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The Hope of the Stroke Patients (뇌졸중환자의 희망)

  • 김이순
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.212-227
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    • 1997
  • Cerebrovascular diseases in Korea is an important health problem since mortality and mobidity have been increased rapidly. It marked the 2nd cause of specific death rates in 1993. The stroke causes physical function disorder due to hemiparalysis and emotional disorder, and stroke patients experience helplessness, powerlessness. sense of alienation and loss of hope. These feelings make the rehabilitation difficult because they lose the will of life. The subjects of the study were seven citizens who live in Pusan, are over 50 years old and belong to low income-level. The data were collected from Jan. to Sep. 1995. The researcher as a caregiver and volunteer made confidence of them and asked for their agreement on the purpose of the study. The subjects expressed their experience as openheartedly as possible. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi, which is as follows ; as an unit of description which include the subject' expressions and the researcher's observation, it is examined the theme that express the hope experience with the subject's language(underlining), and the focal meanings are identified. The focal meaning is the crystalization of the theme, which is written in the language of the researcher. After intergrating the focal meaning and make the situated structural description as the meaning of the hope experience identified on each subject's point. After intergrating the situated structural description and make the general structural description as the meaning of the hope experience identified on total subject's point then the systemizing of the structure of the hope experienced phenomena and the flowing of the conciousness was researched. The conclusions of this study was as follows : The ten sources of hope which the subjects experienced were sorted as under 〈mutual relations to others : spouse, children, relatives, fellow believer. health professioner. associate patient group〉, 〈spiritual dependence〉. 〈recovery of physical function〉. 〈rumination of the past life〉, 〈expectation of the future〉. 〈economic power〉, 〈belief〉, 〈ability〉. 〈spontaneous participation〉 and 〈recovery of roles〉. Their hope was spoken out by the following two kinds of linguistics. First. the hope was expressed in the affirmative expression as follows : 〈 to be dependable〉, 〈to make efforts〉, 〈to keep under control〉, 〈to desire〉, 〈to be pleasant〉, 〈to be peaceful〉, 〈to be grateful〉, 〈to give help〉, 〈self-confidence. Courage〉, 〈to be happy〉, 〈to satisfy oneself〉, 〈to share with others〉, 〈to understand〉 and 〈to be affected, be impressed〉 Second, the hope was expressed in the negative on pression as under : 〈to be distressed〉, 〈to be uneasy〉, 〈to be sorry, be unsatisfied〉 〈despair〉, 〈to abandon〉, 〈to be fearful〉, 〈to suffer〉, 〈to bear a burden〉 〈to be confused〉, 〈to be solitary〉, 〈chest trouble〉, 〈to feel heavy〉 〈grief〉, 〈to be daunted〉, 〈to get angry〉, 〈to be uncomfortable〉, 〈to have something regretable〉 and 〈to feel guilty〉. And their hope was expressed by the following four behavioral expressions : 〈physical sphere〉, 〈psychological sphere〉, 〈social support sphere〉 and 〈spiritual sphere〉. The reaction patterns of their hope experience appeared in the following 4 coping method : 〈conquest type〉, 〈dependence type〉, 〈adaptation type〉 and 〈fate type〉. Finally, in the hope structure the sense of certainty don't always coexict with the sense of uncertainty, When the stroke patients try to search for the best quality of life, the senses of certainty and uncertainty make a continual cyclic system in the hope structure.

