• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.361-371
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• 1998

Recent increases of asthma and allergies in childhood made the need for a standardized approach to international and regional comparisons of their prevalence and severity. To address these issues, 'International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)' is currently underway. In Korea, 'Nationwide Study of Asthma and Allergies in Korean Children' began in 1995 according to ISAAC protocol. ISAAC written and video questionnaires were used in this survey, but their reliability and validity were not evaluated properly yet. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the reliability and validity of two kinds of questionnaires and their usefulness in international and regional comparisons. The test and retest of two questionniares were completed by male(n=110) and female(n=111) middle school students with two and three weeks interval each. Kappa(or weighted kappa) were calculated from each questions and validity coefficients were estimated from those statistics. In Korean version of written questionnaire, the questions for allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergy proved to have high kappa values (or weighted kappa values) and validity coefficients and they can be used in further studies without any correction. But some questions about asthma(especially nocturnal cough, wheezing in exercise, and severe asthma) and drug allergy need to be revised for better under-standing to study subjects. Video questionnaire has the same degree of reliability and validity when compared to written questionnaire and this is the unexpected result. Accordingly, it also need to be revised to overcome the racial and cultural differences of the study subjects. In conclusion, the Korean version of written and video questionnaires may be considered to be useful methods in international and regional comparisons of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood after correction of some questions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 1984

Congenital Cystic Adenomatiod Malformation (C.C.A.M.) is rare, but one of the most common congenital pulmonary anomalies that cause acute respiratory distress in the newborn infants. It is characterized and differentiated from the diffuse pulmonary cystic disease pathologically, i.e. adenomatoid appearance due to marked proliferation of the terminal respiratory components. An 2/12 year old male patient was suffered from respiratory distress and cyanosis on crying since birth, but no specific therapy was given. With progression of symptoms, he came to Korea University Hospital for further evaluation and then transfered to Dept. of Chest Surgery for operative correction under the impression of Congenital Obstructive Emphysema suggested by a pediatrician. On gestational and family history, there was nothing to be concerned such as congenital anomaly. Physical examinations showed; moderate nourishment and development (Wt. 5.5kg), cyanosis on crying, both intercostal and lower sternal retraction on inspiration, Lt. chest building with tympany, Rt. shifting of cardiac dullness, decreased breathing sound with expiratory wheezing on entire Lt. lung field, decreased breathing sound on Rt. upper lung filed, and tachycardia. The remainders were nonspecific. Laboratory findings were normal except WBC $14000/mm^3$ (lymphocyte 70%), Hgb 9.8m%, Hct 28%, negative Mantaux test, and sinus tachycardia and counter-clockwise rotation on EKG. Preoperative simple Chest PA revealed marked hyperlucent entire Lt. lung, herniation of Lt. upper lobe to Rt., collapsed Rt. upper lobe, tracheal deviation and mediastinal shifting to Rt., and no pleural reaction. At operation, after Lt. posterolateral thoracotomy, 4th rib was resected. Operative findings were severe emphysematous changes limited to both lingular segmentectomy was done. The resected specimen showed slight solidity, measuring $8{\times}4.5{\times}2cm$ in size, and small multiple cystic spaces filled with air. Microscopically, entire tissue structures were glandular in appearance, cyst were lined by ciliated columnar epithelium, and occasional cartilages were noted around the cystic spaces. Bronchial elements were dilated but normal pattern on histologically. The patient had a good postoperative courses clinically and radiologically, and discharged on POD 10th without event. The authors report a case of Cogenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (C.C.A.M.)

