• 한국패류학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2001

1994년 1월부터 1994년 12월까지 전라북도 군산시 하제 연안에 서식하는 개량조개의 성장을 조사하였다. 개량조개의 패각에 나타나는 윤문은 년 1 회 형성되며 주 윤문 형성시기는 8월에서 9월로 조사되었다. 초륜 형성기간은 15 개월 (1.25년)로 나타났다. 각장 (SL) 과 전중 (TW) 간의 관계는 TW = 2.2476 $\times$ $10^{-5}$ SL$^{3.536}$ 이었으며, 각장 (SL) 과 각고 (SH) 간의 관계는 SH = 0.7545 SL - 0.0145 이고, 각장 (SL) 과 각폭 (SW) 간의 관계는 SW = 0.5336 SL - 2.4253 였다. 연령 (t) 에 대한 각장 (SL$_{t}$ ) 과 전중(TW$_{t}$ ) 의 Bertalanffy 성장식은 SL$_{t}$ =60.02[1 - e$^{-0.6458(t-0.3895)}$ ], 이고 Twt = 43.63[1 - e$^{0.6458(t-0.3895)}$ ]$^{3.536}$ 였다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2012

본 연구는 사포닌과 아미노산 함유비료를 크리핑벤트그래스에 관주시비하여 잔디생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 복합비료를 대신하여 잔디관리에 이용할 수 있는지 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 엽색지수, 엽록소지수, 건물중, 잔디밀도, 뿌리길이 및 잔디의 양분함유량을 조사하여 생육을 평가하였다. 시험 전후 토양분석결과, 처리구에 따른 토양화학성의 변화는 나타나지 않아 SLF와 ALF의 시비가 골프코스의 토양화학성의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. 벤트그라스의 엽색지수와, 엽록소지수는 2SLF와 2ALF에서는 엽색지수와 엽록소지수가 CF와 비슷하거나 약간 높았고, 잔디밀도와 뿌리길이는 2SLF, ALF 및 2ALF에서 CF보다 높았다. 건물중과 잔디 중 질소와 칼리함량은 2ALF 처리구에서 가장 높게 조사되었다. 잔디품질은 뿌리길이, 잔디밀도, 건물중 및 질소와 칼륨함량에 대해 고도의 상관성을 보였고(P<0.05), 잔디에 함유된 질소는 잔디밀도, 뿌리길이 및 건물중과 같은 잔디생육과 높은 상관성을 보였으며(P<0.05), 잔디에 함유된 칼륨은 잔디밀도와 건물중에서 높은 상관성을 보였다(P<0.05). 이러한 결과를 통해 기능성물질이 함유된 비료는 복합비료를 대신하여 잔디관리에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었고, 기능성액상비료의 관주시비 시 질소와 칼륨이 잔디에 흡수되어 잔디 지상부 및 지하부생장과 밀도를 증가시킴으로써 잔디품질을 향상시키는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.336-342
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• 1988

생장억제제인 paclobutrazol의 처리시기가 출수후 수도 품종 섬진벼의 도복 관련형질의 변화와 수량에 미치는 영향을 알기 위하여 본 시험을 실시하였다. 질소 수준은 12 및 18kg/10a, paclobutrazol(0.6% 입제) 처리시기는 출수전, 43, 33, 23, 13일 이었고, 도복 관련형질은 출수후 10, 20, 30, 40일에 조사하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 절간장은 paclobutrazol 처리시기가 빠를수록 하위절간, 처리시기가 늦을수록 상위절간이 단축되었으며, 간장은 처리시기가 늦을수록 더 단축되었다. 2. 모든 처리에서 도복은 발생하지 않았으며, 도복지수는 출수후 일수가 경과할수록 증가되었고, paclobutrazol 처리는 무처리보다 도복지수가 낮았다. 생체중은 출수후 30일까지 증가한 후 감소하였으나 좌절중은 출수후 30일까지는 차이가 없었으나 40일에는 감소하였고, paclobutrazol 처리시기간에 좌절중은 일정한 경향이 없었다. 3. 도복지수에 미치는 생체중의 직접효과는 출수후 일수가 경과할수록 감소하나 좌절중과 간장의 직접효과는 시기적으로는 큰 차이가 없었고, 출수후 40일에 도복지수에 미치는 직접효과는 좌절중, 간장, 생체중의 순이었다. 4. 간기부의 전분함량은 모두 출수후 20일까지 감소한 후 다시 증가하였다. 간기부의 cellulose함량은 출수후 20日까지 증가하였으나 hemicellulose, lignin 함량은 출수후 조사시기간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 간기부의 전분함량, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin 음량과 좌절중과는 상관이 없었다. 5. 수량은 paclobutrazol을 출수전 13일에 처리한 것이 무처리와 비슷하였으나 그 이전의 처리에서는 수당영화수의 감소로 감수하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.241-254
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• 2013