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A Study on Citizen Perceptions of the Gwangyang Steel and Iron Company: focus on CFI (광양제철소에 대한 지역 시민들의 기업이미지 분석: CFI를 이용하여)

  • Kim, Chang-Gon;Kim, Myung-Soo
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.35-44
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    • 2013
  • Purpose - This study aims to (a) analyze local citizens' perception of a local company, the Gwangyang Steel and Iron Company (GSIC); (b) compare the perception toward the local company with that of national citizens' perceptions towards many other unspecified companies, which were surveyed biannually by The Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI); and (c) analyze how such companies evaluate perceptions towards them, in relation to citizens' socioeconomic position, such as their education status. Research design, data, methodology - The data were collected using a questionnaire, which was given to a sample of local citizens in cities. To test the hypotheses, factor analyses, a t-test, and an ANOVA were conducted. The total number of respondents was 1798. The data gathered from the respondents of the sample were analyzed using SPSS Win 19.0 software. Perception towards the company was evaluated on the corporate favorite index (CFI). The CFI index shows how positive citizens feel towards a company. It is calculated using five leading factors, consisting of the following: contribution to the economy, productivity, international competitiveness, social contribution, and ethical management. The higher the level of positive feelings exhibited, the closer the index will come to 100. Results - As a result of the analysis, the CFI index towards the GSIC stood at 67.3. The CFI index towards the company is 16.5 points higher than that of the index towards the many other unspecified companies, which were surveyed by the bi-annual KCCI study in the first half of 2011. The other five indexes stood as follows: contribution to the economy, productivity, social contribution, and ethical management was 69.2, 71.2, 64.6, and 58.6, respectively. These indexes are 18.3, 4.6, 27.6, and 35.6, respectively, higher than those found by the KCCI study. However, international competitiveness is 73.0 (9.8 points lower than that of the KCCI study). This survey thus shows that the CFI of the local citizens towards the global company GSIC is very high when compared with the CFI index towards the many other unspecified companies that was determined by the KCCI survey. Conclusions - This survey shows that local citizens have high expectations of economic activity, increasing working opportunities, and regional cooperation projects from the local company, GSIC. In addition, the CFI index towards GSIC evaluates results depending on the respondent's relationship with the company, and their educational status. Respondents, whose family or relatives were working as employees of GSIC, have relatively positive perceptions of GSIC, and respondents with a relatively higher educational status also share positive perceptions. Local citizens expect the profit-making of the company to operate in accordance with management activities, and at the same time, they expect that the wealth generated by the company will return to wider society.

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사별에 대한 한국 문화적 접근

  • Im, Seung-Hui
    • Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.42-49
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    • 2005
  • To determine which are the culturally specific factors of Korean bereavement, this chapter focuses on the view of death and the traditional mourning process which reflect Korean values and norms. The formation of the Korean view and understanding of death has been strongly influenced by three of its major traditional religions: Shamanism, Buddhism, and Confucianism (Park:1994: Hao:1999) and Christianity more recently. Each religion has a different view of death and the appropriate expression of mourning. Korea accommodates funeral customs and rules strictly as a cultural system and has retained these traditions over a long period; hence, some of the traditional funeral rituals still remain in modern Korean life, although some of the rites have been simplified. We have looked at the various ways in which grief and mourning is displayed and shared in a collective manner over a long period of time. This fits in well within the other Eastern cultures that are collectively organized, and contrary to the Eurocentric models do not hastily seek to detach the living from the dead and recognize that grief is a long process, and different individuals may take different amounts of time to recover from the grief. The view of death and bereavement in Korea has sprung from the roots of three Korean religions, together with the recent addition of Christianity, although they mainly result from the three earlier religions. The beliefs of these religions are still closely linked together in the rituals of Korean bereavement on both conscious and unconscious levels. The influence of these religions is evident in practice through the bereaved family's mourning reactions, funeral rites and customs and its views about death. Korea used to have a period of mourning for three years, following traditional mourning rites; then the chief mourner and the bereaved families could return to their normal life. In spite of this long mourning process for the bereaved family, once the funeral ceremony is finished, people expect the bereaved family not to express their grief in public; even the bereaved family does not like to talk about death. The process for bereaved people is related to mourning processes in terms of detachment from the deceased in order to start a new life. Relatives and the community recommend the performance of the kut ceremony for relieving the grief of the bereaved. When one family member dies in an unlucky way, the bereaved family may have some fear or other psychological reactions of grief such as pain, depression, insomnia and nightmares, hallucinations or other physical reactions. Unlucky deaths give the bereaved a very painful time and these types of reactions are often more serious than reactions to natural death. But through the kut ceremony, the bereaved family can start to make a new relationship with the deceased. The taboo of this type of death and death generally remains a crucial aspect of the isolation that bereaved people might face and the collective nature of mourning(even where it is still present) is unable to address this aspect of the privatization of grief.

