• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4577-4581
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• 2013

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the practice of skin cancer prevention among Malaysian road traffic police officers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 202 Malaysian Road Police Traffic officers. Inclusion criteria were those officers who work wearing white uniform regulating traffic. The survey took place at the Police Traffic Station, Jln Tun H.S. Lee, Kuala Lumpur, the main Head Quarters of Malaysian's Traffic Department where almost 600 police traffic officers are employed. The police traffic officers are given the task to take care of the traffic from the main office of the police station, then, according to the task, the officers drive to their given location for their duty. Each task is approved by the Chief Traffic Inspector of Kuala Lumpur. Data collected in this study were analyzed using SPSS 13, with the T-test for univariate analysis and multiple linear regression for multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 202 road traffic police officers participated. The majority were older than 30 years of age, male, Malay, married, with secondary education, with monthly income more than 2000 Ringgit Malaysia (66.3%, 91.1%, 86.6%, 84.7%, 96%, 66.3%; respectively). Regarding the practice of skin cancer prevention, 84.6% of the study participants were found to wear hats, 68.9% sunglasses and 85.6% clothing that covering most of the body but only 16.9% used a sunscreen when they were outdoors. When analysis of the factors that influenced the practice of skin cancer prevention was performed, univariate analysis revealed that gender, age and monthly income significantly influenced the practice of skin cancer prevention. For multivariate analysis, gender, monthly income and race significantly influenced the practice of using sunscreen among road traffic police officers (p<0.001, p=0.019, p=0.027; respectively). Conclusions: The practice of skin cancer prevention among the traffic police officers showed good practices in terms of wearinga hat, sun glasses and clothing that covers most of the body. However, the study revealed a poor practice of the use of sunscreen. The factors that influence the practice of sunscreen use were found to be gender, income, and race. The study suggests that more awareness campaign among traffic police officers is needed. Providing sunscreen for free for police traffic officers should be considered by the Police authorities.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 사용 시간과 시력 저하 관계를 분석했다. 우선 첫째로, 조사에 참여한 학생들을 성별, 학년, 시력과 안경 착용으로 인구학적 특성에 따라 분류 하였다. 설문은 컴퓨터 사용 시간, 시력 저하의 요인들, 그리고 컴퓨터 사용 목적에 관한 질문들을 하였다. 학생들의 연간 시력 변화와 시력 변화의 원인에 대해서 교차 분석한 결과, 설문에 참가한 165명의 학생 중 63.6%가 한 해 동안 시력이 나빠졌다. 컴퓨터 사용시간과 시력 저하 상관관계를 나타내기 위해 회귀 분석한 결과 일일과 주간 컴퓨터 사용에서는 시력저하를 나타냈고, 년 컴퓨터 사용에서는 시력저하를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 독립 표본 T검정으로 안경 착용과 미착용자의 컴퓨터 사용 시간과 시력 저하를 분석한 결과 일일과 주간 컴퓨터 사용에서는 시력저하를 나타냈고, 년 컴퓨터 사용에서는 시력저하를 나타내지 않았다. 그런데 안경 미 착용자가 안경 착용자에 비해서 시력 저하를 더 나타냈다. 본 논문에서는 24.5%의 학생들이 컴퓨터 사용으로 시력저하를 나타냈다. 컴퓨터 사용 용도의 빈도분석 결과에서는 컴퓨터 게임이 36.4%로 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로 학습목적이 32.1% 나타났다. 본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 사용 시간과 시력 저하의 요인 분석을 통해 컴퓨터 사용 시간이 시력저하에 상관관계가 있음을 나타낸다. 따라서 학생들의 컴퓨터 사용에 대한 학부모님들의 관심이 필요하다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.181-195
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the effect of body exposure and color of a woman's suit on the perception of modesty, and 2) the effect of perceiver's sex and age on impression formed by the function of clothing variables. The instrument of this study consisted of a response scale and stimuli. Thirteen items of 7-point semantic differential scales were developed to measure the perceiver's impression on wearer's modesty. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing one of 8 types of suit constructed by a 2 $\times$ 2 $\times$ 2 factorial design. The manipulation of each level of the clothing variables were: color of the suit by black and red, leg exposure by varying skirt lengths to a Chanel-line and mini skirt, and neck exposure by shirt collar blouse and scarf. Two models, representing typical female college students living in Seoul, were selected to eliminate model effect. The sample include 384 subjects, consisting of 4 groups of male and female college students and middle aged men and women. Eight experimental groups were randomly assigned to one of eight stimuli based on between-subject design. One half of each group responded to model 1 and the other half to model 2 of same stimulus. