• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 습지식물의 유형에 따라 습지의 주요 수 환경에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 부유식물로는 부레옥잠(Eichhornia crassipes)을 침수식물로는 붕어마름(Ceratophyllum demersum)을 인공습지 실험구에 도입한 후 pH, 용존산소, 수온, 산환환원전위, 영양물질 농도 등 주요 수 환경의 변화를 조사하였다. 수 표면에 주로 존재하는 부유식물은 빛이 수체내로 투과하는 것을 막아, 다른 처리구에 비해 수온이 낮게 나타났으며 주 야 모두 상 하층 수온의 차이도 관찰되었다. 오염물 유입 후 모든 실험구에서 용존 산소가 일시적으로 감소하였다가 다시 회복되었는데 특히 수중에서 광합성을 하는 침수식물 처리구에서 주기성을 가지면서 증가하였고 상승폭 또한 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. pH 또한 침수식물 처리구에서 주기성을 가지면서 변동하는 것으로 나타나 용존산소의 경우와 같이 광합성의 영향임을 보여주었다. 본 연구에서 습지토양의 산환환원전위가 수생식물의 유무나 유형에 따라 영향을 받을 수 있음이 관찰되었으며 이와 관련된 생지화학적 기작에도 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 수체 내 총질소와 총인의 농도는 물만 있는 대조구 <물과 토양이 있는 대조구 < 부유식물 처리구 < 침수식물 처리구의 순으로 감소한 것으로 나타나 식물이 영양물질 제거에도 효과적임을 보여주었다. 부유식물과 침수식물 모두 조류발생을 억제하는 것으로 나타났는데 특히 부유식물의 경우 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 환경생물
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Small wetlands in an upland matrix can support diverse vegetation composition that increase both local and regional species richness. In this study we characterize the full range of wetland vegetation in an upland forest landscape at Dumyeong-ri, Gijang-gun, Busan. This wetland index can be calculated with species data, or with community type data as performed. Classified community types were used to describe vegetation at three wetlands and adjacent areas. The communities contained 28 species of vascular plants and 28 species were identified four plant community types. The Pinus densiflora type was dominated by Pinus densiflora and contained only four species. None of the plots had high proportion of standing water. The Carpinus laxiflora type had high obligate upland species (OU) and facultative upland species (FU). The Rhododendron mucronulatum type grew in over half of the plots included Pinus densiflora and Alnus japonica. Some species bother swampy areas adjacent to site C. The Miscanthus sacchariflorus type consisted of seasonal wetlands. The three sites contained nine species with the strongest indicator species being Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Miscanthus sinensis, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Sagittaria aginashi. This type had the highest proportions of obligate wetland species. Plant species richness averaged 5.069. Shannon-Weaver index of diversity also varied among the community types (F=22.7, df=4, 115), with the types FU having significantly higher value (2.746) than the others (1.057 for type FW and 1.600 for type OU). Regional plans including all of the diverse types of wetland vegetation in upland forests will contribute substantially to the conservation of plant diversity.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.720-761
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• 2022

This study surveyed the vascular flora present in abandoned paddy field type of 237 forest wetlands in Korea to provide baseline data for conservation, management, and monitoring and to support preparation for damage and climate change. The study period was from April 2015 to November 2021. The vascular flora of 237 forest wetlands by abandoned paddy field type were identified to consist of 128 families, 510 genera, 1,022 species, 27 subspecies, 87 varieties, 10 forma, and 1,146 taxa. 4 taxa were identified as grade II endangered wild plants, 185 taxa were identified as northern lineage plants of the Korean Peninsula, 43 taxa were endemic to the Korean Peninsula, and 58 taxa were rare plants as designated by the Korea Forest Service. Further, 296 taxa were floristic target plants and there were 86 taxa of invasive alien plants. According to wetland preference, 79 taxa (6.9%) were obligate wetland plants, 103 taxa (9.0%) were facultative wetland plants, and 61 (5.3%) taxa were facultative plants. Additionally, 66 taxa (5.8%) were facultative upland plants, and 837 taxa (73.0%) were obligate upland plants.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.264-274
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• 2020

