• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

A safety helmet is considered the last gear to protect workers from harmful and dangerous events occurring on industrial sites. Recently, interest in the importance of personal protective equipment design reflecting individual characteristics has been emphasized to improve usability and convenience. However, it has been found that if it is inconvenient to wear or has poor work efficiency, it will not be used well or will be used incorrectly. In this study, an investigation was performed with 35 questions, direct observation, and intensive interviews of construction workers to determine the inconvenience and problems of wearing safety helmets. Moreover, managers of 9 construction sites in 6 cities were asked about the performance and design of safety helmets. As a positive answer, it was found that the brim (awning) of the safety helmet was shortened to give the safety glasses a light-shielding function. In addition, an upward adjustment all-in-one type safety helmet was requested. On the other hand, it was revealed that negative answers felt uncomfortable due to the brim (awning) on the front of the helmet. Based on the survey results, a new helmet model suitable for construction site activities was presented, and wearability improvement determinants were discovered through performance and design improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.187-206
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• 2001

The study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and possible causes of refractive errors in primary school children. At one primary school in urban Daegu, one in the medium-sized city of Yongcheon and 2 in rural areas, children wearing glasses and children with visual acuity of less than 0.7 were given our questions. 354 out of 378 children responded to our questions. The research was done from March 2000 to February 2001. The data were analyzed by percentage, x2 test, t-test, ANOVA and Scheff method. Children with eyesight problems were more prevalent in urban areas than rural areas. The lack of luminosity during reading (p=0.015), length of reading time (p=0.08) and posture which watching TV (p=0.023) appeared leading causes of progressing myopias. The visual impairment caused by refractive errors may affect the mental and physical activity of primary school children and lead to social isolation, loneliness and depression. However, little attention may be paid by professionals engaged in providing health care to the children. Once we have recognized the impact of visual impairment, we may be in a better position to prevent progressing refractive errors.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1024-1033
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• 2016

In this study, a system is proposed for analyzing whether driver's eyes are open or closed on the basis of images to determine driver's drowsiness. The proposed system converts eye areas detected by a camera to a color space area to effectively detect eyes in a dark situation, for example, tunnels, and a bright situation due to a backlight. In addition, the system used a thickness distribution of a detected eye area as a feature value to analyze whether eyes are open or closed through the Support Vector Machine(SVM), representing 90.09% of accuracy. In the experiment for the images of driver wearing glasses, 83.83% of accuracy was obtained. In addition, in a comparative experiment with the existing PCA method by using Eigen-eye and Pupil Measuring System the detection rate is shown improved. After the experiment, driver's drowsiness was identified accurately by using the method of summing up the state of driver's eyes open and closes over time and the method of detecting driver's eyes that continue to be closed to examine drowsy driving.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.737-741
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• 2016

Purpose. To investigate awareness of vision correction surgery side effects and investigated side effects affect vision correction surgery decisions. Methods. This study was performed on 85 college students. The awareness of vision correction surgery, the awareness of vision correction surgery side effects, and investigated side effects affect surgery decisions. Results. 37.6 % (32 people) replied that the drying effects is representative side effects of the eye correction surgery. 68.2% (58 people) answered the reason of eye surgery is uncomfortable wearing glasses. 74.1%(63 people) answered the side effects does not affect vision correction surgery decision. Prior to hear a description of side effects, 31.8% percent people hope the surgery. after listening to explain of side effects, only 10.6% percent people hope the surgery. Conclusions. People who want to get vision correction surgery should check their vision condition through prior examination and consultation. What side effects in the operation should be reviewed. That is the only way to reduce side effects.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate for effective eye care service to the aged population of rural community. The results was as follow. 1. The aged who were using aids such as glasesses or had difficulties in everyday life without aids account for 66%. 2. The case of having some difficulties in everyday life and not using glasesses was 68persons(28.8%). 3. as for the reason why not using visual aids, 40.7% responded that they were able to see well without it and 31.4% could not have for burden of cost though in need of it.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to survey spectacle wearers's way of thinking through the questionaire and to investigate their wearing conditions through fitting conditions, the pantascopic angle, vertex distance, the coincidence of vertical and horizontal distance between optical center of the lens and pupillary distance of the eye in random selected 150 ametropic corrective wearers in the age of 17 to 19. The results are as follows : 1. The most popular causes of physical complaints in the ex-wearing spectacle are frame pressure(34.0%), slipping forward(30.0%) and most popular visual complaints are blur vision(30.0%) and asthenopia(20.0%). 2. The most common physical or visual complaints in the present wearing spectacle are slipping forward(30.0%), pressure (50.0%), color(10.0%). 3. Myopic glasses wearers accounted for 56.7% of the subjects, the others were compound myopic astigmatism. In 60% of the subjects' binocular diopter did not coincide. 4. In the pantascopic angle of the both eyes coincide in 66.7% of the subjects. The average of pantascopic angle is $10.07^{\circ}$. 5. In the vertex distance of the both eyes coincided in 65.3% of the subjects. the he average of vertex distance is 13.6 mm. 6. Among 150 eyes with monocular, the vertical distance between optical center of the lens and pupillary distance of the eye is within the RAL-RG 915 that is tolerance of ophthalmic dispensing in German Standards in 82 eyes (54.6%). 7. Among 150 eyes with monocular, the horizontal distance between optical center of the lens and pupillary distance of the eye is within the RAL-RG915 that is tolerance of ophthalmic dispensing in German Standards in 86 eyes(57.3 %).

