• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2016

Purpose: Vitamin D status is associated with several chronic diseases related to obesity. In this study, we evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin D and its relation to obesity indices in Korean women. Methods: A total of 156 healthy women participated. Vitamin D status (serum $25-OH-vitamin\;D_3$ level) and obesity indices (body mass index, body fat mass, waisthip ratio, and body fat percentage etc.) and serum lipid profiles and serum adipokine (leptin and adiponectin) levels were analyzed. Results: The $25(OH)D_3$ level showed an extremely skewed distribution from 4.1 ng/ml to 24.4 ng/ml and mean $25(OH)D_3$ level was $9.0{\pm}4.0ng/ml$. With cut-off level for vitamin D deficiency (< 12.0 ng/ml), insufficiency (12-19.9 ng/ml) and sufficiency (${\geq}20ng/ml$), 77.6%, 19.2%, and 3.2% of subjects showed vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency status, respectively. The $25(OH)D_3$ level showed positive correlation with weight (r = 0.2461, p < 0.01), body mass index (r = 0.2913, p < 0.001), body fat contents (r = 0.1691, p < 0.05), fat free mass (r = 0.2330, p < 0.01), and waist hip ratio (r = 0.1749, p < 0.05) after adjusted by age. The $25(OH)D_3$ level showed no significant correlation with serum lipid profiles and adipokine levels. Conclusion: Most subjects (76.6%) in this study, who had a vitamin D deficient status and serum $25(OH)D_3$ level, showed positive correlation with several obesity indices, however further research based on a large Korean population is needed to confirm the relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.849-858
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• 2007

This study was intended to collect the baseline information on health status, nutrient intakes and dietary self-efficacy according to the obesity levels of male workers. Nutrient intakes of 224 male workers were assessed by 24 hr recall method; also, dietary attitude and dietary self-efficacy were investigated by self-administerd questionnaires. Biochemical characteristics such as blood pressure (SBP, DBP), total cholesterol(TC), hemoglobin (Hb), blood glucose (BG), SGOT, SGPT and ${\gamma}-GTP$ were assessed. Subjects were divided into normal, overweight and obese groups by body mass index (BMI). The health status was analyzed as normal group, health concerned group and disease suspected group. Weight, percent ideal body weight (PIBW), BMI and body circumference (waist, hip) and waist-hip ratio were high in the order of obese group, overweight group and normal group. Body fat mass was high also in the order of obese, overweight and normal group. Blood pressure (SBP, DBP) was the highest in obese group. SGOT, SGPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ were higher in the obese group than normal and overweight groups. It was Proven that the percentage of those evaluated as low nutrient intakes were 71% for Ca, 50.9% for Zn, 70.5% for vitamin B2, 56.3% for vitamin C and 81.3% for folic acid. The dietary attitude scores were high according to the dietary self-efficacy. The age was positively correlated with dietary attitude, and the dietary attitude was positively correlated with dietary self-efficacy and total energy intakes. Dietary attitude showed the greatest total causal effect in relation to dietary self-efficacy. The results of this study showed some health problems and nutritional problems, indicating the need for nutritional management for male workers.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2013

For radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients treated with small bowel displacement device (SBDD) and belly board, We will suggest new indication of using SBDD depending on obesity index by analyzing correlation between obesity and irradiated small bowel volume. In this study, We reviewed 29 rectal cancer patients who received pelvic radiation therapy with belly board and SBDD from January to April in 2012. We only analyzed those patients treated with three-field technique (PA and both LAT) on 45 Gy (1.8 Gy/fx). We measured patients' height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and divided BMI into two groups.