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed (pc model, Varimax rotation) to identify factors constructing impression of modesty. Two factors emerged regard­less of subgroups; Elegance and Extroversion factor. The first factor was found to be dominant, accounting for 60 percent of the total variance. The other accounted for just 11 percent. Multidimensional ANOVA (5-way, 3-way) was conducted to test the effect of the clothing variables against two factors identified from the factor analysis. Leg exposure was the most powerful variable affecting the impression of Elegance and Extroversion factor for all per. ceiver subgroups. Neck exposure had primary effect on the impression of Elegance, whereas it partially influenced that of Extroversion. Color of suit had only partial effect on the impression of Extroversion. Hypothesis I was partially supported from the findings above. The effect of perceiver's age and sex on impression by the function of clothing variables was tested by comparing the result between four subgroups. In forming an impression of the wearer's modesty, male college students were least affected by the manipulation of clothing variables, while middle aged males were affected most. In the female groups, there was no age difference and they fell between the male groups in the degree to which they were affected. Hypothesis II was supported only by age difference in two male groups, and by sex difference in two student groups.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.935-945
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of dental hygienists on infection control in dental office and their attitude toward that in a bid to provide some information on ways of enhancing the level of infection control in dental office. Methods : The subjects in this study were 220 dental hygienists who worked in dental hospitals and clinics in Busan and South Gyeongsang Province. A survey was conducted from May 17 to June 17, 2010, and the answer sheets from 183 respondents were analyzed with a SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Statistical data on frequency, percentage and mean were obtained, and t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA were utilized. Results : They got a mean of $4.59{\pm}.68$ in six categories of infection control knowledge. They had the best knowledge on dental waste disposal, followed by hand washing, post-sterilization management, instrument disinfection and sterilization, surface management of dental equipment and wearing personal protective equipment. They got a mean of $3.99{\pm}.54$ in attitude, and they scored lowest in practice of surface management of dental equipment. Overall, they scored higher in every aspect of knowledge than in attitude(t=11.410, p=.0.000). There was the greatest gap between their knowledge and practice in surface management of dental equipment (t=13.885, p=0.000), and there was the smallest gap between their knowledge and practice in hand washing(t=5.460, p=0.000). And a positive correlation was found between knowledge and attitude, as better knowledge of infection control led to better attitude toward that(p<.001). Finally, concerning infection control knowledge and attitude by general characteristics, the presence or absence of infection control guidelines made differences to infection control knowledge, and infection control attitude was statistically significantly different according to infection control education experiences(t=6.501, p=.012) and the presence or absence of infection control guidelines(t=22.836, p=.000). Conclusions : In order to bolster infection control in dental office, the related system should be improved to legally require dental personnels to implement infection control. Every dental office must be furnished with infection control guidelines, and sustained education should be provided for dental hygienists to carry out infection control.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.11-24
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• 1981

The objectives of the study were to determine 1) if energy consumption and conservation vary in clothing, food, and housing with independent variables-size of household, homemaker's age, employment, and level of education, level of living, type of house, electricity use, and all energy use, and 2) if there is a correlation among energy conservation practices in clothing, food, and housing. Questionnaires wee given to the randomly selected homemakers in Seoul in July, 1980. Data from 620 responses were analyzed by F-test (Analysis of Variance) and Correlation. The results are as follows: 1. Clothing (1) the scores of the conservation practices I clothing were generally high. /However, it was found that a) they did not practice in wearing heavy under clothes and behavior outer clothing to cope with cool room temperature in the winter, b) they did not use bleach for laundry, but they used boiling method, and c) they did not have enough knowledge on Permanent Press finish. (2) energy conservation practices in clothing were significantly related to level of living and homemakrer's level of education. a) The higher the level of living, the higher scores in the knowledge were found. b) the higher the homeakcer's level of education, the higher scores in the knowledge and ironing were obtained. 