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.799-809
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• 2011

Objectives: This study is aimed at identifying the influential factors on the pulmonary function of ordinary residents in the surrounding areas of Yeosu Industrial Complex. Methods: The PFT (Pulmonary Function Test) was conducted on the target residents numbering 989 people (male 361, female 628). The exposed group (813 people) resided within the radius of 5km from Yeosu Industrial Complex and the control group (176 people) resided in the radius of more than 15 km from May 2007 to November 2007. The survey also took into account other factors including personal characteristics, life habits, respiratory diseases and allergic symptoms, medical histories, and the living environments of the residents in order to further identify influential factors on pulmonary function. Result: When comparing the PFT values of the exposure groups to the control group of the same city, values of the exposure groups were meaningfully lower with an %$FEV_1$ of 107.05% and %FVC of 100.28%. Conversely, the control group reported an %$FEV_1$ and %FVC of 107.26% and 102.85% respectively, indicating that ambient air pollutants reduce lung function. The odds ratio of asthma diagnosis history increased when a subjects residence was close to a heavily trafficked road, traffic amount was huge, a bed was used, and the family had less than four members. However the results were not statistically meaningful. The odds ratios of abnormal pulmonary function were statistically higher among those with asthma(OR=4.29, CI=1.75-10.56), wheezing (OR=2.59, CI=1.24-5.41), and nasal congestion (OR=2.87, CI=1.36-6.08) (p<0.01). The factors affecting $FEV_1$ were symptoms including asthma, passive smoking and allergic eye disease ($R^2$=0.049, p<0.001). For the FVC symptoms including asthma ($R^2$=0.014, p<0.001) were measured. The analysis showed that FVC decreased with increases in $O_3$ and CO(p<0.01). Furthermore, $FEV_1$ decreased with increases in $O_3$(p<0.01). Conclusions: These results will provide preliminary data for establishing responsive measures to protect the health of residents in industrial complexes from air pollution, and to develop lasting environmental health policies.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.347-359
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• 1996

기관이나 주기관지에서 발생한 선양 낭포암은 서서히 진행하며 조기진단이 어렵고 특징적인 임상적 증상이나 소견이 없어 만성적인 호흡기 질환과의 감별 진단이 힘들어서 질환이 상당히 진행된 후에야 발견되는 수가 많고 원격전이가 많으며 또한 대부분 재발하는 특성이 있으므로 치료후 10년이상의 세심한 추적관찰이 필요하다. 저자들은 선양낭포암이 좌측 주기관지에 발생한 58세 여자 환자와 기관후벽에 발생한 25세 여자 환자를 각각 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2010

Background: Data comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP-COPD) and acute exacerbation (AECOPD) are very limited. Methods: Eighty episodes of hospitalization in 65 CAP-COPD patients, and 111 episodes of hospitalization in 82 AE-COPD patients were included in this study. The baseline characteristics, clinical presentations, potential bacterial pathogens and clinical outcomes in these patients were retrospectively reviewed and compared. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups in parameters related to COPD and co-morbidities, except a higher rate of male among CAP-COPD patients. Clinical presentations by symptoms and laboratory findings on admission were significantly more severe in CAP-COPD patients, who showed higher rates of fever and crepitation, but less wheezing than AE-COPD patients. S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosae were the most common bacterial pathogens in both groups. With no difference in the overall hospital mortality between both groups, the mean length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the CAP-COPD patients than in AE-COPD patients (15.3 vs. 9.8 days, respectively, p<0.01). Additional analysis on CAP-COPD patients showed that systemic steroid use did not influence the length of hospital stay. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in bacterial pathogens and overall hospital mortality between the two groups, CAP-COPD patients had more severe clinical symptoms and laboratory findings at presentation, and longer hospital stay than AE-COPD patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권5호
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• pp.368-374
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• 2010

