• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.40-48
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• 2023

This study is part of a foundational research effort aimed at developing a suitability index for breeding grounds related to avian activities along the domestic South and West coasts, including islands. Focus Group Interviews (FGI) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analyses were conducted. The results are as follows. First, as a result of determining the value of the suitability of coastal bird breeding sites, the 'Natural Value(0.763)' was higher than the 'Artificial Value(0.237)'. Other artificial values were identified as sub-ranked except for 'Protected Areas' to ensure continuous integrity of breeding spaces. Second, as a result of re-establishing the 25 evaluation items classified in the two-time FGI as higher concepts, nine natural values and five artificial values were finally selected as a total of 14. Third, the results of the mid-classification evaluation of the importance of the suitability of coastal bird breeding sites were identified in the order of 'Ecological Value(0.392)', 'Topographic Value(0.251)', 'Passive Interference(0.124)', 'Geological Value(0.120)', and 'Active Interference(0.113)'. Fourth, the results of the priority of evaluation items of coastal bird breeding sites were in the order of 'Vegetation Distribution (0.187)', 'Area of Mudflats(0.118)', 'Presence or Absence of Mudflats(0.092)', 'Appearance of Natural Enemies(0.087)', 'Protected Areas(0.08)', 'Island Area (0.069)', 'Over-Breeding devastation(0.064)', 'Soil Composition Ratio(0.056)', 'Distance from Land(0.054)', 'Ocean farm area (0.045)', 'Cultivated land area(0.041)', 'Cultivation behavior(0.038)', 'Angle of the Surface(0.036)', and 'Land Use(0.033)'. It is judged that the weighting result value of the evaluation items derived in this study can be used for priority evaluation focusing on the coastal bird breeding area space. However, it seems that the correlation with the unique habitat suitability of bird individuals needs to be supplemented, and spatial analysis research incorporating species-specific characteristics will be left as a future task.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.9
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• pp.21-25
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• 1969

Various formulae for estimation of leaf production in mulberry trees were investigated and obtained. Four varieties of mulberry trees were used as the materials, and four characters. namely branch length (X, 1). branch diameter (X, 2). leaf number per branch (X, 3), and leaf area per branch (X, 4). were studies. The formulae to eatimate the leaf yield of mulberry trees are as follows: 1. Y$_1$v$_1$＝-115.760＋0.068X$_1$＋165.756X$_2$ Y$_1$v$_2$＝-221.500＋1.768X$_1$＋38.152X$_2$ Y$_1$v$_3$＝-253.826-0.116X$_1$＋289.507X$_2$ Y$_1$v$_4$＝ -157.559＋1.063X$_1$＋106.088X$_2$ where Y$_1$v$_1$, Y$_1$v$_2$, Y$_1$v$_3$, Y$_1$v$_4$, are showed the estimated yield of the each variety, namely Gaeryang souban, Ilchirye, Nosang. and Suwon Sang No. 4, respectively. X$_1$ and X$_2$ denote the measured values of branch length and branch diameter, respectively. 2. Y$\sub$7/v$_1$＝-118.478-0.665X$_1$＋184.445X$_2$＋2.346X$_3$ Y$\sub$7/v$_2$＝-217.432＋2.062X$_1$＋35.668X$_2$-1.058X$_3$ Y$\sub$7/v$_3$＝-206. 249-0.739X$_1$＋268.08X$_2$＋2.770X$_3$ Y$\sub$7/v$_4$＝-153.383＋0.009X$_1$＋2.024X$_2$＋0.171X$_3$where Y$\sub$7/v$_1$, Y$\sub$7/v$_2$, Y$\sub$7/v$_3$, Y$\sub$7/v$_4$, are the estimated yield of the each variety, namely Gaeryang. Souban, Ilichirye, Nosang, and Suwon Sang No. 4, respectively. X$_1$, X$_2$, X$_3$, denote the measured values of each character. branch length, branch diameter and leaf number per branch, respectively. 3. Y$\sub$11/v$_1$＝82. 567-1.283X$_1$＋15.501X$_2$＋0.640X$_3$＋3.511X$_4$ Y$\sub$11/v$_2$＝136.411＋0.311X$_1$＋1.921X$_2$-0. 