• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.246-260
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• 2014

90m 고해상도 SRTM 지형자료를 장착한 WRF 수치모형을 이용하여 광릉 활엽수림 KoFlux 타워(GDK)와 침엽수림 KoFlux 타워(GCK)가 위치한 계곡 및 주변에서의 국지 대기순환을 식생-대기 이산화탄소 순환 및 미기상학적 관점에서 연구하였다. 지표 부근 온도와 바람에 대하여 모형과 관측 결과를 비교함으로써 모형의 전반적인 성능을 평가하였고, 연구 지역에 국지순환이 발생한 맑은 날(Case I)과 흐린 날(Case II) 사례를 선정하여 수치모의를 수행하고 그 결과를 정성적으로 분석하였다. 관측된 바람장은 GDK와 GCK 간에, 또 Case I과 Case II 간에 주간 및 야간 국지풍의 시작, 종료, 지속시간, 강도 등에 차이를 보였다. 모형의 수치모의 결과들은 광릉 KoFlux 타워 관측으로부터 그 가능성이 제기된 관측지 계곡의 배수류가 실제로 존재함을 증거하였다. 전반적으로 모형이 모의한 바람장은 아침의 배수류-사면활승풍 전이와 저녁의 사면활승풍 역전 등을 포함하여 계곡 및 주변에서 관측된 국지풍의 일변화를 현실적으로 모사하였다. 또한 국지풍 간 상호작용의 복잡성도 지시하였는데, 가령 주간에 광릉 관측지 계곡 내부의 서풍은 반드시 산풍인 것은 아니었으며, 종종 약한 종관규모 바람 또는 서쪽에서 불어온 해풍과 같은 보다 큰 규모의 중규모 바람 등 다른 풍계와 결합이 되어 있었다. 광릉 생태계의 에너지, 물질, 정보 흐름의 시공간적 변동을 입체적으로 이해하는데 있어서 이러한 고해상도 국지순환 수치모의 결과는 상당히 유용한 것으로 판단되며, 구축된 국지모의 시스템을 지속적으로 개선하는 노력이 향후 뒤따라야 할 것이다. 아울러, 다른 농림생태계 관측지도 모의 영역에 포함시켜 모형 결과의 활용도를 넓힐 필요가 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.411-427
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• 1996

A Lagrangian dispersion model has been developed to study the transport of atmospheric pollutants over the southern Korean peninsula on sunny summer days. A mesoscale atmospheric model has been employed to provide the wind fields and information for turbulent diffusion for the calculation of trajectories using a conditioned particle technique. The model has been applied to the simulation of the transport of atmospheric pollutants emitted from five sources in the coastal locations under various synoptic scale winds. Under calm synoptic scale condition, the particles emitted during daytime are mixed vertically and transported toward inland by sea-breeze, according to the model simulation. The particles are then transported upward at she sea-breeze front or by the upward motion over the mountain, and some particles show tendency of returning toward the coast by the return flow of the sea-breeze circulation. The particles are found to remain over the peninsula throughout the integration period under calm synoptic scale condition. When there is westerly synoptic scale winds the particles emitted in the west coast can reach the east coast within a day of faster depending on the speed. With a synoptic scale southerly wind of 5 m/s, most of the particles from the fine sources are advected toward inland during daytime. During nighttime, significant portion of particles released in the west coast remains over the land, while most particles released in the east coast move toward the sea to the east of the middle peninsula.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Planting pine trees on the coastal dunes has been carried out along the East coast as well as West coast of South Korea. Although the artificial forestation has been regarded as a good policy that help to protect the coastal area from natural disasters, but its real effect to the landscapes is still unknown. In this study, we have installed a monitoring site with an automated weather station to study requirements for dune formation and its environmental changes in Osan beach, Yangyang-Gun, Gangwon Province. We analyzed the meteorological data collected from 2010 to 2019 and vegetational changes in the study area. As a result, the wind speed is decreased by around 30% and the pine-covered area is increased by around 300m² after planting Japanese Black Pine in 2015. At present, it seems that the eolian transport of sand particle is minimal, because the dominant winds are the westerly winds which is not landward but seaward, and because the surface roughness length is about 0.5m which is similar to that in the deciduous forest.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1991

