• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.100-110
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• 2000

음식찌꺼기의 사료화를 위한 발효처리시 수분조절제로 이용되는 재료 (톱밥, 버섯폐재, 밀기울, 야자박 등)와 발효방법 (호기성파 혐기성)및 발효기간이 음식찌꺼기 사료의 사료가치에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위한 일련의 시험을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 시험설계는 농가 지도자료로 활용 될 수 있도록 하였다. 참나무 톱밥과 소나무 톱밥의 NDF(중성세제 불용성 섬유)함량은 각각 건물기준 93.5%와 95.4%로써 사료로 이용하기는 어려운 재료라고 할 수 있다. 톱밥을 수분조절제로 50% 혼합하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 2일간 호기성발효를 했을때 NDF 함량은 발효 전 재료에 비하여 12% 증가했고 in vitro DDM (인공반추위 건물소화율)은 48% 감소했다. 참나무 톱밥은 소나무 톱밥에 비하여 양호하였으며, 버드나무 톱밥(80%)과 밀기울(20%)을 혼합하여 팽이버섯재배의 배지로 이용된 후의 폐재는 톱밥류에 비하여 사료가치가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 발효된 사료의 NDF함량과 건물소화율은 이용된 수분조절제의 NDF함량에 주로 관계된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 버섯폐재를 밀기울로 대체 했을때 밀기울의 대체율이 증가함에 따라 발효된 사료의 NDF함량은 직선적으로 감소했고 소화율은 직선적으로 증가했다. NDF함량이 높은 수분조절제를 이용한 호기성발효는 발효기간이 길어질수록 NDF함량은 증가되었고 건물소화율은 감소되었다. 그러나 밀기울 만을 이용하거나 밀기울이 함유된 수분조절제는 발효기간이 연장됨에 따라 조단백질 함량이 증가되었다. 혐기성발효는 호기성 발효에 비해 전 처리구에서 NDF함량은 감소되었고 건물소화율은 향상되었다. 버섯폐재와 밀기울을 수분조절제로 이용하여 실온에서 30일간 혐기적으로 발효한 사료를 유기산 조성과 pH가를 기준으로 발효상태를 판정할 때 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2003년도 추계 학술발표회 요지
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• pp.238-239
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• 2003

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1428-1432
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• 2002

Thirty-six (20 wethers and 16 rams) adult Gansu highland finewool sheep with an average liveweight of $19.42{\pm}1.83kg$ were used. The sheep were allocated to 4 treatments and confined in individual feeding stalls. The 80 day feeding trial was divided into 2 periods of 38 and 42 days. The sheep had access to clean water and were fed chopped wheat straw ad libitum. Daily supplemented diets of 150 g for the first period and 200 g for the later period were provided. The 4 types of supplements were: Wheat bran type (I), which is the traditional feeding practice in the area and the control group; Linseed cake type (II); Linseed cake+poultry litter type (III); Poultry litter+distiller grains type (IV). The digestibility trial was conducted using a total collection method at the end of the first period in the feeding trial. The results showed that the digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, CF, NDF and ADF in group II and III were increased to more than 50%. CP and NDF digestibility in group II were significantly increased by 23.6% and 25.5% respectively over group I (p<0.01) and by 10.1% and 13.1% respectively over group III (p<0.05). The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF, NDF and ADF in group IV was lower than group I by 4.4 to 8.4% (p>0.05). Compared to group I, group II and III increased straw intake by 17.6% (p<0.01) and 10.8% (p<0.05). The ADG increased from 16.2 g in group I to 45.3 g and 32.8 g (p<0.01) in group II and III respectively. The ratio of supplement intake to gain decreased from 10.7 in group I to 3.9 and 5.4 (p<0.01) in group II and III respectively. The ratio of supplement cost to gain also decreased by 60.0% and 64.3%, respectively. The wool growth rate and wool strength in these 2 groups were noticeably improved. This significantly enhanced the wool's textile value. The above parameters in group IV were lower than in group I, except the ratio of supplement cost to gain. This research indicates that local low quality nitrogen resources could be used effectively and economically to improve the utilization of wheat straw fed to sheep on smallholder farms under harsh loess plateau conditions in the winter.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the feeding value, meat nutrients and associative effects of a diet comprised of various corn silages inclusion with peanut vine or wheat straw in finishing beef cattle. Methods: One hundred and eighty Simmental crossbred beef steers were blocked and assigned to the follow treatments: i) whole plant corn silage-based diet (control, WPCS), ii) mixed forages-based diet (replacing a portion of corn silage with wheat straw, WPCSW), iii) corn stalklage-based diet (CS), and iv) sweet corn stalklage-based diet (SCS). Each group consisted of 5 repeated pens with 9 steers/pen. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic with same forage to concentrate ratio. Experimental diets were fed for 90 d. Results: The effective ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein were highest for WPCS diet (p<0.05), for neutral detergent fiber was highest in SCS diet (p<0.05). The average daily gain was greater for cattle offered the WPCS diet, intermediate with WPCSW and SCS and lowest with CS (p<0.001). The concentration of non-esterified fatty acid in serum was higher for steers fed with CS and SCS diets than those offered WPCS and WPCSW steers (p<0.001). The treatments did not affect the general nutritional contents and amino acids composition of Longissimus dorsi of steers (p>0.05). Conclusion: The corn silage-based diet exhibited the highest feeding value. The sweet corn stalklage and wheat straw as an alternative to corn silage offered to beef cattle had limited influence on feeding value and meat nutrients. However, the value of a corn stalklage-based diet was relatively poor. To sum up, when the high quality forage resources, such as corn silage, are in short supply, or the growth rate of beef cattle decreases in the later finishing period, the sweet stalklage and wheat straw could be used as a cheaper alternative in feedlot cattle diet without sharp reducing economic benefits.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.717-726
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• 2022