The nutria(Myocastor coypus) that is originated from South America is a representative Invasive alien species in Korea. invasive alien species is one of the biggest causes for the loss of biodiversity and it may threaten the conservation and function of ecology as well as the welfare of mankind. Intense habitation has been made around the Nakdong River basin area that this study has analyzed the habitat density of nutria for the subject of 3 survey sites in the Nakdong River basin area. As a result of survey on habitation density in 2011 and 2012, under St.1 it was shown $2.01{\pm}0.21$/ha in 2011 and $0.69{\pm}0.55$/ha in 2012. Under St.2, it was shown $0.91{\pm}0.37$/ha in 2011 and $0.55{\pm}0.39$/ha in 2012. Under St.3, it was shown $5.31{\pm}0.72$/ha in 2011 and $3.99{\pm}2.31$/ha in 2012. The wet survey areas of St.1 and St.3 had shown relatively high habitation density compared to St. 2, the river survey area, and the average annual habitation density of the survey area was $2.74{\pm}2.29$/ha in 2011 and $1.74{\pm}1.18$/ha in 2012 that it has shown slightly reducing trend. As a result of measuring the morphology by capturing the habitation individuals, the average body length of adults is $92.23{\pm}9.41cm$, the length from the head to body for $53.90{\pm}5.15cm$, tail length for $38.33{\pm}4.83cm$, hind foot length for $13.82{\pm}1.00cm$, front foot length for $6.02{\pm}0.56cm$, and weight for $5.48{\pm}1.08kg$. As a result of comparing the types between genders, male showed a slightly higher figure in all parts compared to female and it showed significantly difference in total body length, head-body length, front foot length and total weight. As a result of analysis for each head-body length, other measured parts, weight and relativity for each measured part, all bodily part is shown to have the higher volume of correlations. The condition index of individuals in the survey area was shown in the average of $35.67{\pm}4.78$ with female for an average of $36.60{\pm}5.19$ and male for an average of $34.73{\pm}4.34$. The winter temperature in the southern area of Korea is considered for not greatly impacting on the habitation and development of nutria that, if there is no artificial control, it is considered to have certain concern of showing drastic breeding and territory expansion for the habitation group.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 1988

일본형(日本型)(섬진(蟾津)벼) 및 통일형(統一型)(삼강(三剛)벼) 수도품종(水稻品種)을 질소(窒素) 시비량(施肥量) (10, 20, 30/10a), 과 분시비율(分施比率) (기비(基肥)와 이앙후(移秧後) 15일(日) 추비(追肥) : 수비(穗肥)의 비율(比率)이 100 : 0.80 : 20, 60 : 40)이 다른 조건(條件)에서 재배(栽培)하였을 때 출수전(出穗前) 15 일(日)에 처리(處理)한 paclobutrazol(0.6% G 3kg/10a)이 출수후(出穗後) 도복(倒伏) 관련형질(關聯形質)과 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 간장(稈長)은 두 품종(品種) 모두 질소(窒素) 시비량(施肥量)이 많을수록 증가(增加)하였 고 paclobutrazol 처리(處理)는 간장(稈長)을 감소(減少)시켰으며, 질소(窒素) 분시비율(分施比率)은 영향(影響)을 미치지 아니하였다. 2. 도복(倒伏)은 어느 처리(處理)에서나 발생(發生)하지 않았지만 도복지수(倒伏指數)는 섬진(蟾津)벼가 삼강(三剛)벼 보다 높았다. 두 품종(品種) 모두 출수후(出穗後) 23 일(日)까지는 생체중(生體重)의 증가(增加)와 좌절중(挫折重)의 감소(減少)로 도복지수(倒伏指數)가 증가(增加)하였지만 그 이후에는 생체중(生體重)과 좌절중(挫折重)이 모두 감소(減少)하여 도복지수(倒伏指數)는 더 변(變)하지 않았다. 3. 등숙기한중(登熟期閒中) 섬진(蟾津)벼는 간장(稈長), 삼강(三剛)벼는 생체중(生體重)과 간장(稈長)이 도복지수(倒伏指數)와 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 있었으며, 두 품종(品種) 모두 좌절중(挫折重)은 도복지수(倒伏指數)와 상관(相關)이 없었다. 도복지수(倒伏指數)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 직접효과(直接效果)는 섬진(蟾津)벼에서는 간장(稈長)이 생체중(生體重)이나 좌절중(挫折重) 보다 훨씬 컸으며, 삼강(三剛)벼에서는 생체중(生體重)과 간장(稈長)은 정(正)의 효과(效果)로, 좌절중(挫折重)은 부(負)의 효과(效果)를 보였으며, 이들 효과(效果)의 크기는 비슷하였다. 4. 현미수량(玄米收量)은 섬진(蟾津)벼에서는 질소(窒素) 시비량간(施肥量間)에 차이(差異)가 없었으나 기비(基肥), 분벽비(分蘗肥), 분시(分施)한 것이 수량(收量)이 높았다. 그러 나, 삼강(三剛)벼는 질소(窒素) 분시효과(分施效果)는 없었으나 시비량(施肥量)이 증가(增加)할수록 수량(收量)이 높았다. Paclobutrazol 처리(處理)는 섬진(蟾津)벼에서는 수량(收量)에 영향(影響)을 미치지 아니하였으나 삼강(三剛)벼는 수당영화수(穗當潁花數)의 감소(減少)로 수량(收量)이 5.2% 감소(減少)하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2012

