• Title/Summary/Keyword: weight sequence

Search Result 729, Processing Time 0.028 seconds

Pharmaco-medical Application of Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Insect (곤충유래 항균 펩티드의 의약학적 적용)

  • Lee, Joon Ha;Kim, In-Woo;Kim, Mi-Ae;Yun, Eun Young;Hwang, Jae Sam
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.26 no.6
    • /
    • pp.737-748
    • /
    • 2016
  • By this time, insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been characterized more than 150 peptides since purification of cecropin in the hemolymph of pupae from Hyalophora cecropia in 1980. Therefore, it is considered that insects are good sources of AMP selection. Insect AMPs are small (low molecular weight) and cationic, and amphipathic with variable length, sequence, and structure. They perform a pivotal role on humoral immunity in the insect innate immune system against invading pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Most of the insect AMPs are induced rapidly in the fat bodies and other specific tissues of insects after septic injury or immune challenge. Then the AMPs subsequently released into the hemolymph to act against microorganisms. These peptides have a broad antimicrobial spectrum against various microbes including anticancer activities. Insect AMPs could be divided into four families based on their structures and sequences. That is the α-helical peptides, cysteine-rich peptides, proline-rich peptides, and glycine-rich peptides/proteins. For instance, cecropins, insect defensins, proline-rich peptides, and attacins are common insect AMPs, but gloverins and moricins have been identified only in lepidopteran species. This review focuses on AMPs from insects and discusses current knowledge and recent progress with potential applications of insect AMPs.

Protease Properties of Protease-Producing Bacteria Isolated from the Digestive Tract of Octopus vulgaris (Octopus vulgaris의 장관으로부터 분리한 단백질 분해효소 생성 균주와 생성된 효소의 특성)

  • Liu, Qing;Ren, Pei;Piao, Meizi;Yang, Ji-Young
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.23 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1486-1494
    • /
    • 2013
  • A high protease-producing strain was isolated and identified from the digestive tract of octopus vulgaris by detecting a hydrolysis circle of protease and its activity. The strain was identified by morphology observation, biochemical experiments, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The protease obtained from the strain was purified by a three-step process involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, carboxy methyl-cellulose (CM-52) cation-exchange chromatography, and DEAE-Sephadex A50 anion-exchange chromatography. The properties of protease were characterized as well. The strain Bacillus sp. QDV-3, which produced the highest activity of protease, was isolated. On the basis of the phenotypic and biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene-sequencing studies, the isolate was identified as follows: domain: Bacteria; phylum: Firmicutes; class: Bacilli; order: Bacillales; family: Bacillaceae; and genus: Bacillus. The isolate was shown to have a 99.2% similarity with Bacillus flexus. A high active protease designated as QDV-E, with a molecular weight of 61.6 kDa, was obtained. The enzyme was found to be active in the pH range of 9.0-9.5 and its optimum temperature was $40^{\circ}C$. The protease activity retained more than 96% at the temperature of $50^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) inhibited the enzyme activity, thus confirming that this protease isolated from Bacillus sp. QDV-3 is an alkaline serine protease. Metal ions, $Mn^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$, were determined to enhance the protease activity, whereas $Ba^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and $Cu^{2+}$ were found to inactivate the enzyme.

Purification and Characterization of Bacillus subtilis JS-17 Collagenase. (Bacillus subtilis JS-17이 생산하는 Collagenase의 정제 및 특성)

  • Lim Kyoung-Suk;Son Shung-Hui;Kang Ho Young;Jun Hong-Ki
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.15 no.4 s.71
    • /
    • pp.657-663
    • /
    • 2005
  • Collagenases are generally defined as enzymes that are capable of degrading the polypeptide backbone of native collagen under conditions that do not denature the protein. An extracellular collagenase-producing bacterial strain was isolated from kimchi and identified to be Bacillus subtilis JS-17 through morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Optimum culture condition of Bacillus subtilis JS-17 for the production of collagenase was $1.5\%$ fructose, $1\%$ yeast extract, $0.5\%\;K_2HPO_4,\;0.4\%\;KH_2PO_4,\;0.01\%\;MgSO_4\cdot7H_2O,\;0.01\%\; MnSO_4\cdot4H_2O,\;,0.1\%$ citrate and $0.1\%\;CaCl_2$. The production of collagenase was optimal at $30^{\circ}C$ for 72 hr. A collagenase was isolated from the culture filtrate of Bacillus subtilis JS-17. The enzyme was purified using Amberlite IRA-900 column chromatography, Sephacryl S-300 HR column chromatography and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography The purified collagenase has an specific activity 192.1 units/mg. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 28 kDa by SDS-PACE. The purified collagenase has $100\%$ activity up to $55^{\circ}C$.