The study evaluated different molt-inducing methods to achieve the main goal of molting in commercial layers during molting and post-molting periods. A total of 400 60-week-old Lohmann Brown layers were randomly divided into five groups (eight replicates of 10 birds for each group). Laying hens in the fasting control group received no diet from day 1 to day 10. The second group received a molt-inducing diet recommended by the breeding company. The third group received a wheat bran-based diet. The fourth group received a commercial layer diet with 8,000 ppm zinc (as zinc oxide, ZnO). The fifth group received an induced molting diet given to the second group with 8,000 ppm zinc, respectively. Egg production in the fasting control group and groups fed a diet with ZnO were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those in groups fed the molt-inducing and wheat bran-based diets without ZnO during molting. Egg laying in the fasting control group was rapidly reduced and stopped on the 5.9th day of molting. In both groups having molt treatment with ZnO, egg production was similarly reduced and ceased on the 6.9th day and 7.0th day of molting, respectively, none of them differed significantly from the control. Layers fed molt-inducing diet or wheat bran-based diet did not reach the cessation of laying even on the 28th d of molting period. Relative weights of the ovary and growing oocytes of layers subjected to fasting or fed diets with ZnO were significantly lower than those of other groups. During the first two weeks of post molting, layers fed molt-inducing diet with ZnO showed higher egg production than the other two groups (p < 0.01). The eggshell strength in the group fed the commercial diet with ZnO was significantly higher than those fed the molt-inducing diet or wheat bran-based diets at 6 weeks of post molting (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the non-feed withdrawal molting using ZnO is more effective in inducing molting and increasing post-molt egg production and egg quality than other methods using a molt-inducing diet alone or wheat bran-based diet without ZnO.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.188-195
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• 2000

This study was conducted to measure the moisture content of powdered food using RF impedance spectroscopic method. In frequency range of 1.0 to 30㎒, the impedance such as reactance and resistance of parallel plate type sample holder filled with wheat flour and red-pepper powder of which moisture content range were 5.93∼-17.07%w.b. and 10.87 ∼ 27.36%w.b., respectively, was characterized using by Q-meter (HP4342). The reactance was a better parameter than the resistance in estimating the moisture density defined as product of moisture content and bulk density which was used to eliminate the effect of bulk density on RF spectral data in this study. Multivariate data analyses such as principal component regression, partial least square regression and multiple linear regression were performed to develop one calibration model having moisture density and reactance spectral data as parameters for determination of moisture content of both wheat flour and red-pepper powder. The best regression model was one by the multiple linear regression model. Its performance for unknown data of powdered food was showed that the bias, standard error of prediction and determination coefficient are 0.179% moisture content, 1.679% moisture content and 0.8849, respectively.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2008