(${\geq}23$:BMI=group1, <23:BMI=group2) We performed a statistical analysis to evaluate correlation between total volume of bladder($TV_{bladder}$), obesity index and high dose volume of small bowel (small bowel volume irradiated at 90% of prescribed dose, $HDV_{sb}$), low dose volume of small bowel (small bowel volume irradiated at 33% of prescribed dose, $LDV_{sb}$). The result shows, gender, WHR and status of pre operative or post operative do not greatly affect $HDV_{sb}$ and $LDV_{sb}$. Statistical result shows, there are significant correlation between $HDV_{sb}$ and BMI (p<0.04), $HDV_{sb}$ and $TV_{bladder}$ (p<0.01), $LDV_{sb}$ and $TV_{bladder}$ (p<0.01). BMI seems to correlate with $HDV_{sb}$ but does not with $LDV_{sb}$ (p>0.05). There are negative correlation between $HDV_{sb}$ and BMI, $TV_{bladder}$ and $HDV_{sb}$, $TV_{bladder}$ and $LDV_{sb}$. Especially, BMI group1 has more effective and negative correlation with $HDV_{sb}$ (p=0.027) than in BMI group2. In the case of BMI group 1, $TV_{bladder}$ has significant negative correlation with $HDV_{sb}$ and $LDV_{sb}$ (p<0.04). In conclusions, we confirmed that Using SBDD with belly board in BMI group1 could more effectively reduce irradiated small bowel volume in radiation therapy for rectal cancer. Therefore, We suggest using belly board with SBDD in order to reduce the small bowel toxicity in rectal radiotherapy, if patients' BMI is above 23.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.265-285
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• 1999

The purposes of this investigation were to observe the reaction kinetics of five commercial dual cured resin cements (Bistite, Dual, Scotchbond, Duolink and Duo) when cured under varying thicknesses of porcelain inlays by chemical or light activation and to evaluate the effect of the porcelain disc on the rate of polymerization of dual cured resin cement during light exposure by using thermal analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) was used to evaluate the weight change as a function of temperature during a thermal program from $25{\sim}800^{\circ}C$ at rate of $10^{\circ}C$/min and to measure inorganic filler weight %. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) was used to evaluate the heat of cure(${\Delta}H$), maximum rate of heat output and peak heat flow time in dual cured resin cement systems when the polymerization reaction occured by chemical cure only or by light exposure through 0mm, 1mm, 2mm and 4mm thickness of porcelain discs. In 4mm thickness of porcelain disc, the exposure time was varied from 40s to 60s to investigate the effect of the exposure time on polymerization reaction. To investigate the effect on the setting of dual cured resin cements of absorption of polymerizing light by porcelain materials used as inlays and onlays, the change of the intensity of the light attenuated by 1mm, 2mm and 4mm thickness of porcelain discs was measured using curing radiometer. The results were as follows 1. The heat of cure of resin cements was 34~60J/gm and significant differences were observed between brands (P<0.001). Inverse relationship was present between the heat of reaction and filler weight % the heat of cure decreased with increasing filler content (R=-0.967). The heat of reaction by light cure was greater than by chemical cure in Bistite, Scotchbond and Duolink(P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in Dual and Duo(P>0.05). 2. The polymerization rate of chemical cure and light cure of five commercially available dual cured resin cements was found to vary greatly with brand. Setting time based on peak heat flow time was shortest in Duo during chemical cure, and shortest in Dual during light cure. Cure speed by light exposure was 5~20 times faster than by chemical cure in dual cured resin cements. The dual cured resin cements differed markedly in the ratio of light and chemical activated catalysts. 3. The peak heat flow time increased by 1.51, 1.87, and 3.24 times as light cure was done through 1mm, 2mm and 4mm thick porcelain discs. Exposure times recommended by the manufacturers were insufficient to compensate for the attenuation of light by the 4mm thick porcelain disc. 4. A strong inverse relationship was observed between peak heat flow and peak time in chemical cure(R=0.951), and a strong positive correlations hip was observed between peak heat flow and the heat of cure in light cure(R=0.928). There was no correlationship present between filler weight % or heat of cure and peak time. 5. The thermal decomposition of resin cements occured primarily between $300^{\circ}C$ and $480^{\circ}C$ with maximum decomposition rates at $335^{\circ}C$ and $440^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 2020

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of nutrition management application in a mobile device on obesity management of patients with breast cancer. Methods: Fifty subjects, who were breast cancer survivors, aged 30 years and older, participated in an obesity management program for four weeks. They were divided randomly into two groups: a control group (n = 25) and a treatment group (n = 25). The treatment group was provided an application for nutrition management and diet consultant, while the control group maintained their ordinary life without any nutrition management. Results: The weight of the treatment group decreased by 0.8 kg, but the change was not significant. In contrast, the waist-hip ratio of the treatment group decreased significantly from 0.75 to 0.71 (p = 0.012). The Nutrition Quotients of the treatment group