2. Food (1) The scores of the conservation practices in food were generally high. However, it was found that scientific cooking methods were not performed such as a) to use measuring spoons, cups, and timers, b) to practice a simple method in using solor energy for warming water, c) to use thermos for the hot water tea or coffee, but they boiled water whenever necessary, and b) to use the pressure cooker whenever possible. (2) Energy conservation practices in food were significantly related to homemaker's employment and type of dwellings. a) The scores of full-time homemakers (not gainfully employed) were higher than gainfully employed homemakers. b) Families in traditional Korean dwellings revealed higher scores than those in apartment or western style dwellings. 3. Housing (1) The scores of the conservation practices in housing were generally high. However, it was found that a) they did not install fans in the kitchen, bathroom, and attic in the summer, b) they did not install a humidifier for tolerating a lower room temperature in the winer, c) they did not practice to make plans for the door of the refrigerator remained open for the shortest time, d) they did not install or use a local lighting with a general lighting for reading and cooking, and e) they usedaluminum foil without the knowledge of the heat reaction of its shiny and dull sides. (2) energy conservation practices in housing were significantly related to homemaker's employment and level of education, economic status, types of dwelling, and all energy use, a) Full-time homeakers had higher scores than gainfully employed homeakers. b) the higher the homemaker's level of education and economics status, the higher scores were obtained. c) Homeakers with their own house scored higher points than those with rented houses. And families in apartment or row houses scored higher points than those in traditional korean or western style dwellings. d) The higher the consumption rate of electricity and all energy, the higher scores were revealed. 4. correlation there was a significant correlation among energy conservation practices I clothing, food, and housing.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2010

연구목적 : 이 연구는 수직적 교합고경의 증가에 따른 사지 근력에 대한 영향을 관찰하고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법 : 평균 연령 21세의 10명의 남자를 선발하였다. 상악피개형의 교합장치를 제작하여 장치를 착용하지 않은 교두감합 (Intercuspal Position, ICP)시와 2mm, 3.5mm 그리고 5mm 수직적 교합고경을 증가시킨 위치에서 각각의 근력을 Cybex II dynamometer (Lumex Inc., Ronkonkoma, NY, USA)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과 : 측정한 14가지 동작 중 hip의 굴곡운동과 신전운동, forearm의 회외운동, shoulder의 내전운동, knee의 외전운동과 내전운동, ankle의 배측굴곡과 족측굴곡에서 교합장치의 장착시 근력의 유의한 증가를 보였다 (p<0.05). 결론 : 이 연구의 결과로 볼 때 수직적 교합고경을 증가시켰을 때 대부분의 동작에서 평균근력이 증가된다고 결론지을 수 있었다. 특히 3.5mm 수직적 교합고경을 증가시켰을 때 가장 높은 평균근력 증가율을 보였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate normalized jerk according to shoes, slope, and velocity during walking. Eleven different test subjects used three different types of shoes (running shoes, mountain climbing boots, and elevated forefoot walking shoes) at various walking speeds(1.19, 1.25, 1.33, 1.56, 1.78, 1.9, 2, 2.11, 2.33m/sec) and gradients(0, 3, 6, 10 degrees) on a treadmill. Since there were concerns about using the elevated forefoot shoes on an incline, these shoes were not used on a gradient. Motion Analysis (Motion Analysis Corp. Santa Rosa, CA USA) was conducted with four Falcon high speed digital motion capture cameras. Utilizing the maximum smoothness theory, it was hypothesized that there would be differences in jerk according to shoe type, velocity, and slope. Furthermore, it was assumed that running shoes would have the lowest values for normalized jerk because subjects were most accustomed to wearing these shoes. The results demonstrated that elevated forefoot walking shoes had lowest value for normalized jerk at heel. In contrast, elevated forefoot walking shoes had greater normalized jerk at the center of mass at most walking speeds. For most gradients and walking speeds, hiking boots had smaller medio-lateral directional normalized jerk at ankle than running shoes. These results alluded to an inverse ratio for jerk at the heel and at the COM for all types of shoes. Furthermore, as velocity increased, medio-lateral jerk was reduced for all gradients in both hiking boots and running shoes. Due to the fragility of the ankle joint, elevated forefoot walking shoes could be recommended for walking on flat surfaces because they minimize instability at the heel. Although the elevated forefoot walking shoes have the highest levels of jerk at the COM, the structure of the pelvis and spine allows for greater compensatory movement than the ankle. This movement at the COM might even have a beneficial effect of activating the muscles in the back and abdomen more than other shoes. On inclines hiking boots would be recommended over running shoes because hiking boots demonstrated more medio-lateral stability on a gradient than running shoes. These results also demonstrate the usefulness of normalized jerk theory in analyzing the relationship between the body and shoes, walking velocity, and movement up a slope.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 1995

