• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.105-113
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• 2006

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures in which fine(S) and coarse(G) aggregate was fully replaced with fly ash(FA). And flowability reduction problem in a large amount of fly ash concrete settled addition water($W_f$) in concrete mixture. In the test, water-cement ratio($W_c/C$) was 0.35, 0.45, and water-fly ash ratio($W_f/FA$) was 0.35, 0.45. The fly ash replacement is two different method of P and Q. The P method is mix property that the fly ash and addition water($W_f$) weight is equal to the aggregate weight [ $FA+W_f$ = G (or S)]. The Q method is mix property that fly ash is equal to aggregate weight, and added addition water($W_f$) [$FA+W_f$ > G (or S)]. Test were performed for properties of fresh concrete and compressive strength were determined at 3, 7, 28 and 91 days. The result, compressive strength was improvement that $W_c/C=0.35$, $W_f/FA=0.35$ and fine aggregate replacement in P method series than others. The flowability at Q method was improvement result than P method, but compressive strength was not. Test results indicate significant improvement in the strength properties and flowability of plain concrete by the inclusion of fly ash as fully replacement of fine and coarse aggregate, and can be effectively the fly ash replacement method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 1990

DEM must have a high accuracy against the actual topographic model. A model which can compute heights responding to random plane position by using of the topographic data and interpolation must be constructed. Interpolation affected by the accuraccy of the observations included noise, which affected by the slop and curvature weight. Data smoothing is a method to reduce the noise. Average declination and area ratio are variable which result similarity in according to slope. But in local area, area ratio well shows a local change. This study try to classify the terrain by the declination to analysis the effects of the declination and curvature weights, and then to represent the most probable model. The result are following : In terrain classification by the slop, p16 and p24 were fitted in the plane surface fit p16 and S in the varying surface, and S and p24 in the irregular surface in classification by curvature, p24 and S were fitted in the plane or varying surface, and p16 in the irregular surface In case of hybrid, p16, p24 and S are fitted in the plane, varying and irregular surface respectively. Smoothing is the most effective in case of slope of 50 persentage and of curvature weight of 0.0015.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.615-620
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• 2000

The strength properties of Light-Weighted Soils(LWS) mixed with Expanded Polystrene(E.P.S) are studied. Test results show that when the initial water contents of dredged soils are under 135% and the cement contents are above 1%, Light-Weight Soils are in the appropriate strength range of 2.0 to 4.0kg/㎠. However, E.P.S contents had a little affects on the strength properties of LWS. In the view of E.P.S diagram's effects on LWS, which have expand ratio of 25, 35, 45 and 60, further studies considering of physical properties of original E.P.S beads are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2000

