• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of seven dietary oils on the serum lipid patterns of rats. Seventy weanling Wistar Kyoto rats were divided into seven groups of ten rats each. Walnut oil (rich in PUFA), wheat germ oil (rich in PUFA), corn oil (rich in PUFA), canola oil (rich in monounsaturated fatty acids), fish oil (rich in PUFA), primrose oil (rich in PUFA), and palm oil (rich in saturated fatty acids) were employed for 21 days. Serum total cholesterol concentrations for rats fed palm oil, walnut oil, and wheat germ oil were significantly higher than were concentrations for rats receiving corn oil. fish oil, and primrose oil. The mean serum LDL cholesterol values for rats fed fish oil, primrose oil, and corn oil were significantly lower than those for rats fed walnut oil, wheat germ oil, canola oil, and palm oil. HDL cholesterol concentrations were the highest when wheat germ oil was fed and the lowest when fish oil was fed. The feeding of wheat germ oil and palm oil to rats resulted in considerably higher serum triglyceride levels than did all other treatments. The feeding of wheat germ oil to rats resulted in considerably higher serum phospholipid levels. Serum phospholipid concentrations were significantly lower in rats fed the canola oil, fish oil, ,and primrose oil diets, when compared to concentrations achieved with the feeding of walnut oil, wheat germ oil, corn oil, and palm oil. Palm oil, which has a high ratio of saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids, resulted in the highest serum total cholesterol and highest LDL cholesterol levels, while fish oil, primrose oil, and corn oil produced the lowest total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Wheat germ oil produced the highest values for HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids. In general, feeding oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids produced more favorable responses than feeding oils containing large amounts of monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2015

Most of the wheat germ in cereal grains is removed during the milling process. Various physiological effects have been reported for bioactive substances in wheat germ such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-adipogenic effects of ethanol extracts from wheat germ (WGE) and wheat germ fermented with Aspergillus oryzae (F-WGE) were investigated in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. The anti-oxidant activity of F-WGE was demonstrated by a dose-dependent increase in the enhanced scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radicals and $Cu^{2+}$-chelating activity compared to WGE. WGE and F-WGE treatment at doses between 10 and $400{\mu}g/mL$ did not affect the viability of HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. Intracellular ROS levels from $Cu^{2+}$-induced oxidative stress were significantly decreased by F-WGE treatment in HepG2 cells compared to WGE. Lipid accumulation was increased in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by $100{\mu}M$ $Fe^{2+}$ treatment, but the accumulation was strongly inhibited by $100{\mu}g/mL$ of WGE and F-WGE treatment. These results suggest that changes in bioactive substances during the fermentation of wheat germ can potentiate scavenging activities against transition metal-induced oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, we propose that F-WGE is a novel food materials and provided scientific evidences for its efficacy in the development of functional foods.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 1999

A growth trial was conducted to investigate the utilization of wheat germ meal as a protein source of formulated diet for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). Four replicate groups of the abalone average weighing 150mg were fed one of four isonitrogenous (33%) and isolipidic (6%) diets containing 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% wheat germ meal for 18 weeks. In addition, these formulated diets were compared with commercial diet. Survival rate, weight gain, soft body weight , and shell growth of abalone fed diets containing 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% wheat germ meal were not different (P>0.05) from those of abalonn fed the control diet and commercial diet. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in soft body composition of moisture, protein and lipid. It si concluded that wheat germ meal were be used as a partial protein source of formulated diet for juvenile abalone.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.478-482
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• 1995