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STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF COMPREHENSIVE NURSING CARE ON THE ADJUSTMENT OF CHILDREN TO HOSPITALIZATION (유.소아를 위한 포괄적 간호가 그들의 병원생활 적응에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 이자형
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.97-110
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    • 1973
  • The goal of modern nursing is to provide comprehensive nursing care to patients. If comprehensive nursing care to children (within the hospital setting) is to be provided, consideration of the stage of growth and development of the child is especially important. From clinical observation, it appeared that nurses often disregarded individual requirements of children in giving nursing care. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to show that comprehensive nursing care which is based on an understanding of the growth and development of the child contributes to both the child and the mother's adaptability to the child's hospitalization. Method: Sixty children, three to three year of age, hospitalized at the Yonsei University Pediatric Ward ware studied. From April 1, 1973 to May 5, 1973, children admitted to the hospital were assigned to either an experimental or a compare groups. There were 30 children in each group. The sex and age of the children in each group was similar. In both groups were more male than female children. In the experimental group, each mother stayed with hot child continuously during his hospitalization. In the compare groups, the mother or some other member of the family stayed with the child. Each day on the child's admission the investigator visited the ward from 1-2 P.M. to 9-10 P.M., in order to provide comprehensive care for the experimental -group. The assistance given the nurses by the investigator was in the form of conferences regarding care and in giving direct care to the child and his mother. The compare group of children received nursing care as usually provided by the hospital. The instruments used to obtain the data for analysis were as follows: 1. The fear and anxiety reaction of the child was recorded by observation of the investigator for four areas: 1) separation from parent and relatives 2) reaction to Doctor and Nurse with white gowns 3) reaction to nursing care 4) reaction to injection and tests, etc. 2. Regression in area of eating, sleeping, and elimination were recorded by the investigator by questioning the mother and by observation. 3. Adaptability to the hospitalization was recorded by direct questioning of the children for areas of emotional and social adjustment. For children older than 3 years of age or children not seriously ill, using the simple I. Q. test this was possible for only 35 of the total 60 children. Result: 1. 55 percents of the total 60 children had been prepared by their parents for hospitalization. The children who had received prior preparation accepted hospitalization more readily than those who had received no preparation. (χ²=4.6 Ρ<0.05) 2. On admission 31.7 percent of the children expressed verbal fear of their discase or treatment. 25 percent felt that the disease was due to their mistake. 3. There was a significant difference in the reaction of the child to separation from the parent or relatives between the two groups. The experimental groups showed less anxiety due to separation than the compare group. (χ²=4.34 Ρ<0.05) In both groups there was less anxiety due to separation among school age (6-12 years) children than among preschool age (3-5 years) children. (χ²=9.22 Ρ<0.05) 4. More than half of the children in both groups reacted with fear and avoidance to doctor and/or nurses wearing white gowns. (χ²=0.06 Ρ<0.05) 5. The experimental group reacted more favorably to nursing in general than the compare group. (χ²=4.8 Ρ<0.05) 6. There was no difference in the fear and refused reaction to special tests and/or such as X-rays and injections, etc. between the groups. (χ²=3.77 Ρ<0.05) 7. More children in the compare group showed regressive tendencies in eating, sleeping, and elimination habits than in experimental groups. (χ²=2.3 Ρ<0.05 χ²=3.88 Ρ<0.05 χ²=4.9 Ρ<0.05) 8. There was a significant difference in the adaptability to hospitalization between the two groups. The experimental groups adapted more readily. (χ²=2.02 Ρ<0.05) 9. For children who had higher I.Q. s the adaptability to hospitalization was better regardless of the group. (χ²=5.03 Ρ<0.05) However, because of the small number of cases (60), this finding cannot be extrapolated without further verification. The date demonstrates that there was a greater adaptability to hospitalization by the child when comprehensive nursing care was given. By planning care and applying knowledge of growth and development to meet, nurses are in a position to prevent some of the psychological trauma associated with hospitalization.