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2014

Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) displays are very useful in many fields, but induce physical discomforts in some people. This study is to assess symptom type and severity of asthenopia with their habitual distance corrective spectacle (HDCS) and their binocular vision corrective spectacle lenses (BVCSL) in people who feel physical discomforts. Methods: 35 adult subjects (ages $32.2{\pm}4.4$ yrs) were pre-screened out of 98 individuals to have the highest symptom/asthenopia scores following 65 minutes of 3D television viewing with HDCS. These 35 individuals were then retested symptom/asthenopia scores during they watched 3D television for 65 minutes at a distance of 2.7 m with wearing BVCSL of horizontal, vertical or base down yoked prisms. A 4-point symptom-rating scale questionnaire (0=no symptom and 3=severe) was used to assess 11 symptoms (e.g., blur, diplopia, etc.) related to visual fatigue/visual discomfort. Distance and near lateral phoria were measured using Howell phoria card and vertical phoria were measured using Maddox rod. Symptoms induced by watching 3D TV were compared between wearing HDCS and BVCSL. Results: Asthenopia in watching 3D TV with wearing BVCS was significantly lower than wearing HDCS at 5, 25, 45, and 65 minutes (all p < 0.001, paired t-tests). In only refractive error power correction power group, all asthenopia was not significantly different between HDCS and BVCSL (all $p{\geq}0.05$, paired t-tests). In prism correction groups for binocular imbalance, symptoms of asthenopia, however, was significantly lower for when wearing BVCSL than when wearing HDCS (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Correction of phoria/vergence-based binocular vision imbalance can reduce asthenopia during 3D television viewing. An individual with binocular vision imbalance need corrected/compensated glasses with appropriate prisms prior to prolonged viewing of 3D television displays to reduce asthenopia/visual fatigue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2018

In the field of angiography and interventional radiology, it is said that the risk of radiation exposure to the eyes is high due to the characteristics of work, but currently divided dose assessment and management are not carried out in reality. Therefore, in this study, in order to evaluate the dose of the operator in the surgical environment and to analyze the shields, firstly, we selected the point where the operator is mainly located, evaluated the exposure dose of the eye after attaching the pocket dosimeter to the lateral angle point of the head and neck phantom, and evaluate shielding effect when wearing lead glasses that is currently commercialized. Secondly, we evaluated the tendency of the exposure dose of the eye and the shielding effect through simulation in the same geometric structure as the actual measurement. As a result, in the case of measurement using a dosimeter, the cumulative dose increased with the increase of the fluoroscopic time, and the tendency was different according to the position of the operator. Simulation results show that the dose distribution of the eye lens in the mathematical phantom is about 1.1 ~ 1.3 times higher than that of the cornea. Also, The protective effect of the lead glasses showed a shielding effect of at least 3.7 ~ 21.4% in each eye.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Objective : This paper aimed to measure the relationship between the performance of Korean handwriting and visual fixation for children. Methods : Twenty-one typically developing children aged 7 to 9 years participated in the study. The children performed Korean handwriting task wearing Tobii Pro Glasses 2. The Korean handwriting task consisted of 10 words from elementary school textbooks. The handwriting skill was measured by the coefficient variation of the letter size and the fixation cound and duration. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relation between visual fixation and the coefficient variation of the letter size. Results : The results showed that the visual fixation per second was positively correlated with Korean handwriting vertical size coefficient variation, indicating that the more consistent the vertical size of the letter, the smaller the fixation count per second. Conclusion : The results suggested a relation between the performance of Korean handwriting and visual fixation in typically developing children. This study is the first attempt to measure eye movement during the Korean handwriting process, and suggests a future direction for research on students' development in writing Korean.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2007

To investigate the ametropia and refractive error of 222 ametropic eyes of the 111 high school students in Gwangju Metropolitan City, the visual acuity test was performed by the object and subject method. 85% of the eye types were positive for myopia, 14% for emmetropia, and 1% for hyperopia, respectively. 38% of the abnormal refraction eyes were positive for simple myopia, 4% for myopia simple astigmatism, 56% for myopia compound astigmatism, and 0% for simple hyperopia, 0% for hyperopia simple astigmatism, 2% for hyperopia compound astigmatism, 0% for mixed astigmatism, respectively. 92% of the axes fo astigmatism were for astigmatism with-the-rule, 6% for astigmatism against-the rule, 2% for astigmatism oblique, respectively. As for the astigmatic power, 0.50 < cylinder < 1.00D was 68%, 1.00 < cylinder < 2.00D was 25%, and anything over the 2.00 cylinder D was 7%. As for the equivalent spheric power of myopic abnormal refraction eyes, -0.50 < spheric equivalent < -2.00D was 26%, -2.00D < spheric equivalent < -6.00D was 55% and anything over the -6.00D was 19%. The rate of wearing glasses was 74%. It increases compared to 20 years ago. 91% of the eye test place was the optical shop, 9% the eye doctor hospital. 80% of the students need to change their optical lenses because spherical equivalent power was over 0.50D.