increased significantly from 61.3 to 69.6 points (p < 0.001), whereas that of the control group decreased significantly from 61.5 to 59.0 (p = 0.002). Conclusion: This mobile nutrition management application for breast cancer patients is effective in managing obesity and dietary habits. These results can be used as basic information to prepare an obesity management program for breast cancer patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the proportion and associated risk factors of hypertriglyceridemia in rural Vietnamese women. Research data were collected as part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). A cross-sectional study of 957 Vietnamese women in their 20 to 30s was conducted in rural areas of Bavi, Vietnam. Subjects were classified as hypertriglyceridemic (serum TG ${\geq}$ 150 mg/dL). Demographic, socio-economic details, anthro-pometric measurements, and blood profiles were recorded. The proportion of hypertriglyceridemic subjects was 22.0%, and the mean age of hypertriglyceridemics subjects was older than that of normo-triglyceridemic subjects (p < 0.05). In hypertriglyceridemic subjects, height, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower, compared to subjects with normo-triglyceridemia, while weight, body mass index, waist hip ratio, body fat %, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and atherogenic index were higher, compared to those with normo-triglyceridemia. Intake of cereal and cereal products, total plant food, and cereal/potato fiber in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher, compared to normo-triglyceridemic subjects. Hypertriglyceridemic subjects had a significantly lower intake of animal calcium and retinol than normo-triglyceridemic subjects. Significant positive relationships were observed between the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and consumption of total plant food [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile, compared to the lowest: 1.764 (1.131-2.750); p for trend = 0.008] and crude fiber [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile compared to the lowest: 1.651 (1.092-2.497); p for trend = 0.027]. In addition, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and cholesterol intake [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile, compared to the lowest: 0.601 (0.400-0.901); p for trend = 0.012]. These findings may provide basic data for use by policymakers and dieticians in future development of nutrition and health programs to encourage healthier eating habits, and to prevent hypertriglyceridemia advancing cardiovascular disease in rural Vietnamese women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition counseling on improving metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors. Sixty-eight subjects were grouped according to their numbers of MS risk factors. Subjects who have three or more risk factors of MS were defined as "High risk", subjects who have two risk factors of MS were defined as "low risk", and subjects who have below two risk factors of MS were defined as "no risk" group. All groups finished nutrition counseling every three weeks for 12 weeks. Anthropometric, dietary assessments (24 hr-recall) and blood samples were measured at 0 and 12 weeks nutrition counseling. After 12 weeks of intervention, anthropometric data (weight, BMl, body fat (%), and waist/hip ratio) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in all groups. Daily consumption of calorie was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the group of low risk and high risk. Blood level of fasting plasma glucose was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in all groups after 12 weeks of intervention. Significantly, the fasting plasma glucose level was returned to normal range in the high risk group. The number of people who have three or more risk factors of MS (high risk group) was decreased from 25 to 12. Sum of MS Criteria decreased from 85 to 52 in the group of MS and decreased from 143 to 99 in all groups. These results indicate that nutrition counseling for male workers at the worksite proved to be helpful by reducing the risk factors of MS and thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Continuing and systematic nutritional management programs should be developed and implemented for male workers at the worksites.