Background: Rhinolaryngoscopy and sputum examination are popular tests for the evaluation of chronic cough. Little is known about the relationship between symptoms and rhinolaryngoscopic findings or sputum eosinophilia in chronic cough patients. Methods: One hundred patients, who had chronic cough with normal chest radiography and who also had undergone both rhinolaryngoscopy and induced sputum analysis, were reviewed retrospectively. Eleven associated symptoms of chronic cough were asked; postnasal drip (PND) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) were examined by rhinolaryngoscopy. Induced sputum analysis was performed for evaluation of sputum eosinophilia. Cross tabulation analyses with chi-square tests were used to evaluate the relationship between symptoms and objective findings. Results: The most frequent symptom was sputum (70%). The prevalence of PND and LPR on rhinolaryngoscopy were 56% (56/100) and 25.6% (22/86), respectively. Sputum eosinophilia was observed in 23 (23.7%) of 97 patients. The dyspnea (p=0.001), sputum (p=0.003), nasal obstruction (p=0.023), and postnasal drip sense (p=0.025) were related with PND on rhinolaryngoscopy. LPR on rhinolaryngoscopy was not related with any symptoms. Dyspnea (p=0.003), wheezing (p=0.005), nasal obstruction (p=0.013), and belching (p=0.018) were related with sputum eosinophilia. Conclusion: Any symptoms might not be related with LPR on laryngoscopy. Some symptoms might be related with PND on rhinoscopy or with sputum eosinophilia.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.133-148
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• 2002

Objective : This study was to investigate more effective oriental medical treatment for Pediatric Bronchial Asthma Method : Aroma therapy and Herbal medicine was given to 28 pediatric bronchial asthma patients(19 males and 9 females) for about 5months from the First, August 1999 The Fifth, January 2002. Results: 1. Demographic factor : The sample consisted of 28 persons among whom 19 were male, 9 were female. The age ranges from 1 year old to 6 year old. Less than 2 year old were 4 and 2-6 year old were 20. 2.Residence : Apartment and villar dwellers were 19(67.9%), Residential street divellers were 9(32.1%). 3.Age distribution at on set : 6(21.4%) fell ill befor 1 year old and 22(78.6%) fell ill after 1 year old 4. The period of illness : 9(32.2%) suffered during 1-3 year and 6(21.4%) suffered during 6 mouth-1year and 6(21.4%) suffered during more than 3 year. 5. Frequency of the symptoms : The symptoms appeared 2-3 times a year in the case of 16(57.2%), one time a year in the case of 1, 4 times a year in the case of 6(21.4%). 6. Concomitance symptoms : All experienced coughing sign, wheezing, 23(82.1%) experienced epistaxis, nose dripping, 13(46.4%) got fever, anorexia. 7. Past history of illness : 16(57.1%) got brochiolitis, brochitis, 12(42.9%) suffered pneumonia, 9(32.1%) had allergic rhinitis. 2 had allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, 3 got atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma and 7 had allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchial asthma, 8. Family disease : In the case of family disease, 21(75%) had allergic dermatitis, 9(42.9%) had bronchial asthma, 8(38.1%) had allergic dermatitis. 9. The symptoms became very severe in the change of season in the case of 13(46.4%) and in the case of 11(39.3%), the change of season made no difference 10. Associated caused of induction symtoms : 28(100%) got sick by common cold, infectional disease, 8(28.6%) got sick by cold food, cold air 11.The kind of therapy : 15(53.6%) got oriental therapy after occidental therapy, 11(39.3%) took only oriental therapy. 12. Improvement degree of each symptoms : In the case of cough and wheeze that are the main symptoms of bronchial asthma, 78.6% and 64.3% of the patients replied < improvement > and in the case of dyspnea, tachypnea 41.7% of the patients replied . In other symptoms, all replied 13. Degree of satisfaction : 19(67.9%) replied , 2(7.1%) replied . Conclusion : Herbal medicine and aroma therapy proved to be a very effective oriental medical treatment for pediatric bronchial asthma.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.484-494
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• 2016

