• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.1263-1271
• /
• 2000

A total of 80 piglets ($5.85{\pm}0.62kg$ BW; 21 d of age) were used to study the effect of carnitine addition to extruded full-fat soybean (EFS) diets on the growth of weaned pigs. Pigs were allotted into five treatments based on body weight, in a completely randomized block design. Each treatment has 4 replicates of 4 heads each. Treatments were 1) SBM (positive control), 2) EFS without carnitine (negative control), 3) EFS with 50 ppm carnitine, 4) EFS with 100 ppm carnitine and 5) EFS with 150 ppm carnitine. During d 0 to 14, piglets were fed diets containing 3,400 kcal ME, 23% crude protein, 1.65% lysine, 0.9% Ca and 0.8% P and for the period of d 15 to 28, piglets were fed diets supplying 3,300 kcal ME, 20% crude protein, 1.55% lysine, 0.9% Ca and 0.8% P. The urease activity of EFS (0.18) were three times higher than SBM (0.07). During d 0-14, pigs fed SBM had greater ADG and ADFI compared to pigs fed extruded full-fat soybean diets (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio was not different among treatments. No linear or quadratic effect of carnitine addition was found in growth performance. During d 15-28, piglets fed SBM diet also showed better ADG and FCR with no significant differences among treatments. Feed intake tended to increase as carnitine addition level was increased (p=0.10). For overall period (d o to 28), the best performance was observed in pigs fed SBM diet. CP digestibility was higher in pigs fed SBM diet than piglets fed EFS diet at d 14, and DM and CP digestibility tended to be higher in pigs fed SBM diet at d 28. Blood metabolites (BUN, glucose and cholesterol)were not affected by treatments. In conclusion, based on the results of this study piglets at 21 d of age appeared to be not ready for extruded full-fat soybean (FFSB) in their diets. Piglets fed extruded FFSB showed decreased growth rate compared to piglets fed SBM diet. Nutrient utilization was also poor in piglets fed extruded FFSB diets. L-carnitine addition at the level of 50 to 150 ppm was not effective in improving the growth performance of pigs fed EFS diets.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.373-384
• /
• 2022

To improve the seismic performance of suspended ceiling structures, various vibration-damping devices have been developed. However, the devices made of metals have a limit in that they cause large deformation and seriously damages the exterior of the suspended ceiling structure from the wall. As a results, their strengthening effect of the suspended ceiling structure was minimal. Thus, this study employed a spring and vibration-proof rubber effectively controlled vibrations without increasing horizontal seismic loads on the ceiling to enhance the seismic resistance of suspended ceiling structures. The objective of the study is to examine the dynamic properties of a seismic damping-isolation unit (SDI) with various details developed. The developed SDI was composed of a spring, embossed rubbers, and prestressed bolts, which were the main factors enhancing the damping effect. The shaking table tests were performed on eight SDI specimens produced with the number of layers of embossed rubber (n_s), presence or absence of a spring, prestressed force magnitude introduced in bolts (f_ps), and mass weight (W_m) as the main parameters. To identify the enhancement effect of the SDI, the dynamic properties of the control specimen with a conventional hanger bolt were compared to those of the SDI specimens. The SDI specimens were effective in reducing the maximum acceleration (A_{c max}), acceleration amplification factor (α_p), relative displacement (δ_R), and increasing the damping ratio (ξ) when compared to the control specimen. The A_{c max}, α_p, and δ_R of the SDI specimens with two rubbers, spring, and f_ps of 0.1f_by, where f_by is the yielding strength of the screw bolt were 57.8%, 58.0%, and 61.9% lower than those of the conventional hanger bolt specimens, respectively, resulting in the highest ξ (=0.127). In addition, the α_p of the SDI specimens was 50.8% lower than those specified in ASCE 7 and FEMA 356. Consequently, to accurately estimate the α_p of the SDI specimens, a simple model was proposed based on the functions of f_ps, stiffness constant of the spring (K), W_m, and n_s.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.463-470
• /
• 1995

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, carcass composition, serum traits and in vitro protein synthesis of 3 day old Arbor Acres broiler chickens when dietary crude protein levels were varying in diets. Six replicates of eight chicks each (average initial weitht = 59.4 g) were randomly assigned to three levels (low, medium, high) of dietary crude protein at two levels of chromium (0, 200 ppb Cr/kg diet) as chromium picolinate. Six chicks/treatment were randomly chosen for analyses of carcass composition, six additional chicks/treatment were randomly chosen for analyses of serum components, and a chick/treatment was chosen for in vitro culture of liver tissue. Chromium picolinate did not affect feed intake, protein and fat utilizability, regradless of dietary crude protein level. But feed/gain ratio were more improved in groups fed the low protein diets added with chromium picolinate compared with groups fed the medium and high protein diets with chromium picolinate. Carcass fat tended to decrease whereas carcass protein tended to increase when added with chromium picolinate. Broilers fed diets with chromium picolinate exhibited lower serum triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations than those fed without chromium picolinate (p < 0.05). Both secreted and retained proteins in cultured acinar cell were higher in groups fed diets with chromium picolinate than those fed diets without chromium picolinate (p < 0.05). It could be suggested that chromium picolinate was effective in improving weight gain and nutrient utilizability when dietary crude protein was low (p < 0.05), and also effective in manipulating carcass fat when dietary crude protein level was high (p < 0.05).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 1988