Bioequivalence of Alpit Tablet to Algiron Tablet (Cimetropium Bromide 50 mg) (알기론 정(브롬화 시메트로피움 50 mg)에 대한 알피트 정의 생물학적 동등성)

  • Cho, Hea-Young;Moon, Jai-Dong;Lee, Yong-Bok
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
    • /
    • v.32 no.1
    • /
    • pp.47-54
    • /
    • 2002
  • Cimetropium bromide, a quaternary ammonium compound which is chemically related to scopolamine, exhibits its antispasmodic activity by competing with acetylcholine for the muscarinic receptors of the smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract. The drug has been used for the treatment of various disorders involving spasms of the musculature of the gastrointestinal, biliary and genitourinary tracts. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cimetropium bromide tablets, $Algiron^{TM}$ (Boehringer Ingelheim Korea Ltd.) and $Alpit^{TM}$ (Hana Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the prior and revised guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The cimetropium bromide release from the two cimetropium bromide tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty normal male volunteers, $25.25{\pm}2.10$ years in age and $65.76{\pm}6.39$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After three tablets containing 50 mg of cimetropium bromide per tablet were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cimetropium bromide in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two cimetropium bromide tablets were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using non-transformed and logarithmically transformed $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between two tablets based on the $Algiron^{TM}$ were 2.19%, -5.97% and 3.49%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences $({\Delta})\;at \;{\alpha}=0.05\;and\;1-{\beta}=0.8$ were less than 20% (e.g., 13.71 %, 19.05% and 15.11% for $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$, respectively). The powers $(1-{\beta})\;at\;{\alpha}=0.05,\;{\Delta}=0.2\;for\;AUC_t$, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were 97.79%, 83.22% and 95.60%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ${\pm}20%$ (e.g., $-5.84{\sim}10.21,\;-17.11{\sim}5.18\;and\;-5.35{\sim}12.33\;for\;AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$, respectively). There were no sequence effect between two tablets in logarithmically transformed $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., $0.94{\sim}1.10\;and\;0.85{\sim}1.05\;for\;AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of prior and revised KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that $Alpit^{TM}$ tablet is bioequivalent to $Algiron^{TM}$ tablet.

Bioequivalence of Rispen Tablet to Risperdal Tablet (Risperidone 2 mg) (리스페달 정(리스페리돈 2mg)에 대한 리스펜 정의 생물학적 동등성)

  • Cho, Hea-Young;Park, Eun-Ja;Kang, Hyun-Ah;Baek, Seung-Hee;Lee, Suk;Park, Chan-Ho;Moon, Jai-Dong;Lee, Yong-Bok
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
    • /
    • v.34 no.2
    • /
    • pp.139-145
    • /
    • 2004
  • The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two risperidone tablets, Risperdal (Janssen Korea Co., Ltd.) and Rispen (Myung In Pharm. Co., Ltd), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The risperidone release from the two risperidone formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty four healthy male subjects, $23.33\;{\pm}2.10$ years in age and $69.24{\pm}8.05\;kg$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2\;{\times}\;2$ cross over study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 mg as risperidone was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of risperidone in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$,$C_{max},\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$,$C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Risperdal were 0.20, -1.29 and -11-09% for $AUC_t$,$C_{max},\;and\;T_{max}$, respectively There were no sequence effects two formulations in parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g.,$log(0.90){\sim}log(1.30)$ and $log(0.84){\sim}log(1.09)$ for$AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guideline for the bioequivalence were satisfied, indicating Rispen tablet and Risperdal tablet were bioequivalent.

