의 특징을 보인다. Hbgr과 Dbgr은 대체로 티탄철석계열, Dpbgr과 Btgr은 티탄철석계열과 자철석계열의 양쪽을 나타내며, Gp는 자철석계열의 특징을 보인다. 화강암류 관입의 지구조환경을 살피면, Hbgr과 Dbgr의 경우 활동성 대륙주변부를 나타내지만, Dpbgr, Btgr 및 Gp의 경우 후조산운동 내지 비조산성의 지각융기 등에 관련된 환경을 나타낸다. 주성분원소의 관계로부터 Hbgr과 Dbgr에서는 산화물의 함량이 SiO2 함량의 증가에 따라 체계적이고 연속적인 함량 변화를 보여 성인적인 연관성이 있는 반면, Dpbgr, Btgr, Gp의 산화물 함량 변화에서는 서로에 대한 체계적이고 연속적인 변화를 인식할 수 없어 각각의 암상은 서로 독립적인 조성의 마그마로부터 형성되었다고 판단된다. Hbgr과 Dbgr의 경우 야외에서의 점이적인 암상변화와 더불어 광물조성의 유사성, 주성분원소 함량의 점이적인 변화 등으로부터 동일 마그마로부터 유래 되었다고 생각된다. 백록 화강섬록암과 Hbgr의 주성분원소 변화경향이 일반적으로 매우 유사하고 비교적 연속적이다. 만일 동일 마그마로부터 유래되었다면, 이 두 암체는 백악기의 흑운모 화강암(Btgr)과 화강반암(Gp)에 의해 분리되었을 것으로 판단된다. 연구지역에서의 화강암류의 관입은 적어도 세차례에 걸쳐 일어났으며, 고생대 후기 내지 중생대 초기에 Hbgr과 Dbgr의 관입이, 백악기에 Btgr과 Gp의 관입이 있었으며, 그 사이에 Dpbgr의 관입이 있었다. 그리고 Dpbgr의 관입과 백악기 화강암류 관입 사이에 전단운동을 비롯한 드러스트 형성 등의 구조운동이 있었을 것으로 고찰된다.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.381-391
• /
• 2011

암석의 풍화작용은 암석의 강도를 약화시키고 궁극적으로는 지질공학적 대상물의 안정성을 저하시키게 된다. 화학적 풍화지수와 같이 암석의 풍화등급을 이용하여 암반의 안정성을 평가하는 여러 가지 지표가 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 편광현미경 관찰, XRF 전암분석에 의한 화학적 풍화지수, X-선회절 (XRD)분석에 의한 광물의 종류와 함량분석, 전자현미경(SEM/EDS)에 의한 미세조직 분석, BET측정법에 의한 기공크기와 비표면적 분석, 미소촛점 X-선 CT 등을 이용하여 결정질 암석(편마암, 화강암)의 풍화정도와 미세조직, 공극의 특성을 분석하였다. 이차광물의 생성과 미세구조의 발달특정은 광물의 용해, 침전, 파쇄반응과 같이 복합적인 요소에 의하여 영향을 받게 된다. 그러므로 단순히 전암분석치를 이용하여 계산하는 풍화지수(CIA, CWI 등)와 같은 기존의 화학적 풍화지표들은 암석의 풍화정도를 제대로 반영하지 못함이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 이 외에도 광물조성비, 미세조직, 미세공극의 특성을 고려한 새로운 평가기법이 요구된다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.349-361
• /
• 1993

The granitic rocks in the study area are divided into the schist and gneiss complex, Yongdok pluton, Yonghae pluton and Onjong pluton by their texture, fabric and relationship to the adjacent rocks in the field, Schist and gneiss complex occurs as xenolith or roof pendant in the Yongdok, Yonghae and Onjong plutons. The Yongdok pluton occurs in association with pegmatite and aplite in many places of its pluton. In the field it is obviously clarified that the Yongdok pluton is unconformably overlay by the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. The Yonghae and Onjong plutons are gradationally changed each other, and these plutons truncate both the Yongdok pluton and the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. Petrographically, the Yongdok pluton consists of granodiorite and granite with minor quartz monzonite. The Yonghae pluton is composed of diorite, quartz diorite, tonalite, and granodiorite. The Onjong pluton also ranges granodiorite to granite. Both the Yongdok and Yonghae-Onjong plutons are different in the constituent minerals, such as alkali feld~par, myrmekite, mica, sphene and mafic minerals. This suggests that each pluton might have been different crystallization sequence and characteristically different gological history during the crystallization period. Iron/magnesium ratio in biotite and hornblende from both the Yongdok and Yonghae-Onjong plutons gradually decrease as the differentiation index increasing in the whole rock. The decrease of this ratio strongly depend on the increase of opaque mineral contents. From the results of chemistry in the whole rocks and some mafic minerals, it is suggest that the granite plutons of the two different geological ages would have been suffered the environment of high oxygen fugacity in the process of magmatic emplacement and during the crystallization period.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지구과학회 2005년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 2005