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Social Networks and hypertension in Some rural residents Aged 60-64 (일부 60~64세 농촌 인구에서 사회조직망과 고혈압)

  • Lee, Choong-Won;Cho, Hee-Young;Lee, Mi-Young;Kim, Gui-Yeon;Park, Jong-Won;Kang, Mi-Jung;Suh, Suk-Kwon
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.229-242
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    • 1998
  • Face-to-face interviews were carried out to investigate the relationship between social networks and hypertension in 958 rural residents(males=440, females=518) aged 60-64 of a community-dwelling sample of Dalsung County from April to September in 1996. Eight elements of social network were measured : marital status, regular religious attendance, membership in groups, number of friends, relatives, siblings, children, grandchildren. Hypertensives were defined as meeting at least one of following criteria : hypertension history, systolic blood pressure more than 160 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure more than 95 mmHg. In univariate logistic regression for males, having 1-4 friends vs. none showed odds ratio 0.43 (95% Confidence interval CI 0.19-0.96) and having 2-3, 4 and more than 5 children had reduced prevalence of hypertension with odds ratios 0.21 (95% CI 0.06-0.72), 0.14 (95% CI 0.04-0.49), 0.24 (95% CI 0.07-0.82), respectively when compared with persons without children. In females, there was no elements of social network statistically significant. Having 5-9 grandchildren vs. none showed a marginally significant odds ratio 0.42. In multivariate logistic regression models for males with adjustment for age, education, body mass index, smoking and drinking, number of friends and children showed increased odds ratios and number of close relatives gained a statistically significant odds ratios (0.44-0.50). In females, the adjustment yielded little changes of odds ratios except number of grandchildren which gained a statistically significance. These results suggest that only a certain elements of social network may be associated with reduced risk of hypertension and they may be different between genders in rural resident aged 60-64.

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Construction and Applicability of GIS-Based Grave Management System (GIS기반 분묘관리시스템의 구축 및 적용)

  • Lee, Jin-Duk;Lee, Seong-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.208-220
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    • 2011
  • Korean traditional practice that gets a gravesite for burial and reckless grave establishment not only obstructs systematic national land management and reasonable urban development, but also causes a serious factor which has a harmful effect on natural environment and residential space in reality that our country is limited in area and national and social bases for use and establishment of graves are still inadequite. Though government and local governments have tried to cope with these problems by enacting legislation on funeral and others and so forth, they still have a variety of problems due to the shortage of grave management systems and information of accumulated individual graves. This study describes about the development of a GIS-based grave management system for making administrative management for individual cemeteries the prime object. As a result of application to a pilot area, the system developed in this study was able to be applied for supporting the time-limited burial system and managing cemeteries for those who left no relatives behind by constructing the database with grave-related position/attribute information which are collected by administrative system or direct survey. In addition, it is expected that this system will be utilized as a systematic management method that can be handed down the present or the future descendants under the tradition of the family-oriented funeral culture.

