• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.382-389
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• 2012

Effects of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the blood coagulation and platelet aggregation were investigated using whole blood, platelet rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelet obtained from SD male rats. To confirm the stability of AgNPs in the test, size distribution of the nanoparticles was measured in the vehicles including distilled water, serum, and platelet buffers. The average size of AgNPs was 20 nm in the vehicles, which means that the stability was maintained during the whole experimental period. When blood coagulation was monitored by using whole blood impedance aggregometer, coagulation was not observed at the concentration of 1, 10 and 50 ppm. Platelets in plasma or in buffer were not aggregated by AgNPs at the concentration of 1, 2 and 4 ppm, respectively. The test concentration of AgNPs could not be increased because the dark color of the nanoparticles impeded the transmission of light, which is an indicator of aggregation. Although the blood or platelets were pre-activated by collagen, thrombin, or ADP with sub-threshold level, aggregation was not observed at the test concentration. Microscopic observation also supported the result obtained by the aggregometer.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2008

Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on blood coagulation and platelet aggregation were investigated using diluted whole blood and platelet rich plasma (PRP) solution prepared from human and rat blood, respectively. Blood coagulation was monitored by using a whole blood impedance aggregometer and titanium dioxide nanoparticle (10, 20, and 40 ppm) did not show any effect on the coagulation both in human and in rat blood. When platelet aggregation was measured by turbidometric method after addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to PRP solution with final concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 ppm. no aggregation was observed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.209-212
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• 1993

The anti-coagulant activity of ilexoside D isolated from the roots of ilex pubescens Hook. et Am. was investigated in in vivo models of blood coagulation in rats. On oral administration, ilexoside D prolonged the bleeding time and the whole blood recalcified clotting time, but not the plasma recalcified clotting time. In vitor, ilexoside D did not affect the recalciffed clotting times of whole blood, platelet-rich plasma(PRP), and platelet-poor plasma(PPP), while in the presence of tissue factor the compound prologed the reduced proth-rombin times of whole blood, PRP and PPP in the dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that ilexoside D has the anit-tissue factor activity as well as the antithromobotic activity.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 1999

Sodium restricted diets are known to lower blood pressure in salt sensitive, hypertensive patients. Thare is increasing evidence that potassium plays an important role as a protective factor in the regulation of blood pressure. The objective of the current study was to measure parameters of sodium, potassium, and chloride utilization as affected by feeding of substantial quantities of bread made from whole ground white torn meal, whole ground yellow corn meal, and whole ground wheat flour. The breads provided 40 percent of a caloric content of the constant, measured laboratory diet. The 28-day study was divided into an introductory period of 7-days and three experimental periods of 7-days each. Order of assignment to specific treatments for 12 healthy subjects were according to a complete randomized block design. Yellow corn bread diets resulted in the highest potassium retention (243 mg/day) and the lowest urinary sodium and potassium ratio (1.53 $\pm$ 0.26) numerically in comparison to the other test breads. The excretions of sodium and chloride were higher during controlled feeding periods than during the self-selected diet period(p < 0.05). This indicates a response to the higher intake of these electrolytes from the experimental diets than from self-selected diets. There was no significant difference in the effect of white corn bread, yellow corn bread, or whole wheat bread diet on electrolyte status in humans. However, the yellow corn bread diet resulted in a somewhat more favorable urina교 sodium to potassium ratio than that from white corn bread or whole wheat bread diet.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.757-760
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• 2004

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 1998

An analytical method for the simultaneous measurement of trace Cu, Sn, and Bi in blood and urine has been investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Microwave oven was used for the pretreatment of blood samples using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a closedvessel digestion system with 1 mL whole blood for 8 minutes. Amberlite IRC-718 resin was used as a solid phase in solid-liquid extraction technique for the removal of matrix interferences such as Na, S, P, and other polyatomic ion species. Detection limits for Cu, Sn, and Bi by this method were 0.000375 ng/mL, 0.000297 ng/mL, and 0.000174 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries of 99.1% for Cu, 102.5% for Sn, and 98.4% for Bi were obtained for the standard spiked NIST SRM 955a blood sample. The developed method was applied for whole real blood and urine samples.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.70-85
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• 1997

Background : 6.1% of red blood cells and whole blood issued to the operating room was not transfused to the patients and discarded in Seoul National University Hospital in 1994. Objectives : We planned to set up an effective management program of blood in the operating room and we investigated whether this program could reduce the disposal rate of blood. Methods : We made a guideline of blood management in the operating room through a workshop. The guideline was revised after a preliminary application. The revised guideline was applied for 5 months from May to September in 1996. The disposal rate was compared before and after the installation of the new program. Results : 5,336 units of blood were issued to the operating room for 5 months. Disposal rate of red blood cells and whole blood was markedly reduced from 6.2% in May to 2.1% in September(p<0.05). The average disposal rate was 3.7% during the five months. Conclusion : We were able to reduce the disposal of unused blood in the operating room through the development and the application of a new blood management program.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.3963-3970
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• 2012

Headspace (HS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) were studied for extracting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from whole blood, with chemical and instrumental variables being optimized for maximum sensitivity: incubation at $60^{\circ}C$, equilibration for 30 min, pH 11, and 2 mL injection volume. Both techniques provided accurate analyses, with detection limits of 0.05-0.1 ng $mL^{-1}$ and 0.05-0.5 ng $mL^{-1}$. HS showed better sensitivity, reproducibility, and analysis times than HS-SPME. Overall levels of chloroform in whole blood were found to be 0.05-5.84 ng $mL^{-1}$; detected levels of benzene were 0.05-2.20 ng $mL^{-1}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2001

The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ambient hexavalent chromium concentration and the concentration of the chromium in whole blood, plasma, erythrocytes, and its urinary excretion of male rats after inhalation exposure of sodium chromate during 1, 2, and 3 weeks. 1. Differences of mean chromium concentration in urine, whole blood, erythrocytes, and plasma of male rats exposed to sodium chromate by exposure level were statistically significance, respectively. 2. At low and high exposure groups, differences of mean chromium concentration in urine, whole blood, erythrocytes, and plasma of male rats by duration of inhalation exposure were statistically significance, respectively. 3. Ratio of whole blood chromium to plasma chromium increased with the increased duration of inhalation exposure of sodium chromate. 4. Ambient hexavalent chromium was positively and strongly correlated with in erythrocyte chromium, and also erythrocyte chromium was strongly correlated with in whole blood chromium. In conclusion, this study showed that chromium in erythrocyte increased with the increased exposure level and exposure duration, therefore this study suggests that chromium in erythrocytes is a good biological exposure index of the internal dose from exposure to soluble hexavalent chromium compound.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1036-1041
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• 2004

A newly designed pressure-scanning slit viscometer is developed to combine an optical device without refraction while measuring blood viscosity over a range of shear rates. The capillary tube in a previously designed capillary viscometer was replaced with a transparent slit, which is affordable to mount optical measurement of flowing blood cells. Using a pressure transducer, we measured the change of pressure in a collecting chamber with respect to the time, p(t), from which the viscosity and shear rate were mathematically calculated. For water, standard oil and whole blood, excellent agreement was found between the results from the pressure-scanning slit viscometer and those from a commercially available rotating viscometer. This new viscometer overcomes the drawbacks of the previously designed capillary viscometer in the measuring whole blood viscosity. First, the pressure-scanning slit viscometer can combine an optical instrument such as a microscope. Second, this design is low cost and simple (i.e., ease of operation, no moving parts, and disposable).