It is observed that the outbreak of dust storms (yellow sand) from Northern China and Mongolia occurs a few times in April 1988 and 1990. It is found that a dust storm initiated with strong gusty winds after the passage of a cold front, particularly after defrost of the ground surface of a source region in the early spring. According to meteorological chart, satellite images and trajectory analyses, dust clouds invaded Korea in April 1988 and 1990 were landing in the sink area after 2 $\sim$ 4 days travelling for 2,000 $\sim$ 3,000 km from a source region. It was also observed that in the west coast total suspended particulated (TSP) were 100 $\sim$ 200 $\mug m^{-3}$ and sulphates $(SO_4=)$ were 3 $\sim$ 10 $\mug m^{-3}$. These values clearly exceed the concentrations of a background level measured in the Arctic and Atlantic Ocean. Trajectory analyses and meteorological analyses suggest that the high values occurred with prevailing westerly flows coming from anthropogenic sources in China. High concentrations of air pollutants occurred in the backside of an anticyclone and in the area "col".col".uot;.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.69-72
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• 2003

The meteorological model, CALMET, and its plume dispersion model, CALPUFF, were used in order to simulate the dispersion of $SO_2$ emitted from Yatagan Power Plant and its effect on Yatagan district in the episodic event on December 2 and 3, 2000. It is found that south westerly and light winds and the nighttime surface inversion layers lead to accumulation of pollutants over Yatagan district. The results are compared with the measurements done by Local Environmental Authorities of Mu la. The simulation results indicate that the maximum ground level concentrations were found northeast from the source, which agrees with experimental measurement. On the other hand, the magnitude of results obtained with the model shows some differences compared with experimental measurements.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.275-289
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• 2014

Asian dust (or yellow sand) occurring mainly in spring in East Asia is affected by the distribution of weather systems. This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of suspended particulate for Asian dust at Busan, Korea in 20 March 2010, which was one of the extreme case for the last 10 years. There was used the data of weather chart, satellite, automatic weather system (AWS), $PM_{10}$, laser particle counter (LPC), and backward trajectories model. In synoptically, the high pressure was located in the northwestern part and low pressure was located in the northeastern part of Korea. The strong westerly winds from surface to upper layer makes it possible to move air masses rapidly. Air masses passing through Gobi Desert in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia plateau covered the entire Korean peninsula. As the results of aerosol analysis, $PM_{10}$ concentration at Gudeok mountain in Busan was recorded $2,344{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2300 LST 20 March 2010 and their concentration was markedly increased at coarse mode particle. In surface condition, westerly wind about 3 ~ 5 m/s was dominant and small particles of $0.3{\sim}0.5{\mu}m$ were distributed on the whole. In heavy metal components analysis, the elements from the land was predominated.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1972

진해화학(4비)의 폐수가 경남 창원군 웅동면 용원리 김 어장에 미치는 영향을 조사하여, 1969, 70년도에 막심한 피해를 준 갯병과의 관계를 고찰하였다. 1. 해수 유동의 조사 결과, 폐수가 주입되고 있는 행 암만의 오염 해수는 조석에 따라 김 어장에 영향을 미치고 있으며, 이 결과는 공장 폐수 중의 F-를 추적자로 하여, 진해만의 오염 상태를 조사한 결과와도 일치하였다. 그리고, 북서풍 또는 서풍이 강하게 불 때는, 취송류에 의해서 그 영향은 증대되리라고 추측된다. 따라서, 북서풍 또는 서풍이 강하게 불 때 또는 소조시보다, 대조시에 갯병의 피해가 더 컸던 것은 폐수의 영향에 기인한 것으로 추정된다. 2. 폐수를 희석한 오염 해수로 김의 광합성을 측정한 결과, 200ppm까지는 대조구인 정상 해수보다. 약 $4\%$, 300ppm에서는 갑자기 약 $20\%$, 그리고, 1,000ppm에서는 약 $43\%$가 감소되었다. 한편, 폐수로 오염된 공장 및 어장 부근의 8개 지점 (Fig.1, $1\~8$)의 해수로 광합성을 측정한 결과, 오염의 가능성이 거의 없는 곳의 해수에서보다, 공장에서 가까운 곳의 해수에서는 $34\~21\%$, 어장내에 있어서, 조류 소통이 좋지 못한 곳은 $15\%$, 좋은 곳은 $5\%$씩 각각 감소되었다. 3. 폐수가 직접 김을 죽게 했는지의 여부는 고사하더라도, 저농도에서도 명확히 생리적 장애가 인정되었으며 환경 조건의 악변 또는 기생균의 기생 등 상승작용은 김에게 피해를 가중시켰다고 생각된다. 따라서, 폐수에 의한 생리적 장애는 김 생활의 기본적 여건에 영향을 끼치므로, 폐수의 영향은 높이 평가되어야 한다고 생각된다. 끝으로, 본 연구은 문교부에서 교부되는 연구조성비에 의해서 이루어졌으며, 연구에 협조해주신, 부산수산대학 교수 장지원씨(해수 유동 조사). 동 박정흥씨(갯병 현황 조사), 동 진평씨(광합성 측정), 그리고, 해운대임해 연구소 시설 사용을 허락해주시고, 원고를 읽어주신 동 소장 이병돈박사께 심심한 감사를 드린다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.322-331
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• 2007