Bioequivalence of Glimed Tablet to Amaryl Tablet (Glimepiride 2 mg) (아마릴 정(글리메피리드 2mg)에 대한 글리메드 정의 생물학적 동등성)

  • Cho, Hea-Young;Park, Eun-Ja;Kang, Hyun-Ah;Baek, Seung-Hee;Lee, Suk;Kim, Se-Mi;Moon, Jai-Dong;Lee, Yong-Bok
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
    • /
    • v.34 no.2
    • /
    • pp.147-153
    • /
    • 2004
  • The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two glimepiride tablets, $Amaryl^{\circledR}$ (Handok/Aventis Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Glimed (Kuhn II Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The glimepiride release from the two glimepiride formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with a variety of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution, water and blend of PSB 80 into each dissolution medium). Twenty six healthy male subjects, $22.65{\pm}2.19$ years in age and $66.55{\pm}8.85$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2\;{\times}\;2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 mg as glimepiride was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of glimepiride in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Amaryl were -3.70, -8.28 and 0.61% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., $log(0.84){\sim}log(1.04)$ for $log(0.82){\sim}log(1.03)$ for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guideline for the bioequivalence were satisfied, indicating Glimed tablet and Amaryl tablet were bioequivalent.

Biochemical Characterization of an Extracellular Xylanase from Aestuariibacter sp. PX-1 Newly Isolated from the Coastal Seawater of Jeju Island in Korea (대한민국 제주도 연안 해수에서 새롭게 분리한 Aestuariibacter sp. PX-1이 생산하는 자일라네이즈의 생화학적 특성)

  • Kim, Jong-Hee
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
    • /
    • v.48 no.2
    • /
    • pp.215-222
    • /
    • 2020
  • The marine microorganism PX-1, which can hydrolyze xylan, was isolated from coastal sea water of Jeju Island, Korea. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and chemotaxonomy analysis, PX-1 was identified as a species of the genus Aestuariibacter and named Aestuariibacter sp PX-1. From the culture broth of PX-1, an extracellular xylanase was purified to homogeneity through ammonium sulfate precipitation and subsequent adsorption chromatography using insoluble xylan. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography estimated the molecular weight of the purified putative xylanase (XylA) as approximately 64 kDa. XylA showed xylanase activity toward beechwood xylan, with a maximum enzymatic activity at pH 6.0 and 45℃. Through thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the xylan hydrolysate produced by XylA, it was confirmed that XylA is an endo-type xylanase that decomposes xylan into xylose and xyloligosaccharides of various lengths. The Km and Vmax values of XylA for beechwood xylan were 27.78 mM and 78.13 μM/min, respectively.

Identification and inhibiting effect of Lactobacillus salivarius the formation of plaque and the production of volatile sulfur compounds by anaerobic bacteria (치태형성과 혐기성 세균의 황화합물 생성에 대한 Lactobacillus salivarius의 억제효과 및 동정)

  • Kim, Mi-Hyung;Sun, Gem-Ju;Ahn, Yeon-Jun
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
    • /
    • v.5 no.2
    • /
    • pp.131-145
    • /
    • 2005
  • There are normal inhabitants doing medically useful functions in the body. There are many kinds of bacteria performing specific functions in the oral cavity. Two strains of lactic add bacteria were isolated from normal inhabitants of children's oral cavity, which inhibited the production of volatile sulfur compounds by anaerobic bacteria. The authors identified the isolates by 16S rDNA partial sequencing. 1. Two isolates were Gram-positive bacilli and produced hydrogen peroxide. 2. When Streptococcus mutans was cultured in the media, the mean weight of formed artificial plaque on the orthodontic wires was $124.4{\pm}30.4$ mg, whereas being reduced to $5.2{\pm}2.0$ mg and $10.6{\pm}6.6$ mg in the media cultured with Streptococcus mutans and each isolate, respectively(p<0.05). 3. The number of viable cells of Streptococcus mutans was $3.4{\times}10^9$ per ml in the cultured solution, whereas those of Streptococcus mutans in the combined culture with each of isolates were $4.6{\times}10^8$ and $2.4{\times}10^8$ per ml. 4. The optical density was 1.286 in the supernatant of Fusoacterium nucleatum after vortexing for 30 minutes, whereas in the supernatant of combined Fusoacterium nucleatum and each isolate, they were reduced to 0.628 and 00497, which the percentages of coaggregation between them were 2904% and 57.8%, respectively. 5. The optical density of Fusoacterium nucleatum precipitate was 1.794 in the culture media containing cysteine and $FeSO_4$ being reduced to 1.144 and 0.915 in the coaggregated precipitates of Fusoacterium nucleatum and each isolate. 6. The similarity values of 16S rDNA sequence between each of isolates and Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius were 99.60% and 99.73%, respectively, meaning that isolates were Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius. These results indicated that two strains isolated from children's saliva, which inhibited the formation of plaque and the production of volatile sulfur compounds, were identified as Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius.