217X$_3$＋0.214X$_4$ Y$\sub$11/v$_3$＝150.2Z7-0.139X$_1$＋11.788X$_2$＋0.143X$_3$＋0.381X$_4$ Y$\sub$11/v$_4$＝160.850＋0.323X$_1$＋66.076X$_2$-0.794X$_3$＋2..614X$_4$ where Y$\sub$11/v$_1$, Y$\sub$11/v$_2$, Y$\sub$11/v$_3$, Y$\sub$11/v$_4$, are the estimated yield values of four varieties, and X$_1$, X$_2$, X$_3$, X$_4$ denote the measured values of four characters. namely branch length, branch diameter. leaf number per branch and leaf area per branch. respectively. The estimation method of mulberry leaf yield by measurement of some characters, branch length. branch diameter. leaf number per branch and leaf area per branch. could be the better method to determine the leaf yield of mulberry trees without destroying the leaves and without weighting the leaves of mulberry trees than the other methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.196-213
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• 2001

A split beam ultrasonic transducer operating at a frequency of 70 kHz to use in the fish sizing echo sounder was developed and the acoustic radiation characteristics were experimentally analyzed. The amplitude shading method utilizing the properties of the Chebyshev polynomials was used to obtain side lobe levels below -20 dB and to optimize the relationship between main beam width and side lobe level of the transducer, and the amplitude shading coefficient to each of the elements was achieved by changing the amplitude contribution of elements with 4 weighting transformers embodied in the planar array transducer assembly. The planar array split beam transducer assembly was composed of 36 piezoelectric ceramics (NEPEC N-21, Tokin) of rod type of 10 mm in diameter and 18.7 mm in length of 70 kHz arranged in the rectangular configuration, and the 4 electrical inputs were supplied to the beamformer. A series of impedance measurements were conducted to check the uniformity of the individual quadrants, and also in the configurations of reception and transmission, resonant frequency, and the transmitting and receiving characteristics were measured in the water tank and analyzed, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Average resonant and antiresonant frequencies of electrical impedance for four quadrants of the split beam transducer in water were 69.8 kHz and 83.0 kHz, respectively. Average electrical impedance for each individual transducer quadrant was 49.2$\Omega$ at resonant frequency and 704.7$\Omega$ at antiresonant frequency. 2. The resonance peak in the transmitting voltage response (TVR) for four quadrants of the split beam transducer was observed all at 70.0 kHz and the value of TVR was all about 165.5 dB re 1 $\mu$Pa/V at 1 m at 70.0 kHz with bandwidth of 10.0 kHz between -3 dB down points. The resonance peak in the receiving sensitivity (SRT) for four combined quadrants (quad LU+LL, quad RU+RL, quad LU+RU, quad LL+RL) of the split beam transducer was observed all at 75.0 kHz and the value of SRT was all about -177.7 dB re 1 V/$\mu$Pa at 75.0 kHz with bandwidth of 10.0 kHz between -3 dB down points. The sum beam transmitting voltage response and receiving senstivity was 175.0 dB re 1$\mu$Pa/V at 1 m at 75.0 kHz with bandwidth of 10.0 kHz, respectively. 3. The sum beam of split beam transducer was approximately circular with a half beam angle of $9.0^\circ$ at -3 dB points all in both axis of the horizontal plane and the vertical plane. The first measured side lobe levels for the sum beam of split beam transducer were -19.7 dB at $22^\circ$ and -19.4 dB at $-26^\circ$ in the horizontal plane, respectively and -20.1 dB at $22^\circ$ and -22.0 dB at $-26^\circ$ in the vertical plane, respectively. 4. The developed split beam transducer was tested to estimate the angular position of the target in the beam through split beam phase measurements, and the beam pattern loss for target strength corrections was measured and analyzed.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.10