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the treatment effects of Chungsangboha-tang through retrospective chart reviews.Methods: Fifty-one outpatients who had visited the Allergy, Immune & Respiratory System Division at the Kyung Hee Korean Medicine Hospital and who had taken Chungsangboha-tang from February 1, 2006, to February 1, 2016, had their basic medical records and examinationsretrospectively reviewed with respect to IgE, eosinophil, AST, and ALT. The PFT results of 11 patients were also investigated with respect to FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC.Results: The percentage of males and females was 49.02% and 50.98%, respectively. The past histories of patients included asthma (66.67%), unspecified cough (21.57%), COPD (9.80%), allergic rhinitis (7.84%), and others. The subjective symptoms included cough (82.35%), sputum (39.22%), dyspnea (37.25%), and others. The most numerous pattern identification was wheezing dyspnea. IgE was significantly reduced, and eosinophil had a reduced tendency after 116.76±160.40 days of taking Chungsangboha-tang. PFT results also significantly increased after 213.09±266.62 days, while AST and ALT results showed a reduced tendency. In the asthmatic group, IgE also showed a reduced tendency. In particular, IgE was significantly reduced in patient groups taking medicine for more than 12 weeks.Conclusions: The conditions of patients with chronic pulmonary disease such as asthma and COPD significantly improved with Chungsangboha-tang after more than 12 weeks.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2017

부산지역 급성호흡기감염증으로 내원한 환자에서 호흡기바이러스 검사를 시행하여 아데노바이러스 및 보카바이러스의 특징적인 임상증상 및 유행양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 3,230명의 환자에서 총 1,485건(46.0%)의 호흡기바이러스가 검출되었고 이 중 아데노바이러스 257건(8.0%), 보카바이러스 68건(2.1%)을 확인하였다. 성별 발생양상은 남자가 여자보다 아데노바이러스, 보카바이러스로 인한 호흡기감염증에 취약하였으며, 모두 1~5세 연령군에서 높은 검출률을 보여 영 유아의 주요 감염요인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 주요 임상증상으로 아데노바이러스는 발열, 두통이 보카바이러스는 천명음이 통계적으로 유의하였다. 아형분석결과, 아데노바이러스는 1~6, 8형의 혈청형을 확인하였고 기존 분리주와 97% 이상의 상동성을 보였다. 연도별 유행 혈청형은 2011년 아데노바이러스 1형, 2012년 3형과 4형, 2013년에는 3형이 우점적으로 유행하였다. 아데노바이러스 3형의 경우, 대유행을 유발하는 아형으로 보인다. 보카바이러스는 모두 1형으로 나타났다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.394-406
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• 2006

Backgrounds and Objectives: Asthma is considered to be an inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and Pulmonary eosinophilia. And it is known the structure and function of IL-5, its receptor and the mechnism IL-5 triggered eosinophil accumulation and inflammaion of the airways. At this point of view, we assume which oriental materia medics can the splenocyte inhibit from secreting the IL-S in vitro. Material and Methosds: We used the splenocyte of mouse 8 weeks after its birth, and then cnltivated those into the 2 experimental groups and control group for 48 hours. The culture medium of experimental groups were made of $1{\mu}g/ml,\;10{\mu}g/ml$, oriental materia medics, representative. And the culture media of control group was given no oriental materia medica. Then, we assayed the quantity of cytokine-expression by the Sandwich ELISA. The quantifies of cytokine-expression of the experimental groups were compared with that of the control group which was standardized These method were used for the all of oriental materia medica treated. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that 12 oriental materia medica that inhibit the splenocyte from secreting the IL-5 in both $1{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;10{\mu}g/ml$ culture media. Those were Equiseti Herbs, Sophorae Subprostratae Radix, Moutan Radicis Cortex. Trichosanthis Radix, Buddleiae Flos. Cyperi Rhizoma. Benincasae Semen, Armeniacae Semen. Zedoariae Rhizoma, Astragali Semen, Dolichoris Semen. Lilii Bulbus, Asparagi Radix, Atractylodes Rhizoma White, Polygonati Officinallis Rhizoma. Conculusions: These findinga indicate that some oriental materia medica, specially Antipyretics, Herbs for Resolving Phlegm, Relieving Cough and Calming Wheezing and Herbs for Tonifring and Invigorating effects inhibit the splenocyte from secreting the IL-5. And further study experimented in vivo is needed for treating IL-5-driven inflammatory disease including asthma.