For the purpose of producing low salt fermented anchovy by accelerated method with a strong proteolytic bacteria, in this study, a strong proteolytic bacterium was isolated from low salt fermented anchovy and its bacteriological characteristics and properties of protease were experimented. The results obtained were as fellows : three proteolytic bacteria, Aeromonas anaerogenes Barillus subtilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were isolated from low salt fermented anchovy($4\%\;of\;salt,\;4\%\;of\;KCl,\;0.5\%\;of\;lactic\;acid,\;6\%$of sorbitol and $4\%$ of alcohol extract of red pepper) after 40 days fermentation. Among these strains, which grow best at $30^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, B. subtilis was found the best proteolytic strain and benefit for industrial use as shown $0.95\;hr^{-1}$ of specific growth rate, $89{\mu}g-Tyr/hr.ml$ of maximum activity after 12 hrs culture in TPY broth. The protease produced by by B. subtilis showed maximum activity at $35^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, and molecular weight was estimated to be 23,000 by Sephadex G-100 filtration, and it was supposed to be a kind of metal chelator sensitive neutral protease from the results of strong sensitivity against EDTA, o-phenanthroline and metal ions such as $Cu^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Fe^{2+}.Km$ value of that by method of Lineweaver-Burk was determinded to be $0.73\%$ for casein as a substrate.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.291-298
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The Pedisole is a newly developed shoe-mounted wearable assessment system for analyzing balance and gait. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the parameters provided by the system for static balance and gait analysis of healthy adults. Methods: This study included 38 healthy adults (22.4±1.9 years) with no history of injury in the lower limbs. All participants were asked to perform balance and gait tasks for undertaking measurements. For analysis of balance, both the smart Pedisole and Pedoscan systems were concurrently used to analyze the path length of the center of pressure (COP) and the weight ratio of the left and right for 10 s. Gait was measured using the smart Pedisole and GaitRite walkway systems simultaneously. The participants walked at a self-selected preferred gait speed. The cadence, stance time, swing time, and step time were used to analyze gait characteristics. Using the paired t-test, the intra-class coefficient correlation (ICC) was calculated for reliability. The Spearman correlation was used to assess the validity of the measurements. In total, data for balance from 36 participants and the gait profiles of 37 participants were evaluated. Results: There were significant differences between the COP path lengths (p<.050) derived from the two systems, and a significant correlation was found for COP path length (r=.382~.523) for static balance. The ICC for COP path length and weight ratio was found to be greater than .687, indicating moderate agreement in balance parameters. The ICC of gait parameters was found to be greater than .697 except for stance time, and there was significant correlation (r=.678~.922) with the GaitRite system. Conclusion: The newly developed smart insole-type Pedisole system and the related application are useful, reliable, and valid tools for balance and gait analysis compared to the gold standard Pedoscan and the GaitRite systems in healthy individuals.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate effects of corn silage on final fattening performance, carcass characteristics, and gene expression of Hanwoo Longissimus dorsi muscle biopsy. Twenty one steers with initial body weight of control 291.5±6.5kg, corn silage 291.7.0±17.3kg were used for 18 months of fattening period. Average daily gain of corn silage tended to increase compared to control in early fattening period(p=0.092). Feed conversion ratio of corn silage was higher than control in early fattening(p=0.005). The animals in corn silage increased A grade 23% in meat quantity than the control. Myogenic gene expression on the Longissimus dorsi biopsy were compared between corn silage and control. The level of myosin heavy chain(MHC) I, IIX mRNA were greater than the control in the whole period(p<0.05). The level of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) mRNA was greater than the corn silage(p<0.05). Inconclusion, corn silage will be possible to use as an alternative concentrate feeding system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.44-54
• /
• 2002