Objectives: The purpose of this study w8s to investigate the experience rate and point prevalence and factors related with Low Back Pain(LBP) in men workers for the manufacturing industry. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 97 men workers for 1 vehicle company in Taegu city in September 6-26, 2000. The information was used to estimate odds ratio and $95\%$ confidence intervals fur the LBP related factors association. Results: The experience rate for LBP was $67.0\%$. point prevalence was $14.4\%$. Variables significantly associated with LBP were weight(p=0.052) and smoking(p=0.010). $57\%$ for patients with LBP was higher than 50.095 far without in normal weight. whereas $43.0\%$ for patients with LBP was smaller than $50.0\%$ for without in overweight. $73.8\%$ for patients with smoking increased than $46.9\%$ for smokers without in smoking. The experience for LBP increased as weight increased(Odds ratio=2.923). As subjects are getting older. experience increased(Odds ratio= 1.393). The higher subjects had experienced stress, the higher experience for LBP was(Odds ratio= 1.328), however all three variables had no significant relationship. Conclusions: Results from this study indicated that a statistically significant association between LBP and weight. smoking in X2-test. In logistic regression test, there were no related variables.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a weight control program on anthropometric values, serum lipid profiles and nutrient intakes. The subjects of this study were 38 obese children (boy : 17, girl : 21) with obesity index over 120%. The weight control program for obese children included nutritional education (50 min) and exercise (50 min) for 10 weeks. The nutrition intakes of the children were surveyed before and after the weight control program by 24hr recall test. The BMI, R$\ddot{o}$hrer Index, Obesity Index, WHR (Waist - Hip ratio) and body fat(%) were significantly decreased after completion of the weight control program. The total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of subjects were significantly increased after the weight control program. Distribution of serum lipid profiles was slightly changed. The energy intakes were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). from 1760.8 kcal to 1435.2 kcal. In addition, the intakes of P, Zn, retinol, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin E and niacin were significantly decreased. while intakes of vitamin C and folate were increased. Calcium and folic acid were upper 25% of subjects, under EAR(Estimated Average Requirements) intake before the weight control program. The distribution of energy intakes was significantly changed into positive status; fat percentage was decreased 26.3% to 22.1% (p < 0.01). Carbohydrate was increased 58.6% to 61.2% (p < 0.05). Meal distribution of energy intakes was changed; calorie percentage from lunch significantly increased from 32.2% to 38.3%. Calorie percentage from snack significantly decreased from 17.7% to 13.5%. In conclusion, weight control program for 10 weeks is effective in obesity index and nutrient intakes although serum lipid values were a little changed.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate hamstring length during static uprighting position using weight distribution ratio. Methods: Ninety-six volunteers(56 males) were participated. The active knee extension test(AKE) was measured 3 times on both legs. The mean score of AKE was obtained. Then, the measurement of weight distribution ratio was observed 3 times on both legs, and its mean value was also calculated. Subjects were divided four groups based on their hamstring length measurement; both hamstring shortening group, left hamstring shortening group, right hamstring shortening group and normal hamstring length group. One-way ANOVA was employed to analyse collected data. Pearson's correlation was also hired to see any relationship between the hamstring length and the weight distribution. Results: In anterior/left area and posterior/right area, both hamstring shortening group left hamstring shortening group were superior to right hamstring shortening group and normal hamstring length group. Significant difference was existed statistically(p<.05) between groups. The correlation analysis between hamstring length and weight distribution ratio has not been shown any significant findings(Pant/post=0.733, Plt/rt=0.135). Conclusion: The results of the study may be applied to therapeutic management in posture and movement skill in musculoskeletal physical therapy.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1984

Although it is well established that steroid is effective for treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), the action mechanism of steroid on NRDS is not well known. Several authors have insisted that steroid increases secretion of pulmonary surfactant from type II pneumocyte, but others have insisted that steroid does not affect the secretory function of the type II pneumocyte. And some authors have suggested that steroid may ca use compositional change of pulmonary surfactant phospholipid. From these aspects, it is desirable to confirm the effect of steroid on (he secretory function of the type II pneumocyte. In order to know the effect of steroid on pulmonary surfactant activity, phospholipid phosphorus of lung lavage was measured and composition of pulmonary surfactant phospholipid of lung lavage was analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) in control (C), pneumonectomized (PN), and pneumonectomized with betamethasone treated (PNS) rabbits. And lung weight and lung weight-body weight ratio were measured in each experimental group also. In PN group, right lung pneumonectomy was performed under general anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium (30mg/kg). On the fifth day after the surgery, the left lung was excised and measured above parameters. In PNS group, pneumonectomy was performed as PN group, and one day after the surgery, betamethasone was injected for four days intramusculary (4mg/day) and rabbits were sacrificed. The experiment yielded following results. PNS group's lung weight was significantly (p<0.01) heavier than C group's, but in comparison with PN group's it showed no significant change. PNS group's L/B ratio was significantly (p<0.05) higher than C group's, but compared with PN group's it showed no significant change. The value of phospholipid phosphorus content of PNS group was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of C group. Even if the value of phospholipid phosphorus content in PNS group was not significantly higher than that of PN group, it showed increasing tendency compared with that of PN group. And in an analysis of the thin layer chromatogram, quantity (${\mu}mol/gm$ of wet weight lung) of phosphatidylcholine in PNS group decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared with C and PN group. From these results, it may be suggested that though steroid inhibits cellular hyperplasia in the compensatory growing lung, it auguments the secretory function of type II pneumocyte and causes compositional change of pulmonary surfactant phospholipid.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2004