본 연구는 볏짚, 보리짚, 밀짚 및 유채대를 이용한 액화공정을 적용하여 중유를 생산할 때 그 생산량을 비교하였다. 촉매제로 $K_2CO_3$, NaOH 및 KOH와 같은 촉매제를 사용하여 반응온도 $320^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 반응시켰다. 액화공정 시스템은 외부전기화로, 교반기 및 5,000ml 반응기로 구성되어 있다, 반응기에 식물체 잔사 160g, 증류수 2,000ml 및 촉매제를 혼합하였으며, 촉매제량은 식물체 잔사량의 10%(wt/wt)를 투입하였다. KOH 촉매제를 사용하며, 보릿짚을 이용할 경우 바이오매스 투입량과 비교하여 최고 중유 생산량은 29%였다. 바이오매스 발열량과 비교하여 식물체 잔사로부터 전환된 중유의 발열량은 55~66% 범위이었다. 밀짚으로부터 전환된 중유의 발열량은 약 6190 kcal/kg으로 가장 높게 관측되었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.519-519
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• 2016

Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) is a non-perennial canal in Punjab Province of Pakistan which provides irrigation water only in summer season. Winter and summer are two distinct cropping season with an average rainfall of about 161 mm and 700 mm respectively. Wheat-rice is common crop rotation being followed in the UCC command area. During winter season, groundwater and rainfall are the main sources of irrigation while canal and ground water is used to fulfil the crop water requirements (CWR) during summer. The objective of current study is to estimate how the irrigation water requirements (IWR) of the two crops are going to change under different conditions of temperature and rainfall. For this purpose, 12 different climatic scenarios were designed by combining the assumptions of three levels of temperature increase under dry, normal and wet conditions of rainfall. Weather records of 13 years (2000-2012) were obtained from PMD (Pakistan Meteorological Department) and CROPWAT model was used to simulate the IWR of the crops under normal and scenarios based climatic conditions. Both crops showed a maximum increase in CWR for temperature rise of $+2^{\circ}C$ i.e. 8.69% and 6% as compared to average. Maximum increment (4.1% and 17.51% respectively) in IWR for both wheat and rice was recorded when temperature rise of $+2^{\circ}C$ is coupled with dry rainfall conditions. March & April during winter and August & September during summer were the months with maximum irrigation requirements. Analysis also showed that no irrigation is needed for rice crop during May and June because of enough rainfall in this area.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.286-294
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• 2001

1999년부터 2001년까지 전국42개 지역에서 토양전염성 맥류바이러스를 조사한 결과 강원도 영월, 전라북도 무주, 충청남도 공주, 보령, 서천 포장을 제외한 37개 포장에서 BaYMV, BaMMV 및 SbWMV가 발생하고 있었다. 또한 토양전염성 맥류바이러스 상습 발병지 10개 장소에 겉보리 10품종, 쌀보리 16품종, 맥주보리 6품종, 밀 2품종을 파종하고 저항성 조사를 실시한 결과 겉보리는 조강보리, 쌀보리는 내한쌀보리 및 논산과1-6품종이 비교적 여러지역에서 저항성 높은 품종으로 나타났다. 그리고 일본에서 분양 받은 15품종도 대부분이병성으로 나타났으나 특이하게 익산, 영광 및 예산지역에서 저항성 품종이 많았다. 지역간 품종에 따른 바이러스 혼합 감염을 조사한 결과 조사 10개 지역 모두 BaYMV, 및 BaMMV가 혼합 감염되어 있었고, BbWMV는 예산, 진주, 나주 및 익산지역에 혼합감염되어 있었다. 그러나 영광지역에서는 사천6호 품종을 제외하곤 BaYMV만이 발생하였다. 일본 분양 품종은 예산에서만 BaYMV가 감염되었고 나머지 지역에서 모두 BaMMV 및 BaYMV에 혼합 감염되 어 있었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2011

The main objective of the study was to investigate the phytic acid contents of various cereals and legumes produced in Korea. The results showed that the phytic acid contents of buckwheat, foxtail millets, sorghum, millet, barley, jobs' tears, yellow corn and wheat flour (Urimil) were in a range of 0.13 to 2.27%. The contents of the phytic acid ranged from 1.03 to 1.16% for legumes including red Indian bean, black Indian bean, mung bean, and black soybean. The phytic acid content of brown rice was five times higher than those of 100% polished rice. The polishing process of the rice decreased significantly the content of the phytic acid. We estimate that the daily phytic acid intake from rice was changed from 653 mg/day in 1995 to 430 mg/day in 2005 based on the results of a national nutrition survey.