The use of growth medium is often recommended milkweed seedlings to grow and develop after emergence, and it is affected by growth medium and local habitat conditions. The effects of growth medium and partial shade on early growth of milkweed under drought stress (Calotropis procera L.) were studied in a field experiment. A split-split plot experimental design with three replications was carried out in the nursery. The main treatment plot was divided into two levels of shade; (no shading and partial shading). Sub treatment plot1 included growth medium at four levels (G1 = clay [suitable for milkweed growth], G2 = clay + sand, G3 = clay + perlite, G4 = clay + perlite + sand) and sub treatment plot2 included drought (irrigation intervals) at six levels (D1 = 2 [control], D2 = 4, D3 = 6, D4 = 8, D5 = 10, and D6 = 12 days per for three month). The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased emergence percentage, shoot length, shoot dry weight (SDW1), root dry weight (RDW), seedling dry weight (SDW2) and vigor index (VI). The use of growth medium increased all seedling characteristics. The G3 (clay + perlite) growth medium showed the highest performance, especially in terms of emergence percentage and seedling dry weight. Partial shade improved shoot length, shoot dry weight, and vigor index. Our results showed that the best treatment for high-vigor milkweed seedlings under drought stress was G3 (clay + perlite) growth medium and partial shade.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2010

This study was conducted to prepare basic materials and offer advice regarding dietary habits to prevent and cure childhood obesity by comparing and analyzing dietary habit, nutritional status, blood factors, and mineral contents of hair. All subjects were stratified by their weight-length index (WLI). According to the standard WLI values, 64.9% of children were within the normal value, 13.5% of children were underweight, and 21.6% of children were overweight and obese (WLI ${\geq}$ 110%). Overall, the score assessed dietary habit for all children was $21.32{\pm}2.55$ point (921 subjects), with 5.1% of children having excellent dietary habits and 3.1% having poor dietary habits. Additionally, 37.9% of underweight children, 37.6% of normal weight children, and 43.2% of overweight and obese children consumed higher amounts of protein than underweight children did (meat, fish, eggs, and soy products) (P < 0.05). Overweight and obese children consumed more fried foods than underweight or normal weight children (P < 0.05). Moreover, 38.0% of the children had hemoglobin levels of 12 g/dl, while 7.6% were anemic (11.1 g/dl). When a hematocrit level of 33% was taken as the standard, 11.0% of children were anemic. The plasma transferrin content was $263.76{\pm}54.52$ mg/dl in overweight and obese children. The mean values of Fe, Cu, Ca, Cr, Mn, Se, Na, K, Li, V, Co, and Mo were within the reference values, but the Zn concentrations of underweight, normal weight, and overweight and obese children were $67.97{\pm}28.51$ ppm, $70.09{\pm}30.81$ ppm, and $73.99{\pm}30.36$ ppm, respectively. The Zn concentration of overweight and obese children ($73.99{\pm}30.36$ ppm) was lower than that of the standard value (180~220 ppm). Therefore, a nutritional education program and new guidance for dietary pattern should be developed to reduce the number of underweight and overweight and obese children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to estimate the nutrient intake, dietary habits, and body indices among preschool children. The study subjects were 166 kindergarten children, aged 4 to 6 years. A measurement of the weight, height, chest circumference, and head circumference of the children was conducted. The general home environment and factors related to the eating habits of children were collected using a questionnaire that included information about physical activity, outdoor playing time, television watching, family income, and parents education and occupations. Underweight, overweight were defined based on a value of less than 110 and more than 140 on the Rohrer Index, or less than 90 and more than 120 on the weight-length index (WLI). The average Rohrer and