• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.549-556
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• 2014

This study evaluates the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a waterproof and breathable garment system and determines the factors influencing its thermal performance. The experimental garments were composed of underwear (shirts with 100% wool and 100% polyester) and outerwear (jackets and pants with a vapor-permeable membrane and a vapor-impermeable membrane). Data on clothing insulation in a dry condition ($10^{\circ}C$) and a wet condition ($10^{\circ}C$, 40% R.H.), evaporative resistance ($34^{\circ}C$, 40% R.H., and $10^{\circ}C$, 40% R.H.), and microclimate vapor pressure were collected and analyzed. According to the results, the thermal insulation of the experimental garment system ranged 1.27~1.40 in the dry condition and 0.40~0.89 in the wet condition at $10^{\circ}C$. Evaporative resistance ranged $41{\sim}525m^2Pa/W$. A decrease in thermal insulation by wetting underwear ranged 31~67% in the cold condition ($10^{\circ}C$). The breathability of the outer garment influenced the decrease in thermal insulation by wetting. The type of underwear fiber influenced the decrease in thermal insulation only when it was used with breathable outerwear. The vapor-permeable outerwear sample with polyester underwear (P_Perm) showed a larger decrease in insulation than that with wool (W_Perm). The evaporative resistance of the vapor-permeable ensemble showed no effect of underwear in the warm condition ($34^{\circ}C$), but polyester underwear showed lower evaporative resistance than wool in the cold condition ($10^{\circ}C$). The vapor-impermeable ensemble showed no difference in evaporative resistance between polyester underwear and wool underwear in both conditions. Future research should consider various clothing ensemble combinations and environmental conditions and evaluate wear comfort by using human subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.157-165
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• 2008

Transient thermal response of five types of underwear(cotton jersey, wool jersey, nylon jersey, cotton mesh and polyester mesh) for a protective coverall is evaluated using a sweating thermal manikin. Experimental protocol for transient thermal response of the sweating thermal manikin was also proposed. As results, it was found that steady state thermal response from sweating thermal manikin was not sensitive enough to evaluate thermal comfort of the experimental garments. However, when half time is used as an index of the heat flux change in transient thermal response, difference was found among underwear materials. Half time of cotton was the shortest and heat transfer of cotton was the fastest followed by polyester mesh, cotton jersey, nylon jersey and wool jersey. Dynamic thermal response of wool underwear was quite different from that of cotton underwear. Wool shows quite less heat flow at the initial stage, however, moisture permeability of wool was higher than cotton at the later stage. It was difficult to distinguish surface temperature difference visually using thermogram taken right before the completion of dry and wet test in steady state thermal response.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Recently, polyester is widely used in textile fabrics due to its application potentials in various fields. It is known that askin fabric is prepared with mainly polyester and is enjoyed with various end uses such as marine clothing, underwear, shirts, swimming suits and so on. For this purpose, color fastness should be considered with great importance during its wet processing step. In this context, vat dyes were very much attracted due to the advantage of superior fastness property. Thus, we have used indigo dye towards askin fabric dyeings and investigated corresponding properties namely, dyeing temperature, concentration of dye, reducing agent amount and alkali amount. The results showed that higher color strengths of indigo dyeing on askin fabric were obtained at $110^{\circ}C$, 8% o.w.f, 3g/l, 5g/l, respectively. The color fastness to washing was considerable generally.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.553-562
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• 2010

This survey investigates the conditions of summer working uniforms for contracted foodservice workers. The data were obtained from 67 workers through in-depth interviews (July 2005~October 2005). The results of study are as follows: The working environment changed to menu and cooking method (air temperature $28\sim37^{\circ}C$, humidity 72~86 %RH, radiant temperature $27\sim37^{\circ}C$, air velocity 0.14~0.37m/sec). They answered that the working environment has high temperatures, humidity, excessive noise, and liability to slide. The typical accidents were burns, cuts, slide, and ligament injuries in the workplace. Work duties consisted of cooking, serving food, washing, and cleaning up leftover food. All the employees carried out multi tasks. The primary working postures and motions were standing, crouching, and lifting. The female workers usually wore underwear (panty and brassiere), upper and lower work wear, aprons, waterproof-aprons, cotton-gloves, rubber-gloves, socks, and rubber-boots. The satisfaction of the uniform was relatively low for trousers and waterproof-aprons. The answer about the fit was generally "comfortable." They answered "back," "chest," and "head" were wet with perspiration during work. The uncomfortable parts were the crotch and neck. Questions concerning their satisfaction with the material of uniforms indicated a high rate of dissatisfaction, particularly for ventilation and absorbency. In case of the colors of the working uniform, workers preferred white color for the upper part, and black color for the lower part.