The fresh eggs of African ostrich in Korea were used in this study to investigate their interior and exterior quality characteristics. In ostrich egg shape characteristics, long and short length were measured as 15.1~16.1 cm and 12.1~13.6 cm, respectively. The egg shape index was calculated as 81.0 and the egg shell showed a more g loss white in color than that of hen egg. Calculated breaking strength of egg shell and egg shell surface based on the equation were $41.155kg/cm^3$ and $804.7cm^2$, respectively. Average egg shell thickness including egg shell membrane was 1.89 mm and there are no differences among parts of the shell. The egg shell membrane thickness was 0.10 mm showing relatively thick in equator compared with that of blunt end. The ave rage number of egg shell pores was counted as $19.7/cm^2$ showing relatively high number of egg shell pores at point end and the total number of egg shell pores in an egg was estimated as 15,241. The relative port ion of each parts based on egg weight was estimated as 25.1% for egg yolk, 58.2% for egg white, 16.7% for egg shell and the ratio of egg yolk to egg white (Y/W) was 0.43. The average diameter and the ave rage height of ostrich egg white were 19.7 cm and 13.2 mm, respectively. Calculated the H.U (Haugh Unit) was -69.7 and the pH was 8.3. In ostrich egg yolk, the diameter, the height, the egg yolk index, and it's pH were calculated as 14.4 cm, 29.4 mm, 0.20, and 6.6, respectively. And the egg yolk color showed a more thin in yellow chroma compared with that of hen egg as due to it's thicker membrane.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) on performance of finishing pigs and indoor air quality in finishing building. A total 135 crossbred [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] pigs were randomly arranged into nine groups and assigned to three treatments. Pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5 and 1% level of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) until the market weight for 40 days of the experimental period. Average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved (p<0.05) with dietary supplementation of 0.5% fermented microbial complex (Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$): however, average daily gain was not affected by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$). Indoor ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the finishing building were significantly(p<0.05) decreased by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) compared with those of control, however, indoor carbon dioxide concentration was not affected by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$). In conclusion, the results obtained from this experiment suggest that the dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) for finishing pigs improved performance and indoor air quality in the finishing building.hing building.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2003

The preparation method of a soluble dietary fiber from oak wood (Quercus mongolica) and the effect of the soluble dietary fiber on physiological function in rat fed high cholesterol diets was investigated. The best condition for steam explosion method was 25 kgf/㎤ pressure for 6 min. The exploded samples were delignified by the filtration treatment with 1% NaOH for several times, which is the best condition. The enzymatic hydrolysis of Cellusoft cellulase was more effective than Onozuka R-10 cellulase. The manufactured soluble dietary fiber was assayed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and it was dissolved in water. Average molecular weight distribution of manufactured soluble dietary fiber was about 348-1,200 and it was assumed the oligomer form fraction. In order to compare the manufactured soluble dietary fiber with commercial soluble dietary fiber (pectin) on the physiological function, Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were randomly assigned to one normal diet and five high cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol. The high cholesterol diet groups were classified to fiber free diet (FF group), 5% pectin (5P group), 10% pectin (l0P group), 5% manufactured soluble dietary fiber (5M group) and 10% manufactured soluble dietary fiber (10M group). Body weight gains in all soluble dietary fiber groups were lower than FF group. Food intakes were increased in all soluble dietary fiber groups than that of FF group. Food efficiency ratio (FER) was significantly decreased in all soluble dietary fiber groups than that of the FF group, and it was especially was highest in 10% supplemented soluble dietary fiber group. The weight of liver of the soluble dietary fiber supplemented groups were lower than those of the FF group, but weights of cecum and small intestine of all supplemented soluble dietary fiber groups were significantly increased, compared with that of FF group. The weights and water contents in feces were significantly increased by the soluble dietary fiber. The activity of the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in soluble dietary fiber groups were significantly decreased than those of FF group. The hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity in all soluble dietary fiber supplemented groups were higher than that of FF group. The physiological effects of the manufactured soluble dietary fiber are the same as the commercial soluble dietary fiber (pectin). The preparation method of the soluble dietary fiber from the oak chips suited to its purpose. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1) : 9~17, 2003)

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.288-292
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has increased in children and in neonates, and is particularly associated with frequent use of central venous catheter in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. It is known that the morbidity and mortality of MRSA infection are low in neonates, as compared with adults. The objective of this study was to examine the difference in clinical characteristics between VLBW infants that survived and those that did not, a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) of MRSA. Methods: Thirty-four VLBW infants had laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection with S. aureus. We examined the incidence, mortality and morbidity of CRBSI, and predictive factors associated with mortality. Results: Twenty-six infants had same pathogen (24 MRSA, 2 Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) in the blood and in the catheter tip. Eight infants (25.8%) died in the CRBSI and they all had MRSA blood infections. Sex ratio, gestational age, duration between blood collection and identification of pathogens, and WBC and platelet count were not significantly different between patients that died from and patients that survived CRBSI of MRSA. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher in VLBW infants that died. Mean age of onset and hospital day was earlier (9.1${\pm}$6.6 vs. 26.9${\pm}$20.2; P=0.005) and shorter for patients that died (10.1${\pm}$7.0 vs. 73.0${\pm}$32.4; P=0.000). Two survivors had complications of pyogenic arthritis of the lower extremities and soft tissue infection, respectively. Conclusion: Mortality of CRBSI was likely to be high in VLBW infants and might be anticipated by CRP and early onset of disease.