This study was conducted with the subject of showing the importance of early rehabilitation and exercise therapy in patients who have stroke, of confirming the adavntage of ward exercise conducted by nurse, which had been conducted mainly by physical therapist only in physical thrapy room and of developing the exercise program as the independent rehabilitation nursing intervention. A total of 62 patients were selected as object from April, 5th, to May, 17th, 1995, who had been hospitalized in K medical center, and the half of them were assigned to Experimental group in ramdom assignment using a coin. It was ADL check list tool developed by Kang and Ward Exercise Program developed by the researcher that were used as a treatment. Ward Exercise Program was conducted by the reseacher and the physical therapist measured ADL score before and after Ward Exercise Program. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, pearson correlation, Chi-Square test and the effect of Ward Exercise Program was analyzed by t-tast. The result of this study is as follows. 1. The experimental group showed eminent improvement of ADL compared with the counter group with statistical significance. In eating(t=6.10, df=60, p=.000), personal hygiene performing(t=4.86, df=60, p=.000), wearing(t=5.86, df=60, p=.000), elimination(t=7.89, df=60, p=.000), mobility on the bed(t=13.36, df=60, p=.000), moving(t=9.11, df=60, p=.000), walking(t=7.45, df=60, p=.000) 2. There was no qualitative difference between experimental group and control group with the significance of $p{\le}.05$. 3. There was no relation between the general condition and the difference of ADL, while there was significant relation between the starting point of exercise and the difference of pre-exercise and post exercise ADL. As a result, it should be emphasized that the early rehabilitation and exercise therapy are important in patients who have stroke, and that it is necessary to extend the exercise therapy to the ward. Therefore, this Ward Exercise Program could be recommended as a independent clinical exercise nursing intervention in rehabilitation nursing of patients who have stroke.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2014

Alveolar fricative sounds /s/ and /s'/ are learned last for normal children in the speech development process for Koreans. These are especially difficult to articulate for hearing-impaired children often causing articulation errors. The acoustic phonetic evaluation uses testing tools to provide indirect and object information. These objective resources can be compared with standardized resources on speech when interpreting the results of a test. However, most previous studies in Korea did not consider acoustic studies that used the spectrum moment values of hearing-impaired children. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the characteristics of hearing-impaired children's pronunciation of fricative sounds using spectrum moment values. For this purpose, the study selected a total of 10 hearing-impaired children (5 boys and 5 girls) currently in 3rd or 5th grade and attending one of the elementary schools in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do. For the selection process, their age, type of hearing aid, implantation of hearing aid (CI) before two years of age, hearing capacity (dB) before and after wearing the hearing aid, duration of speech rehabilitation, and time of learning alveolar fricative sounds were all considered. Also, 10 normal children (5 boys and 5 girls) were selected among 3rd or 5th grade students attending one of the elementary schools in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do. The subjects were asked to read the carrier sentence, "I say _______," including a list of 12 meaningless syllables composed of CV and VCV syllables, including alveolar fricative sounds /s/ and /s'/ and vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/. The recorded resources were processed through the Time-frequency Analysis Software Program to measure M1 (mean), M2 (variance), M3 (skewness), and M4 (kurtosis) of the fricative noise. No significant differences were found when comparing spectrum threshold values in the acoustic phonetic characteristics of hearing-impaired children and normal children in alveolar fricative sound pronunciation according to vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/, alveolar fricative sounds /s/ and /s'/, and syllable structure (CV, VCV) other than, for M3 in the comparison of groups according to disability. In the comparison of syllable structures, there were statistically significant differences in M1, M2, M3, and M4 with clinical significance. However, there was no significant difference in results when comparing the alveolar fricative sounds according to the vowels.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2020

인구고령화에 따라 노인의 근골격계질환의 유병률이 계속해서 증가하고 있다. 또한 근골격계질환은 2015년 기준으로 산재보험 보상급여에서 업무상질병 중 상위 세 번째로 사회 및 경제적 손실을 초래한 질환으로서 근로자들에게도 많이 발생하는 질병이다. 본 연구에서는 허리의 근골격계질환의 예방과 치료에 보조할 수 있는 조끼를 제작하여 실험을 통해 그 효과의 유무를 확인하고자 한다. 허리부분의 질환은 코어근육과 밀접한 연관이 있다. 따라서 제작한 조끼는 코어근육을 지지해 주는 형태로 제작하였다. 효과 검증을 위해 조끼의 착용 전과 후에 허리 신전 운동인 멕켄지 운동을 10회 실시하면서 코어근육에 해당되는 배속빗근(내복사근, Internal oblique), 배곧은근(복직근, Rectus abdominis), 척추세움근(척추기립근, Erector spinae)의 근전도 데이터를 수집하고 수집한 데이터를 근전도 분석 프로그램인RM-3를 통해 분석하여 각 근육의 10회 측정 시 RMS값을 구하고 그 평균값을 비교하는 실험을 진행했다. 데이터비교 이후 유의성 검증을 위해 PASW ver18.0을 통해 측정결과의 기술통계치 산출과 평균차를 검증하고, 실험 결과치에 대응표본 T검정을 시행하여 통계 처리를 했다. 통계분석의 유의 수준은 α=.05로 설정하고 통계처리를 진행하였다.