The K Ar ages, whole rock geochemistry and Sr Nd Pb isotopes have been determined for the submarine basalts dredged from the P2 and P3 segments of the Antarctic-Phoenix Ridge (APR), Drake Passage, Antarctica, for better understanding on temporal variation of magma chemistry in association with extinction of seafloor spreading. The fossilized APR is distant from the known hot spots, and consists of older N-MORB prior to extinction of spreading and younger E-MORB after extinction. The older N-MORB (3.5-6.4 Ma) occur in the southeast flank of the P3 segment (PR3) and the younger E-MORB (1.4-3.1 Ma) comprise a huge seamount at the P3 segment (SPR) and a big volcanic edifice at the P2 segment (PR2). The N-type PR3 basalts have higher Mg#, K/Ba, and CaO/Al2O3 and lower Zr/Y, Sr, and Na8.0 with slight enrichment in incompatible elements and almost flat REE patterns. The E-type SPR and PR2 basalts are highly enriched in incompatible elements and LREE. The extinction of spreading occurring at 3.3 Ma seems to have led to a temporal magma oversupply with E-MORB signatures. Geochemical signatures such as Ba/TiO2, Ba/La, and Sm/La suggest heterogeneity of upper mantle and formation of E-MORB by higher contribution of enriched materials to mantle melting, compared to N-MORB environment. E-MORB magmas beneath the APR seem to have been produced by low melting degree (up to 1% or more) at deeper low-temperature regime, where metasomatized veins consisting of pyroxenites have preferentially participated in the melting. The occurrence of E-MORB at the APR is a good example to better understand what kinds of magmatism would occur in association with extinction of spreading.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 1982

천연(天然) zeolite를 분리(分離)하여 동정(同定)한 후(後) $Na^+$로 포화시키고 3가지 농도의 NaCl용액 중(中)에서 P흡착현상(吸着現象)을 $P^{32}$ 동위원소(同位元素)를 이용(利用)하여 조사(調査)하였다. Na-zeolite에는 pH가 낮을수록, 반응시간(反應時間)이 길수록 또 시료량(試料量)이 많을수록 P흡착량(吸着量)이 증가(增加)됐으며 시료(試料)와 용액(溶液)의 비율(比率)이 작은 편이 단위중량당(單位重量當) 흡착량(吸着量)이 많았다. 전해질(電解質) 농도가 클수록 P의 흡착량(吸着量)이 늘었으며 최대흡착량(最大吸着量)은 1me/g 정도(程度)였으며 Na-zeolite의 ZPC는 pH 3.7 이하(以下)일 것으로 추정(推定)된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.465-482
• /
• 2002

Petrological, geochemical, and geochronological studies of Dokdo volcanic rocks, East Sea, have been carried out to understand their petrogenesis. Dokdo volcanic activity is divided into three stages according to occurrences and eruption ages of rocks. The second-stage activity is accompanied by large volume of pyroclastics and lavas of intermediate composition, and occupies most of the East and West islets. K-Ar biotite and whole-rock ages indicate that Dokdo volcanic activity occurred during late Pliocene and became systematically younger toward later stages: namely, 2.7-2.4 Ma for the first-stage trachyte, 2.4-2.3Ma for the second-stage trachyandesite and 2.2-2.1 Ma for the last-stage trachyte and dikes. Dokdo volcanic rocks are of intermediate to felsic compostions, and have OIB-like alkaline nature. The geochemical similarities between Dokdo and Ulleungdo volcanic rocks suggest that they were formed from the same mantle plume. However, considering the difference of eruption ages between Dokdo (2.7-2.1 Ma) and Ulleungdo (1.4-0.01 Ma) volcanic rocks, the former seems to have been formed by earlier hot spot activity.