경상북도 울진군 서면 왕피천 유역 생태·경관 보전지역 내 천축산 자락의 고해발지역에 위치한 4개의 소규모 산지습지 식물군락의 다양성과 그 분포 특성을 밝히고자 한다. 서식처 유형과 종조성의 균질성을 고려한 Z.-M. 학파의 식물사회학적 식생조사 방법에 따라 총 26개의 식생자료가 수집되었다. 우점 상관에 따른 식생 구분과 종조성을 고려한 식생 유형분류를 통해 9개 단위식생으로 구성된 4개 상관형의 식생 분포가 확인되었다. 진퍼리새-꽃창포군락은 연구지역을 대표하면서 우점하는 식물군락이다. 인간의 이용 이후 방치된 균질한 입지에 자연천이로 식생이 발달하고 있으나 면적이 좁아 기타 식물군락의 분포는 드물게 관찰되었다. 습지별 미세지형과 수문환경은 식생의 다양성과 분포에 영향을 미치는 핵심요소로 확인되었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2021

내륙습지에서 생태적, 환경적으로 중요한 역할을 하고 생태복원의 주요 재료가 되는 버드나무림에 대한 식물사회학적 연구가 수행되었다. 습지보호지역에 발달하는 버드나무림을 대상으로 Z.-M.(Zürich-Montpellier)학파의 방법에 따라 총 61개의 식생자료가 수집되었고 식물군락과 종조성적 특성이 밝혀졌다. 총 237분류군을 포함한 9개의 식물군락이 구분되었다. 높은 상대기여도(r-NCD) 값을 나타내는 버드나무류는 키버들, 왕버들, 선버들, 갯버들, 버드나무로 확인되었다. 종조성 분석결과, 벼과, 국화과, 미나리과, 마디풀과, 콩과 순으로 출현빈도가 높게 나타났으며, 생활형은 일년생식물(휴면형), 단립식물(지하기관형), 중력산포형(산포방법), 직립형(생육형)을 가지는 식물종의 출현율이 높아 Th-R₅-D₄-e로 특징지어졌다. 귀화식물은 12과 24종, 생태계교란 생물은 3과 4종이 관찰되었으며, 귀화율은 10.1%, 교란지수는 41.4%로 분석되었다. NMDS 서열법(non-metric multidimensional scaling)에 의한 식물종과 조사지점 간의 경향성 분석 결과, 조사지점의 해발고도와 습지의 유형이 식물군락의 공간적 분포를 결정하는 주요한 요소인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 비교적 해발고도가 높은 산지형 습지에서 다양성 지수와 균등도 지수가 높게 나타났으며, 해발고도가 낮은 하천형과 호수형 습지에서는 교란지수, 귀화율, 일년생식물 출현비율이 높았다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2006

The feasibility of the up- and down-flow constructed wetland was examined fur rural wastewater treatment in Korea. Many constructed wetland process was suffered from substrate clogging and high plant stresses because of long term operation. The up- and down-flow constructed wetland process used porous granule materials (charcoal pumice : SSR=10:20:70) for promoting intake rate of nutrient to plant, and especially flow type was designed continuously repeating from up-flow to down-flow. $BOD_5$ and SS was removed effectively by the process with the average removal rate being about 75% respectively. The wetland process was effective in treating nutrient as well as organic pollutant. Removal of TN and TP were more effective than other wetland system and mean effluent concentrations were approximately 7.5 and $0.4mg\;L^{-1}$ which satisfied the water quality standard for WWTPs. The treatment system did not experience any clogging or accumulations of pollutants and reduction of treatment efficiency during winter period because constructed polycarbonate glass structure prevented temperature drop. Considering stable performance and effective removal of pollutant in wastewater, low maintenance, and cost-effectiveness, the up- and down-flow constructed wetland was thought to be an effective and feasible alternative in rural area.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.491-499
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• 2000