WLI for the preschool children were 14.3 $\pm$ 23.2% and 104 $\pm$ 13.5%. Using the WLI, 12.7% of the preschool children were underweight 62.6% were normal, and 24.7% were overweight or obese. On the Rohrer Index, 32.0% of the preschool children were underweight, 34.7% were normal, and 34.1% were overweight or obese. With regard to frequency of regularity of eating breakfast, 2.5% of preschool children skipped breakfast every morning. The risk of being overweight increased in preschool children who had faster eating times. The Rohrer and WLI were negatively related to faster eating times. The average daily energy intake was 1272 Kcal, which corresponded to 79.5% of the Korean RDA. In particular, the average intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin B$_2$ were much lower than the Korean RDAs for each of those nutrients. Children whose mothers had occupations were at greater risk of decreased nutrient intake than those whose mothers were at home. The data presented in this study confirm that, in preschool children, undernutrition remains the nutritional problem of great concern in Korea, even though Koreans are starting to have worrisome rates of overweight. Therefore, during the early years of life, focus should remain on sustaining Proper growth and development.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.100-110
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• 2024

Biometric evaluation and reproductive biology of Oreochromis niloticus were studied from Geray Reservoir. Between November 2021 and August 2022, 316 O. niloticus specimens were collected from this reservoir. The observed male to female sex ratio was 1:1.14, which was statistically insignificant compared with the hypothetical 1:1 sex ratio (X² = 1.27, p > 0.05). The length-weight relationship was curvilinear with allometric growth (b < 3) and statistically significant from the expected isometric growth pattern (b = 3). The regression equation for females was TW = 0.0264TL^2.72 (r² = 0.90, n = 168), males (TW = 0.0183TL^2.79, r² = 0.93, n = 148), and combined sexes (TW = 0.0229TL^2.76, r² = 0.91, n = 316). Gonadosomatic index (GSI) ranged from 0.8 to 1.4 (males) and 1.8 to 4.9 (females). The breeding season lasted from March to June, with a GSI peak in April. Fecundity ranged from 279 to 1,528 eggs./fish, with a mean of 1,025 eggs./fish. The correlation between absolute fecundity and length was more significant (F = 0.76TL^2.8, R² = 0.94, p < 0.05) than with weight (F = 17.683TW^0.71, R² = 0.92, p < 0.05). This study provides basic information on the biology of O. niloticus in the Geray Reservoir for future fishery management tools for the conservation and utilization of this valuable freshwater fish.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2012

This study was conducted to analyze the difference of body types within and between wild and farmed populations of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus using measured records of morphological traits. The results showed that surveyed traits and standard deviation were $1,355{\pm}742g$ of body weight, $48.01{\pm}7.79cm$ of total length, and $40.96{\pm}6.80cm$ of body length. Also body height, body shape index and condition factor were $17.19{\pm}3.43cm$, $9.99{\pm}0.74$ and $11.16{\pm}1.54$, respectively. As result of least squares mean and standard error for each trait assumed in this study, those of farmed population showed significantly higher than those of wild population in all traits, exclusively in total length and body length (p<0.01). Particularly, the values of the body height and the body weight of the farmed population were higher than those of the wild population in the same total length. And the phenotypic correlation coefficients of the body weight, the total length, the body length and the body height showed strong positive correlation in all populations. These result suggested that morphological differences exist in farmed and wild flounder. Therefore, introduction of wild flounder is essential for the future production to improve the body type of farmed flounder, and parental fish should be chosen by considering selection of commercially important traits in the production process.