The Effects of Social Network on Entrepreneurial Activities Which are mediated by Entrepreneurship (사회적 네트워크가 창업의도를 매개로 창업에 미치는 영향)

  • Chung, Dae-Yong;Park, Kyung-Im
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.11 no.12
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    • pp.4780-4786
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    • 2010
  • This study focuses on the creation new jobs since it is considered as the national purpose recently. As this phenomenon regarded, this study is purposed to explore the effects of social network on entrepreneurial intentions and new venture. To promote an empirical analysis, the sample survey based on 208 domestic nascent entrepreneurs are collected and multiple regression analysis and mediated regression analysis are used. The results of an empirical analysis are as follow. First, the finding shows that social network of the strong ties and the week ties positively affect on entrepreneurial intentions. The strong ties more influence on entrepreneurial intentions. On the other hand, the week ties which are based on substantial business knowledge, information, and technology more affect on entrepreneurship. Second, entrepreneurial intentions play a role in the partial mediation effect between the strong ties and entrepreneurship, and the perfect mediation effect is indicated by between the week ties and entrepreneurship. The results suggest that nascent entrepreneurs have a lack of capital during business start-up period. As this regard, they tend to achieve related entrepreneurship resources through the strong ties such as family, relatives, and friends. Moreover, it is suggested that the potential nascent entrepreneurs should be aware of necessity of technological and economical support so that it can establish various social network. Furthermore, it encourages entrepreneurial intentions, fosters entrepreneurship, and indicates the direction of entrepreneurship through practical suggestions. it is expected that moderating effect of gender on nascent entrepreneurs and non nascent entrepreneurs leads to useful results for the future.

A Study on the Eating Out Behavior of University Students in Seoul (서울시내 대학생의 외식행동에 관한 조사 연구)

  • Chung, Chin-Eun;Kim, Hee-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.147-157
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    • 2001
  • In order to investigate the eating out behavior of university students, this survey was conducted using the questionaires for 710 students(369 male, 341 female) from 11 universities in Seoul. It was revealed that 39.4% of the subjects spent $60,000{\sim}100,000$ won for monthly eating out cost and 57.8% of them ate out more than once a day. Most of them expended less than 3,500 won for lunch, while 36.5% of them spent $4,000 {\sim}5,000$ won for dinner. Dinner was regarded more important than lunch. Korean foods were the most preferred menu for eating out with friends and fast foods were the second. But Boonsik(snack bar foods), Chinese foods and Japanease foods were rarely selected. Frequency of selecting fast foods was 8 times greater than that of Boonsik. This indicates that the preference of western flavor and the pursuit of convenience is getting more obvious. While dating, western foods were preferred, followed by Korean foods, fast foods. The 80 kinds of foods were reported as favored eating out foods. Although 50 among 80 were Korean foods, the rest of them were Koreanized foreign foods most of those were western style. This may suggest that when the students become adults, they will be much fond of western dish for their dinning out. This tendency of preferring western flavor were much apparent in foods for dinner compared with lunch. In both sexes, the standard of food choice was in the order of taste, price, mood, hygiene, service and brand name. But male students were more conscious of price and service while female students were more concerned about taste and hygiene. Most unsatisfying feature in restaurant was unstable atmosphere for both sexes. Taste was the most important sensory factor in selecting the foods, followed by appearance, smell and texture. Major source of restaurant information was recommendation by friends or relatives. But the use of internet or magazine was negligible. Female students had more positive attitude, compared with male students, in using restaurant information and pursuing eating out for gourmet. The dining out menu of which price ranges about $3,000{\sim}5,000$ won could be preferable foods for most people. Therefore, instead of blaming them for eating too much fast foods, new menus which fit the food preference and affordability of the students should be developed.

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Cancer Screening Knowledge and Attitudes of Under- and Post-Graduate Students at Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