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• pp.35-40
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• 1969

Various formulae for estimation of spring leaf production in mulberry trees were calculated and obtained. Four varieties of mulberry trees were used as the materials, and four characters, namely branch length (X$_1$), node number (X$_2$), branch diameter (X$_3$) and branch number per stock (X$_4$) were studied. The formulae to estimate the leaf yield of spring mulberry trees are as follows: 1. $Y_1$v$_1$= -26.8939＋50.3950X$_1$＋1.1403X$_2$ $Y_1$v$_2$= -372.1091＋116.6371X$_1$＋0.1984X$_2$ $Y_1$v$_3$= 149.8203＋90.5125X$_1$-0.9775X$_2$ $Y_1$v$_4$= 108, 1496＋59.4533X$_1$＋1.4965X$_2$ Where $Y_1$v$_1$, $Y_1$v$_2$, $Y_1$v$_3$, $Y_1$v$_4$, are showed the estimated yield of the each variety, namely Gaeryang Seuban, Ilchirye, Nosang, and Suwon Sang No. 4, respectively. X$_1$ and X$_2$ denote the measured values of branch length and node number, respectively. 2. $Y_{7}$v$_1$= -54.4411＋32.9869c1.1127X$_2$＋21.7600X$_3$ $Y_{7}$v$_2$= -494.1480-1.8756X$_1$＋0.9788X$_2$＋110.0039X$_3$ $Y_{7}$v$_3$= 143.2836＋29.1779X$_1$＋0.1644X$_2$＋48.4135X$_3$ $Y_{7}$v$_4$= 1243.2549＋1.9454X$_1$＋2.7118X$_2$-75.6669X$_3$ Where $Y_{7}$v$_1$, $Y_{7}$v$_2$, $Y_{7}$v$_3$, $Y_{7}$v$_4$, are the estimated yield of the each variety, namely Gaeryang-Seuban, Ilchirye, Nosang, Suwon Sang No 4, respectively. X$_1$, X$_2$, X$_3$ denote the measured values of each character, branch length, node number, branch diameter and branch number per stock, respectively. 3. $Y_{11}$v$_1$=233.4780＋74.3713X$_1$＋1.2912X$_2$＋39.0420X$_3$-148.9300X$_4$ $Y_{11}$v$_2$=-317.0150＋15.l524X$_1$＋1.0861X$_2$＋156.7973X$_3$-148.3742X$_4$ $Y_{11}$v$_3$=178.7011＋29.8664X$_1$-0.2562X$_2$＋102.4632X$_3$-83.2693X$_4$ $Y_{11}$v$_4$= 264.0062＋47.7742X$_1$＋2.6996X$_2$＋92.8882X$_3$-192.3464X$_4$ Where $Y_{11}$v$_1$, $Y_{11}$v$_2$, $Y_{11}$v$_3$, $Y_{11}$v$_4$, are the estimated yield values of four varieties, and X$_1$, X$_2$, X$_3$, X$_4$, denote the measured values of four characters, namely branch length, node number, branch diameter and branch number per stock, respectively. The estimation method of mulberry spring leaf yield by measurement of some characters, in autumn the year before, could be the better method to determine the leaf yield of mulberry trees without destroying the leaves and without weighting the leaves of mulberry trees than the other methods.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-73
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• 2002

It has been reported that degranulation of mast cells in rats, rabbits and dog was observed after dosing xylazine hydrochloride(Xh) which has been widely used as sedative, analgesic and muscular relaxant. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to examine the relations between Xh and histamine release and to identify the action of ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptors which exists on the suface of mast cells. 1. The content of histamine within serum was measured with HPLC by performing the O-phthalaldehyde(OPA) fluorescent derivation. The pretreatment method had a little modification from the conventional method. The pretreament was carried out in the following method. 0.2$m\ell$ of serum and 1$m\ell$ of butanol were added to mixed together and then the liquid was centrifugally separated at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 2,000 rpm for 3 minutes. 