  • PDF

Germ Line Transformation of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. with a piggyBac Vector Harboring the Human Lactoferrin Gene (락토페린 유전자도입 piggyBac 벡터에 의한 누에 형질전환)

  • Kim, Yong-Soon;Sohn, Bong-Hee;Kim, Kee-Young;Jung, I-Yeon;Kim, Mi-Ja;Kang, Pil-Don
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
    • /
    • v.49 no.2
    • /
    • pp.37-42
    • /
    • 2007
  • Lactoferrin, an ion-binding 80-kDa glycoprotein, has been suggested to have many biologic activities, such as facilitating ion absorption and having antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Several of these activities are likely to only be facilitated by human lactoferrin because they depend on the binding of human lactoferrin to specific receptor. To produce recombinant human lactoferrin to animal foods using transgenic silkworm, Bombyx mori L, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding for a human lactoferrin (HLf) from the mRNA in mammary tumor line (GI-101). As a result, the 2.5-kb fragment of HLf gene was cloned with pGEM-T vector and then this fragment was sequenced. In the nucleotide sequence analysis, single open reading frame of the 2,136-bp encoding for a polypeptide of 712 amino acid residues was detected. On the other hand, we constructed a recombinant plasmid(pPT-HLf), containing human lactoferrin gene for germ line transformation of the silkworm using a piggyBac transposon-derived vector. A nonautonomous helper plasmid encodes the piggyBac transposase. Approximately 6.7% of individuals in the G0 silkworms expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP). PCR analyses of GFP-positive silkworms (G0 and G1) revealed that independent insertions occurred frequently. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant HLf expressed in hemolymph has the same molecular weight (80 kDa) as a native protein. On the basis of these experiments, expression of HLf in next generation of transgenic silkworm is now in process.

Case Study on the Application of Chain Saw Machine for the Underground Marble Quarrying (갱내 대리석 채석을 위한 체인쏘머신 적용 사례연구)

  • Ju, Jaeyeol;Lee, Kwangpyo;Kim, Jaedong
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
    • /
    • v.23 no.3
    • /
    • pp.180-191
    • /
    • 2013
  • The purpose of this research was to find an optimal quarrying for marble by analyzing the applicability and the work efficiency of a chain saw machine newly introduced in the underground Baekwoon mine. From the test results of the physical properties of Baekwoon marble, which affects the efficiency of rock cutting, it was found to have similar physical characteristics as the ones which are now being produced in the other areas in Korea. And especially it shows isotropic property, which can be thought to be advantageous as a dimensional stone. To check the long-term quality of the marble as a stone material, several tests such as corrosion resistance test and abrasion test were carried out. It was found to be vulnerable to acid rain with decrease of weight and seismic wave velocity after applying artificial rain at pH 5.6 for 50 times. The percentage of wear from abrasion test was 22.67%. The working time and cutting speed of the chain saw machine were recorded and analyzed during the test-run at the quarry. The overall work cycle was assorted into 9 unit operations and the operating time per each unit was drawn. The operating times for the two cutting patterns, which could be possibly applicable to the work site, were compared. The results indicated that the pattern B, that the cutting sequence was set to minimize the movement of the machine, showed 6% less working hours than the pattern A, which first cuts the outer boundary. With cutting pattern analysis, the ore body in the Baekwoon mine was 3 dimensionally modeled and a quarrying plan considering the existing conditions of the marble was suggested.