  • Sedrak, Amal Samir;Galal, Yasmine Samir;Amin, Tarek Tawfik
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.8
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    • pp.3809-3816
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    • 2016
  • Background: Increasing knowledge and awareness of cancer screening significantly influence health promotion behavior which could markedly reduce incidence rates. In many countries, health care providers are the principal source of information concerning cancer screening. This study was carried out to assess the level of knowledge concerning cancer screening among medical students, house officers and residents and to explore their attitude towards cancer screening practices. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kasr Al Ainy Medical School at Cairo University in Egypt, with 300 undergraduate medical students and 150 postgraduates (interns and residents) enrolled. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the study participants regarding personal and education-related information, knowledge about cancer screening and its sources, and attitude towards cancer screening. Results: More than 64% of participants had knowledge scores of ${\leq}10$ points (out of 24). The total knowledge score (out of 6 points) for breast cancer screening increased from $1.9{\pm}1.0$ to $2.3{\pm}1.2$ and $2.4{\pm}1.1$ for $4^{th}$, $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ year respectively, interns showed the highest score of $2.6{\pm}1.1$, P= 0.001. Year of enrollment at medical school was a significant positive predictor of acquiring knowledge about cancer screening (post graduate vs. undergraduate students) (OR= 1.30, C.I =1.01-1.63), lack of or none receiving of orientation/training about cancer screening was the sole negative significant predictor for proper knowledge about cancer screening (OR=0.50, C.I=0.31-0.82). Over 92% of students agreed that they had insufficient knowledge about cancer screening, 88.2% appraised the need to have enough knowledge in order to direct/advice patients, relatives and friends, and 93.7% required that the faculty should emphasize the importance of cancer screening in the delivered curricula at medical school. Conclusions: A relatively low to moderate level of knowledge about cancer screening was detected among the selected medical students regardless of their year of enrollment at medical school or their graduation status, which may implicate a negative impact on early cancer detection especially in a low resource country like Egypt.

The Physical Restraint Use in Hospital Nursing Situation (병원 간호현장에서의 억제대 사용실태에 관한 연구)

  • 김기숙;김진희;이선희;차혜경;신수정;지성애
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.60-71
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    • 2000
  • This research is a field investigation to collect basic information about the safe and efficient use of physical restraint in hospitals and for the ultimate minimization of restraint use. The objects of this study were sixty-four patients. They were restrained physically. Add their 32 family members, 24 nurses of two university hospitals in Seoul were also involved in the study. From April 16, to May 27, 1999. Research data were collected throughout the observation and interview process. Also, the data was analyzed using frequencies and field study notes that were invented by researchers. Results of this study were as follows: 1. According to the sex and age distinction; male's restraint use was 75%, female's was 25% and pre-schoolage children 39.1%, middle age 26.5%, and senior citizens 20.3%. According to the disease distinction; neuro-system was 35.9%, respiratory system was 21.9%. In the Ward, 40.6% of ICU patients were restrained and 39.0% of pediatric ward children were also to restraint. 70.3% of patients were restrained under 5days, while 10.9% were restrained 10days. 2. Types of physical restraints were wrist restraint (45.21%), arm board (35.62%), leg restraint (8.22%), chest restraint (6.85%), elbow restraint (2.74%) and mitten restraint (1.37%). 3. The percentage was 3.5%, which was in 64 restrained out of 1828 hospitalized people. At 1st investigation, the ratio was 3.5%, the 2nd was 3.0% and the 3rd was 3.9%. 4. The reasons of using the physical restraint were 'to protect implements' (72.84%), 'to protect patients' (18.52%), 'to protect an operative site' (8.64%). 5. The result of the patients; family and nurses' response analysis was: 'It seems to be safe', 'It uses properly', 'It is convenient for relatives and nurses', 'It is helpful to treatment', 'Objective think it is not restraint' were 79.9%. 'It is discomfort and stuffy', 'The implement is ineffective' were 21.1%. However in interview of the patients who can do verbally communication, 6 of 7 was responded that 'It is stuffy and uncomfortable'. 6. When restraint is used, the main decision is usually made by the nurses 42.2% of the time. The statistics read as thus: nurses and the physician in charge 31.3%, nurses and family 12.5%, physician's order 7.8%, only family 6.2%. Although the record of restraint was only 15.6% so that only 10 cases out of all the 26 ICU patients restrained. This study shows that physical restraints which of infringe independent-right of patients, are used without using criterion, explaining the agreement. Also, subjective decision of physician, nurses, and family make the decision of using restraint. So development of practice manuals and rules for restraint implementation is urgent.

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