0.4$m\ell$ of 0.1N HCl and 1.6$m\ell$ of heptane were added to 0.8$m\ell$ of supernatant taken from the liquid, and they were mixed together. This mixture was also centrifugally separated at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 2,000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was thrown away and the OPA fluorescent derivation was carried out with 0.2$m\ell$ of the lower liquid then, 5 minutes after mixing 400${\mu}\ell$ of 0.1N HCl, 120${\mu}\ell$ of 1N NaOH and 40${\mu}\ell$ of 0.1% OPA in the 0.2$m\ell$ of the lower liquid,120${\mu}\ell$ of 3.57N H$_3$PO$_4$ was added to the mixed liquid, and the liquid, was mixed again and syringe-filtered. Then, the measurement was done with HPLC in the 30 : 70(ν/ν) ratio of 0.004M KH$_2$PO$_4$: CH$_3$CN, flow rate of 1.0$m\ell$/min., and a wavelength of λex= 350nm and λem=444nm at the column temperature of 27$^{\circ}C$, using the fluorescence detector. 2. The content of histamine in each laboratory animal appeared to be higher in such an order as rabbit, rat, guinea pig, dog, Korean indigenous goat, swine, Korean indigenous cattle, Holstein, and mouse, of which the individual mean values${\pm}$standard deviation were 2.0668 ${\pm}$ 0.6049. 0.4999 ${\pm}$ 0.2278, 0.4241 ${\pm}$ 0.1974, 0.1054 ${\pm}$ 0.0556, 0.1028 ${\pm}$ 0.0276, 0.0972 ${\pm}$ 0.0513, 0.0872 ${\pm}$ 0.0373, 0.0717 ${\pm}$ 0.0379, and 0.0706 ${\pm}$ 0.0366, respectively. 3. The content of histamine was measured at the moments of 15-, 30-, 60-, 120-minutes after inoamuscular injection of 20mg/100kg Xh into two to 4 years old Holstein weighing 600∼700kg. The result showed that there was a significant increase at the times of 30- and 90-minutes after injection(p<0.05). 4. Intramuscular injection of 3mg/10kg Xh was given to crossbred pug dogs weighing 2.5∼4.3kg. The content of histamine was measured at the times of 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-minutes after injection. The result revealed that there was a significant increase at the times of 60-and 90-minutes after injection(p<0.05). 5. Intramuscular injection of 10mg/$m\ell$∼25mg/$m\ell$ Xh in concentration of 0.1$m\ell$ was applied to Korean indigenous goat over 5 months old. Then, the content of histamine was measured at the times of 15-, 30-, 60- and 90-minutes after injection. A significant increase was shown at the times of 30- and 60-minutes after injection(p<0.05). 6. The content of histamine was measured at the moments of 30- and 60-minutes after intramuscular injection of 0.1-0.2$m\ell$ Xh (20mg/$m\ell$) into male rabbits weighting 2.5-4kg. A significant increase was found at the moment of 60 minutes after injection(p<0.001). 7. After administering Xh to the mast cell taken from the abdominal cavity of mouse, the content of histamine was measured. The result showed that the higher the concentration, the more significantly the content of histamine was increased(p<0.05). 8. Compound 48/80 was administered in concentration of 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ to the mast cell picked from the abdominal cavity of mouse. The result showed that there was a significant increase in the content of histamine in case of the concentration of 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$(p<0.05). It was found to be about 10,000 to 500,000 times stronger than the Xh. 9. After premedication of 1mg/kg of yohimbine hydrochloride as ${\alpha}$$_2$-adrenergic antagonist to rabbits, the Xh was administered to them. The result was that the value of histamine within serum was decreased significantly(p<0.001). 10. After premeditation of 1mg/kg of prazosin hydrochloride as ${\alpha}$$_1$-adrenergic antagonist to rabbits, the Xh was administered to them. It was found that the value of histamine within serum was decreased significantly(p<0.005). 11, Prazosin hydrochloride and yohimbine hydrochloride as ${\alpha}$$_1$-adrenergic antagonist, respectively, and ${\alpha}$$_2$-adrenergic antagonist were administerd. In this case, the value of histamine within serum was decreased significantly(p<0.0001). As the results, when the Xh is administered to various kinds of animals, the amount of histamine release within serum is increased. In view of the results so far achieved, it is concluded that Xh acted on both a$_1$-adrenoreceptor and ${\alpha}$$_2$-adrenoreceptor induces the degranulation of mast cell.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 1986

Carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning has been one of the major environmental problems because of the tissue hypoxia, especially brain tissue hypoxia, due to the great affinity of CO with hemoglobin. Inhalation of the pure oxygen$(0_2)$ under the high atmospheric pressure has been considered as the best treatment of CO poisoning by the supply of $0_2$ to hypoxic tissues with dissolved from in plasma and also by the rapid elimination of CO from the carboxyhemoglobin(HbCO). Hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$ was rapidly decomposed to water and $0_2$ under the presence of catalase in the blood, but the intravenous administration of $H_2O_2$ is hazardous because of the formation of methemoglobin and air embolism. However, it was reported that the enema of $H_2O_2$ solution below 0.75% could be continuously supplied $0_2$ to hypoxic tissues without the hazards mentioned above. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of $H_2O_2$ enema on the elimination of CO from the HbCO in the recovery of the acute CO poisoning. Rabbits weighting about 2.0 kg were exposed to If CO gas mixture with room air for 30 minutes. After the acute CO poisoning, 30 rabbits were divided into three groups relating to the recovery period. The first group T·as exposed to the room air and the second group w·as inhalated with 100% $0_2$ under 1 atmospheric pressure. The third group was administered 10 ml of 0.5H $H_2O_2$ solution per kg weight by enema immediately after CO poisoning and exposed to the room air during the recovery period. The arterial blood was sampled before and after CO poisoning ana in 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes of the recovery period. The blood pH, $Pco_2\;and\;Po_2$ were measured anaerobically with a Blood Gas Analyzer and the saturation percentage of HbCO was measured by the Spectrophotometric method. The effect of $H_2O_2$ enema on the recovery from the acute CO poisoning was observed and compared with the room air group and the 100% $0_2$ inhalation group. The results obtained from the experiment are as follows: The pH of arterial blood was significantly decreased after CO poisoning and until the first 15 minutes of the recovery period in all groups. Thereafter, it was slowly increased to the level of the before CO poisoning, but the recovery of pH of the $H_2O_2$ enema group was more delayed than that of the other groups during the recovery period. $Paco_2$ was significantly decreased after CO poisoning in all groups. Boring the recovery Period, $Paco_2$ of the room air group was completely recovered to the level of the before CO Poisoning, but that of the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group and the $H_2O_2$ enema group was not recovered until the 90 minutes of the recovery period. $Paco_2$ was slightly decreased after CO poisoning. During the recovery Period, it was markedly increased in the first 15 minutes and maintained the level above that before CO Poisoning in all groups. Furthermore $Paco_2$ of the $H_2O_2$ enema group was 102 to 107 mmHg and it was about 10 mmHg higher than that of the room air group during the recovery period. The saturation percentage of HbCO was increased up to the range of 54 to 72 percents after CO poisoning and in general it was generally diminished during the recovery period. However in the $H_2O_2$ enema group the diminution of the saturation percentage of HbCO was generally faster than that of the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group and the room air group, and its diminution in the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group was also slightly faster than that of the room air group at the relatively later time of the recovery period. In conclusion, the enema of 0.5% $H_2O_2$ solution is seems to facilitate the elimination of CO from the HbCO in the blood and increase $Paco_2$ simultaneously during the recovery period of the acute CO poisoning.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.8