In this study, we have analyzed $PM_{10}$ concentration measured at Incheon Regional Air Monitoring Network (10 stations) and meteorological data at Incheon Weather Station to investigate factors (i.e. wind direction, wind speed, relative humidity, major meteorological phenomenon, and sea-land breezes existence) influencing $PM_{10}$ concentration in Incheon during 2005. Statistical differences among meteorological factors were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test or Mann-Whitney U test. The main conditions causing high $PM_{10}$ concentration are summarized below; 1. When westerly wind prevailed (however, $PM_{10}$ decreased when winds were blowing from the east or north). 2. When the winds were calm, owing to accumulation of nearby emissions under stagnant conditions, or when the wind speed is in excess of 6 m/s, which shows the effect of fugitive dust produced by wind erosion. 3. Under the condition of high relative humidity and poor diffusion based on meteorological phenomenon such as fog, mist, and haze. 4. When the Sea-Land breezes existed, which occurred 70 days in Incheon during 2005 and contributed significantly to high $PM_{10}$ concentration in the coastal urban area. In conclusion, we have found that the meteorological factors have influence on $PM_{10}$ concentration in Incheon.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.441-455
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• 1999

Meteorological characteristics of three high-ozone episodes in the Greater Seoul Area, selected on the basis of morning-average wind direction and speed for the 1990~1997 period, were investigated. Three high-ozone episodes thus selected were seven days of July 3~9, 1992, nine days of July 21~29, 1994, and three days of August 22~24, 1994. Along with surface meteorological data from the Seoul Weather Station, surface and 850-hPa wind fields over the Northest Asia around the Korean Peninsula were used for the analysis. In the July 1992 episode, westerly winds were most frequent as a result of the influence of a high-pressure system in the west behind the trough. In contrast, in the July 1994 episode, easterly winds were most frequent due to the effect of a typhoon moving north from the south of Japan. Despite different prevailing wind directions in the two episodes, the peak ozone concentration of each episode always occurred when a sea-land breeze developed in association with weak synoptic forcing. The August 1994 episode, selected as being representative of calm conditions, was another typical example in which peak ozone concentration rose to 322 ppb under the well-developed sea-land breeze. All three high-ozone episodes were terminated by precipitation, and subsequent rises in ozone concentrations were also suppressed by a series of precipitation afterwards. In particular, two heavy rainfalls were the main reason why the August 1994 episode, with the highest and second-highest ozone concentrations during the 1990~1997 period, lasted for only a few days.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.359-371
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• 1998

감포-울기 연안에서 1987년부터 1994년까지 일어난 여름철 냉수대 현상을 수산진흥원의 연안정지 수온 관측치와 위성에 의한 해표면 사진, 그리고 SSM/I에 의한 해상풍 자료를 이용하여 연구하였다. 남서풍에 의한 냉수대의 반응 시간은 하루나 이틀정도로 아주 짧았고 냉수대는 울릉도 근해까지 세력을 확장하였다. 연구기간 8년중 남서풍 이벤트는 총 61회였는데 그 중 $80\%$의 경우 수온이 $1^{\circ}C$ 이상 떨어졌다. 바람합력과 최대하강온도와의 상관관계는 0.6으로 비교적 높았으며, 바람이 이 해역의 냉수대 발생 주원인으로 밝혀졌다. 감포 앞 해상에서 급격히 변하는 해저지형과 포텐셜 와도 보존 법칙에 의해 해안선과 분리되어 외해로 향하는 동한난류의 영향도 감포-울기 연안의 냉수대가 자주 출현하는 원인인 것으로 연구되었다.