This study was conducted for a period for 5 weeks in order to evaluate effects of brewer's yeast slurry(BYS) on the growth performance, organ development and blood composition of broiler chicks. A total number of 84 one day old broiler chicks were allocated to one of three supplemented diets: 0%(control), 2% and 4% BYS. Body weight gain and feed efficiency of chicks fed the diet supplemented with 4% BYS significantly was increased by 9% and 8%, respectively, compared to the control diet(P<0.05). The BYS supplements did not affect weights of liver, heart and abdominal fat, and their ratios per body weight. However, in 4% BYS supplement group, ratio of liver to body weight significantly decreased(P<0.05) by 12%, compared to the control. The supplement of 4% BYS decreased the concentration of triglyceride by 31%, and increased the concentration of high density lipoprotein(HDL) by 26%, compared to the control(P<0.05). These results indicated that the supplementation of 4% BYS in diet can improve body weight gain as well as feed efficiency, and increased the concentration of blood HDL, and ratio of HDL to total-cholesterol of broiler chicks.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

Decreased equilibrium in standing and walking is a common problem associated with hemiparesis secondary to cerebral vascular accident. In patients with hemiplegia, postural sway is increased and often displaced laterally over the non-affected leg, reflecting asymmetry in lower extremity weight bearing during standing balance. Human balance is a complex motor control task, requiring integration of sensory information, neural processing, and biomechanical factors. Limits of stability (LOS) is a one of the biomechanical factors. The purposes of this study were to establish the influence of asymmetrical weight-bearing on the LOS of independent ambulatory hemiparetic patients. The subjects of this study were 29 hemiparetic patients (18 males, 11 females) being treated as admitted or out patients at Young-Nam University Hospital and Taegu Catholic University Hospital, all of whom agreed to participate in the study. Participants were asked to lean and displace their center of gravity (COG) as far as possible in directions to the sides and front of the body. The LOS and weight-bearing ratio were measured with a Balance Performance Monitor (BPM) Dataprint Software Version 5.3. In order to assure the statistical significance of the results, the independent t-test and a Pearson's correlation were applied at the .05 and .01 level of significance. The results of this study were as follows: 1) There were statistically significant differences in anteroposterior LOS according to the cause of brain demage (p<.01). 2) There were statistically significant differences in mediolateral LOS according to the hemiparetic side (p<.05). 3) There were statistically significant differences in anteroposterior and mediolateral LOS according to the brain operation (p<.01). 4) The mediolateral LOS significantly correlated with weight-bearing ratio (p<.01).

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2024

Background The study determined to compare the clinical outcomes of traditional gold weight implantation for the correction of paralytic lagophthalmos with those of a newly designed model. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 30 patients (76% females; average age 60.8 ± 12 years) with facial palsy who underwent implantation of either the traditional pretarsal gold weight (PT group; n = 15) or a new supratarsal model (ST group; n = 15) from May 2014 to April 2019. The main outcome measures were the 12-month postoperative weight prominence, weight migration, improvement of lagophthalmos, upper eyelid contour, and upper eyelid ptosis. The secondary outcome was long-term (24 months) reoperative rate. Results The new model group had significantly better eyelid contour (risk ratio [RR] 3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-6.15, p = 0.001), less weight prominence (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.13-2.70, p = 0.013), less weight migration (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12-1.54, p = 0.001), and less eyelid ptosis (RR 2.36, 95% CI 1.21-4.59, p = 0.011) than the traditional model group. Improvement of lagophthalmos was not statistically significant between the two groups (RR 1.44, 95% CI 0.72-2.91, p = 0.303). The 24-month reoperative rate was 53.3% in the PT group versus 13.3% in the ST group (RR 2.00, 95% CI 1.15-3.49, p = 0.015). Conclusion The newly designed supratarsal gold weight showed superior postoperative outcomes than the standard traditional model.