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• pp.11-25
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• 1968

Various formulae for estimation of leaf production in mulberry trees were investigated and obtained. Four varieties of mulberry trees were used as the materials, and seven characters namely branch length. branch diameter, node number per branch, total branch weight, branch weight except leaves, leaf weight and leaf area, were studied. The formulae to estimate the leaf yield of mulberry trees are as follows: 1. Varietal differences were appeared in means, variances, standard devitations and standard errors of seven characters studied as shown in table 1. 2. Y$_1$=a$_1$X$_1$${\times}$P$_1$......(l) where Y$_1$ means yield per l0a by branch number and leaf weight determination. a$_1$.........leaf weight per branch. X$_1$.......branch number per plant. P$_1$........plant number per l0a. 3. Y$_2$=(a$_2$${\pm}$S. E.${\times}$X$_2$)+P$_1$.......(2) where Y$_2$ means leaf yield per l0a by branch length and leaf weight determination. a$_2$......leaf weight per meter of branch length. S. E. ......standard error. X$_2$....total branch length per plant. P$_1$........plant number per l0a as written above. 4. Y$_3$=(a$_3$${\pm}$S. E${\times}$X$_3$)${\times}$P$_1$.....(3) where Y$_3$ means of yield per l0a by branch diameter measurement. a$_3$.......leaf weight per 1cm of branch diameter. X$_3$......total branch diameter per plant. 5. Y$_4$=(a$_4$${\pm}$S. E.${\times}$X$_4$)P$_1$......(4) where Y$_4$ means leaf yield per 10a by node number determination. a$_4$.......leaf weight per node X$_4$.....total node number per plant. 6. Y$\sub$5/= {(a$\sub$5/${\pm}$S. E.${\times}$X$_2$)Kv}${\times}$P$_1$.......(5) where Y$\sub$5/ means leaf yield per l0a by branch length and leaf area measurement. a$\sub$5/......leaf area per 1 meter of branch length. K$\sub$v/......leaf weight per 100$\textrm{cm}^2$ of leaf area. 7. Y$\sub$6/={(X$_2$$\div$a$\sub$6/${\pm}$S. E.)}${\times}$K$\sub$v/${\times}$P$_1$......(6) where Y$\sub$6/ means leaf yield estimated by leaf area and branch length measurement. a$\sub$6/......branch length per l00$\textrm{cm}^2$ of leaf area. X$_2$, K$\sub$v/ and P$_1$ are written above. 8. Y$\sub$7/= {(a$\sub$7/${\pm}$S. E. ${\times}$X$_3$)}${\times}$K$\sub$v/${\times}$P$_1$.......(7) where Y$\sub$7/ means leaf yield estimates by branch diameter and leaf area measurement. a$\sub$7/......leaf area per lcm of branch diameter. X$_3$, K$\sub$v/ and P$_1$ are written above. 9. Y$\sub$8/= {(X$_3$$\div$a$\sub$8/${\pm}$S. E.)}${\times}$K$\sub$v/${\times}$P$_1$.......(8) where Y$\sub$8/ means leaf yield estimates by leaf area branch diameter. a$\sub$8/......branch diameter per l00$\textrm{cm}^2$ of leaf area. X$_3$, K$\sub$v/, P$_1$ are written above. 10. Y$\sub$9/= {(a$\sub$9/${\pm}$S. E.${\times}$X$_4$)${\times}$K$\sub$v/}${\times}$P$_1$......(9) where Y$\sub$7/ means leaf yield estimates by node number and leaf measurement. a$\sub$9/......leaf area per node of branch. X$_4$, K$\sub$v/, P$_1$ are written above. 11. Y$\sub$10/= {(X$_4$$\div$a$\sub$10/$\div$S. E.)${\times}$K$\sub$v/}${\times}$P$_1$.......(10) where Y$\sub$10/ means leaf yield estimates by leaf area and node number determination. a$\sub$10/.....node number per l00$\textrm{cm}^2$ of leaf area. X$_4$, K$\sub$v/, P$_1$ are written above. Among many estimation methods. estimation method by the branch is the better than the methods by the measurement of node number and branch diameter. Estimation method, by branch length and leaf area determination, by formulae (6), could be the best method to determine the leaf yield of mulberry trees without destroying the leaves and without weighting the leaves of mulberry trees.