Effluent concentration estimation equations for treatment wetland were reviewed with 3 -year experimental data. Four equations from USEPA, WPCF, Kadlec and Knight, and this study were applied to the over 100 data points of 1996 to 1999 study at the pilot plant in Konkuk University. The system was a subsurface flow type and consisted of 60cm depth of sand and reeds, and it worked continuously including winter with domestic sewage from school building. Generally, all the equations demonstrated reasonable agreement with experimental data and they could be used for design process if selected carefully. Among them, the equation from this study showed the best fit for the data. The reason might be not only the equation was derived from the experimental data, but also it included plant coverage parameter in the equation while others did not Plant coverage was proved to be an important parameter in the prediction of the treatment wetland system, and its inclusion in the estimation equation could improve the accuracy. Although existing equations could be used in the wetland design, pilot plant experiment for the anticipated condition and subsequent equation development can provide more reliable equation. It takes time to obtain meaningful data from wetland system. Therefore, timely onset of well organized study is recommended before large scale application of treatment wetland system to either point or nonpoint source pollution abatement.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2012

The performance and characteristics of nutrient removal in wetlands influenced by plant type. We tested a floating plant, Eichhornia crassipes, and a submerged plant, Ceratophyllum demersum, under the same environmental conditions to understand the differences in nutrient uptake by these different plant forms. The total nitrogen and phosphorus in the water decreased in the following order: Water Only < Water + Soil < Floating Plants ${\approx}$ Submerged Plants and Water Only < Water+Soil < Floating Plants < Submerged Plants. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations increased in both plants; however, the phosphorous concentration was greater in C. demersum than E. crassipes. The submerged plant exhibited higher phosphorus uptake per unit biomass than the floating plant, but nitrogen uptake did not differ significantly. These results suggest that the presence of soil influences nitrogen and phosphorus removal from water, and that wetland plants play an important role in the assimilation and precipitation of phosphorus. Understanding the differences in contaminant removal performance and characteristics of various plant forms can help in the selection of diverse plants for constructed wetlands to improve water quality and provide ecosystem services such as wildlife habitat and landscape enhancement.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.581-591
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• 2011

김승호 등(2011)에 의해 제안된 둠벙의 유형이 화학적 수환경 특성과 습지식물의 서식 유무를 반영하는지 확인하기 위하여 4가지 유형을 대표하는 CCZ 내 8개의 둠벙에서 습지식물상과 물의 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 연구결과 샘통형 둠벙에서는 양이온과 음이온의 농도가 모두 낮았으며, 다른 유형의 둠벙에서는 양이온 또는 음이온의 농도가 높았다. 특히 물흐름형 둠벙인 경의선 둠벙에서는 양이온과 음이온이 모두 높게 나타나 지표수가 주로 유입됨을 보여주었다. 대체적으로 물의 화학적 특성과 습지식물상은 둠벙의 유형 분류에 따라 나누어짐을 보였다. 그러나 CCA와 cluster analysis 모두에서 물흐름형 둠벙은 서로 연관성이 없게 나타났다. 이는 둠벙의 분류 시 논과의 물교환보다 급수원이 더 중요함을 의미한다. 그러므로 이를 반영하는 새로운 둠벙 분류체계가 고려되어야 함을 제안한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.435-442
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• 2013

The purpose of this study, the type of rooftop learn more about the psychological benefits to users has been carried out, and healthy college students were examined in 40 patients. Conduct research to make the rooftop of the type of lawn, trees, ecological garden, wetland biotope, flowering plant in Seoul were divided into six groups. Measurement methods based on the type designation of the Planting and landscape photography by once the participants for each 10 minutes to watch and mood state tests (POMS) and the mean fractionation (SD), based on survey information about the psychological effects were correlated. Mood States test lawn, tree-oriented type, flowering plant stability in type, kindness, openness, and the effect of raising warme there was a tension, anxiety, depression, anger inhibition was effective. In contrast, depression and fatigue are common rooftop greening, respectively. The results in terms of the psychological effects of the type of rooftop garden ecology and wetland biotope than lawn, tree-oriented type, flowering plant types of users with a positive psychological effect seemed to be better.