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: A randomized, controlled pilot trial was conducted. Twenty-two participants were randomized into one of the two groups: an acupuncture group (n=11) and wait-list group (n=11). The treatment group received 8 sessions of electroacupuncture over 8 weeks. Twenty points (CV4, CV12, both LR14, GB26, ST25, ST34, ST40, ST36, SP4, SP6, LR3) were selected for needling. The control group did not receive acupuncture treatment during study period and followup were done in the 4th and 8th weeks after randomization in both groups. The primary outcome was body fat computed tomography and the secondary outcomes included blood test (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteincholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, blood sugar test, ${\gamma}$-guanosine triphosphate) and body composition test (body mass index, weight, body fat mass, body fat rate, waist hip ratio). Safety was assessed at every visit. Results: There was no significant differences in between the experimental group and control group. There were no adverse events. Conclusions: The results suggest that In patients with NAFLD, electroacupuncture treatment did not induce worsening of liver disease and liver function, but it was no improvement symptoms of fatty liver. Study of herb medicine treatments and other acupuncture therapy of NAFLD are required later.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.982-996
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• 2010

This study classified the body shapes of Korean obese women and investigated the differences of each body shape, using 2004 Size Korea data. For selecting the obesity sample, 7 obesity judgment indices were chosen through previous clothing-related studies. A total of 636 females defined as "obese" by 5 out of 7 indices were selected as subjects and 54 body measurements and obesity judgment indices were used in this study. Firstly, mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum values of each measurement and item were obtained from the descriptive analysis of 53 measurements. According to the descriptive analysis, all measurements and obesity judgment indices of the subjects demonstrated a serious obesity level shown by BMI 27.11, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index 1.76, Vervaeck index 104.77, Relative weight 133.00, WHR 0.90, and waist circumference 86.71cm. In addition, the measurements and indices showed considerable differences between minimum and maximum values. Significant differences were identified in all measurements and items at a significant level, p=.001. Each distribution of body types according to age, stature, bust, and waist circumference groups was provided in this study. Secondly, factor analyses were conducted using 38 measurement items to extract the body characteristics of obese women. Factor 1 was "circumference measurements & obesity judgment indices," Factor 2 was "heights & arm-related lengths," and Factor 3 was "size and ratio of waist circumference & hip circumference." Factor 4 was "lengths in upper body," Factor 5 was "back width in upper body," Factor 6 was "side neck point to bust & bust circumference," Factor 7 was "length in lower body & arm circumferences" and Factor 8 was "neck base circumference & front width in upper body." These 8 factors explained 76.54% of the total variance. Finally, 5 body types were selected in the cluster analysis. Type 1 (with big back widths & arm circumferences) was 15.5% of the entire subjects, Type 2 (the shortest and fattest, with big upper body) was 18.8%, Type 3 (with big breast) was 27.8%, Type 4 (the tallest and longest in arm lengths, with the smallest arm circumferences and lengths in torso) was 22.5%, and Type 5 (with big hips compared to waist circumferences, smaller height and upper body) was 15.5%. Fundamental differences were identified in all measurements and items at the significant level of p=.001. In addition, each distribution of body type according to age, height, bust, and waist circumference groups was provided in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.337-343
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety, depression and stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) and to investigate the risk factors related to psychological difficulties. Sixty women with PCOS were evaluated for level of psychological stress using Beck depression inventory(BDI) and Depression anxiety stress scale(DASS) questionnaire. Serum antimullerian hormone, total testosterone, lutenizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, lipid profile and 75g oral glucose tolerance test were measured. Thirty healthy women served as the control. Fifty two women with PCOS and 29 healthy women completed a questionnaire. Women with depression who scored >13 by BDI and >10 by DASS were 38.5 %, women with anxiety who scored >8 by DASS were 23.1 %, and women with stress who scored >15 by DASS were 30.8 %, which were significantly higher than control. In PCOS women, total testosterone, LH and AMH were significantly correlated with depression and stress. Weight, body mass index and waist-hip ratio were also significantly correlated with depression. In women diagnosed as diabetes and hyperlipidemia, depression and stress were significantly prevalent. Women with PCOS seemed to be more vulnerable to depression, anxiety and stress. Early diagnosis and management should be considered.