밀배아를 저장온도 $30^{\circ}C$에서 산화반응을 시키면서 밀배아 지방질의 구성성분과 지방산의 함량변화를 관찰하였고, 이에 따른 카로티노이드와 토코페롤의 산화양상을 살펴보았다. 밀배아 지방질 구성성분의 변화를 보면 초기에는 triglyceride 함량이 66%, 유리지방산 함량이 7%였는데 30일 저장 후에는 각각 49%, 24%로 변하였다. 유리지방산의 조성은 초기에 lauric acid(29%), palmitic acid(21%), linoleic acid(20%)이던 것이 30일 후에는 linoleic acid가 30%로 크게 증가하였다. 밀배아 중에 있는 카로티노이드로는 베타-, 알파-카로틴, lutein, taraxanthin 등이 있었으며 이들의 함량은 저장 전에는 밀배아 1g당 각각 306, 59, 383, 356ng이던 것이 20일 저장 후에는 36, 4, 203, 149 ng으로 현저하게 감소하였는데 특히 베타-카로틴의 산화가 심하여 22.5ng/day의 최대 산화속도를 나타냈다. 밀배아 중의 토코페롤 동족체로는 알파-, 베타-, 감마-토코페롤 등이 있었는데 이들의 함량은 밀배아 1g당 각각 $55,\;48,\;38\;{\mu}g$이었고, 특히 가장 산화가 심하였던 알파-토코페롤의 최대 산화속도는 $1.26\;{\mu}g/day$를 나타내었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2016

Whole grain wheat flour (WGWF) is the entire grain (bran, endosperm, and germ) milled to make flour. The WGWF of 31 Korean wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were analyzed for the chemical compositions, and classified into groups by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCL). The average composition values showed a substantial variation among wheat varieties due to different wheat varieties. Wheat cv. Shinmichal1 (waxy wheat) had the highest ash, lipid, and total dietary fiber contents of 1.76, 3.14, and 15.49 g/100 g, respectively. Using HCL efficiently classified wheat cultivars into 7 clusters. Namhae, Sukang, Gobun, and Joeun contained higher protein values (12.88%) and dietary fiber (13.74 %). Regarding multi-trait crop breeding, the variation in chemical compositions found between the clusters might be attributed to wheat genotypes, which was an important factor in accumulating those chemicals in wheat grains. Thus, once wheat cultivars with agronomic characteristics were identified, those properties might be included in the breeding process to develop a new variety of wheat with the trait.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2000

국내에서 버려지는 쌀눈활용을 위한 기초연구로 쌀눈의 화삭성분들을 분석하였다. 일반성분은 수분 8.69%, 조지방 21.18%, 조단백질 16.50%, 조섬유 2.95%, 조회분 6.23%, 그리고 당질함량은 44.45%로 나타났다. 유리당은 maltose, glucose, fructose가 있었으며 각각 569.00, 68.80, 50.20mg/100g함유되어 있었다. 아미노산함량은 글루탐산이 1920.09mg/100g, 아르기닌이 15.03mg/100g, 아스파르트산이 1208.7mg/100g, 알라닌이 1001.2mg/100g으로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며, 함황아미노산인 시스틴과 메티오닌은 적었다. 무기질 조성은 8종류의 무기성분들이 검출되었으며 칼륨과 인이 각각 가장 많은 1217.80, 1766.22mg/100g이었으며 칼슘, 망감, 나트륨이 각각 36.60, 16.74, 16.22mg/100g으로 많았으며, 아연, 철, 구리도 각각 11.75, 7.99, 1.16mg/100g이 들어 이었다. 비타민함량은 5가지의 수용성 비타민과 지용성비타민이 토코페롤이 함유되어 있었으며, 비타민 E가 11.96mg/100g으로 가장 많았고 $B_1$과 $B_2$는 각각 5.69mg/100g, 0.45mg/100g였으며 비타민 C는 1.66mg/100g 그리고 나이아신과 비타민 $B_6$는 각각 2.96mg/100g, 0.69mg/100g였다. 지방산은 6가지 종류의 지방산이 함유되어 있었으며, 주지방산은 linoleic acid와 oleic acid로 전체지방산의 약 64%를 차지하고 있다. 또한 모든 유지류에 널리 분포되어 있는 palmitic acid가 22.2%였으며, arachidic acid도 3.1%였다. 16종의 flavonoid와 9종의 phenolic acid를 screening한 결과 쌀눈에서는 검출되지 않았다.