• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.81-94
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• 1990

The view of this research was to investigate the state of a sanitary management in the industrial area of Masan and Changweon cities through the nutritionists who works in the group food service facilities. The following results are as indicated . 1. The management types of group food service facilities are a direct management 89.7% , a consignned management 7.7% , an(1 a semimanagement 2.6% . 2. The survey for purulent inflammation and a possible disease of a cook is 59.0%. In the case of a wound of hand and foot and disease, the rate of non-worked people is 51.3% 3.4 regular medical examination of a cook was generally well executed, but only 64.1% were received an examination of the feces, and 88.0%, among them had one time per 6months. 4. Wearing a cap, a gown, and a private foot-wear in a kitchen of the cook was well executed, but nowhere was found to put on a mask 5. Only 11.5% of the group feeding facilities had a their own sterilizing lamp, and the company with a repository in a low temperature was 25.6% , 6.4 private toilet of the cook were estabilshed at rate of 38.5% , and also a private toilet providing with a sterilizing soap was 52.6% . 7. The pasteurization of a kitchen table before cooking was 28.2%, In the case of using a cooking dipper, spoon, tweezers when one taste was 83.3% , and using a hand when one dish up was 74.4 %. 8. When one use a raw egg, washing a shell was 35.9%. 9. The rate of a nutritionists writing a diary of the sanitary check-up was 75.6%, and only 23.1% of the facilities was provided with a preserved food. 14.1% of the nutritionists did a sanitary eaucation periodically.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2010

Introduction : Head trauma is the main cause of death in aircraft crash. In a Michigan study of structurally survivable, fatal accidents, 80% of the fatally injured had received head trauma. We tried to develop a new helmet for passengers, and perform its efficiency test. Methods : An aircraft helmet requires an excellent protection against head trauma, lightness, and small volumes. In addition, it must be wearable, fire resistant, and non toxic when it is burning. We developed two new helmets made from silicone foam which met all theses requirements. One was thin (2.5cm), and the other was thick (6.3cm). These looked like a motorcycle helmet and had only a soft silicone as liner material without an outer hard shell. Therefore we can carry them easily inside aircrafts. The standard test for helmet is Snell's drop test. It measures the impact acceleration of head shaped metal wearing helmet during we drop it at certain heights. Impact sites were total 5 sites (front, back, right, left and top) for each helmet. All these sites were impacted twice. Results : The thickness of impact sites varied from 2.5cm to 6.3cm. The impact acceleration of 2.5cm thickness site when it was dropped from 1.0 meter was 379g. But, that of 6.3cm thickness site when it was dropped from 1.5 meter was only 163g. Unfortunately, both helmets didn't meet the Snell Standard for motorcycle helmets. Discussion : If we add suitable outer hard shell, and change its thickness and design, the efficiency will be increased. A study indicated that helmet could reduce the risk of head trauma up to 85%. We made helmet for passengers in aircraft crash for the first time. If we improve its weak points, it will decrease the frequency of head trauma in aircraft craft.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.15-28
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• 2011

This study will focus on research and analysis covering the period of time since the creation of the People's Republic of China to current day China, with an emphasis on 20-something year-old women living in Shanghai. In conducting this research, historical evidence of fashion was derived from books, photographs, and Internet resources pertaining to the specific periods of interest. Furthermore, each set of data has been organized in approximately decade-long segments that best reflect the transformation of Chinese fashion from 1949 to 2000. As a result of the countrywide emphasis placed on revitalization of the newly created Chinese state during the period of 1949 to 1965, detail to fashion was largely ignored, in preference to the successful upstart of a working economic foundation. This neglect of fashion is evident by the scarcity of new and daring styles during this period. The following the period of 1966 to 1977 ushered in a cultural revolution that was aptly demonstrated in the changing fashion tastes. When compared with the previous period, the blandness of clothing, authorized by the Chinese government clearly reflected the rules and regulations strictly enforced by a government mandate of conformity and obedience. These orthodox changes were so drastic, that women wearing these clothes could hardly be differentiated from men in the same style wear. After Mao Ze Dong's death in 1976 and the end of the sternest period of the Chinese Revolution, a new era of Chinese culture and fashion was made possible by a more lax and tolerant government. During the later palt of the seventies through the eighties, this new governmental policy fostered more openness and self-expression, both of which led to a newfound interest in expressing one's desires and personality through the clothes he or she chose to wear.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate using and evaluative criteria for purchasing of sleepwear in winter. Subjects were 523 males and females aged from twenties to fifties, living in Chongju and Taejon. For data analysis, frequency, descriptive analysis, t-test, and F-test were used. The results are as follows. First, the ownership of sleepwear was sweat suits with zippered top, pajamas, T-shirts/pants, underwear, and nightgown in order. The mean of using sweat suits was used the highest, and subjects used more home wear than sleepwear in winter. Second, the using or sleepwear had a significant difference in cold-sensitiveness and body types. Cold-sensitive group used sweat suit and T-shirts/pants more than cold-insensitive group. Also, groups who are thin wore sweat suit the most while groups who are corpulent, used underwear the most when they slept. Third, subjects, who are married women and use bed, used nightgown, but pajamas were used by groups who are older, married, and professional. Sweat suits and T-shirts/pants were used the most by single aged twenties. Forth, consumers considered the wearing comfort when they purchased sleepwear for winter, and they evaluated washing/management, fabric, design/style, economic, service, brand, and others' response in order, for judging the quality of sleepwear. Also, the evaluative criteria had a significant difference in demographic variables such as sex, occupation, and marital state. These results implied that sleepwear would be needed for winter in terms of behavioral temperature regulation. Especially, cold-sensitive and thin group would wear knitted and two-piece sleepwear for thermal comfort when they sleep in winter. Also, Using and evaluative criteria of sleepwear would be different in demographic characteristics. For winter, sleepwear should be develop based on physiologic as well as demographic variables.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.48-79
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• 1999

Background : The clothing is considered as second skin. The patient clothing needs basic clothing demands which are comfortable, functional and aesthetical and special demeands which are associated with medical examination, treatment and management of daily-life inconveniences. The patient is weak and labile to psychic trauma and has limitation of movement. So the help of others is needed. But recent patient clothing does not satisfy above demands. So the design, making and management of patient clothing to satisfy those demands are very important. The purpose of this study' is to develop multipurpose clothing which is comfortable, functional, aesthetical and satisfying patients and medical personnels. Method : The questionnaires of existing patient clothing were tested by patients, medical doctors, and nurses. After analyzing two types of questionnaires, eight types of experimental patient clothing were made. After preference test, shortcomings were removed and merits were adapted. One type of multipurpose patient clothing mixing eight above experimental clothing was made. The state of wearing and moving were videotaped. The videotape-recoding was watched by patient, caregivers(medical doctors, nurses) and clothing specialists. Result : The general reaction for experimental clothing were positive by the group of patients, medical personnels and clothing specialist, there were significant differences among three groups. Conclusion : It was thought that to develop one type of multipurpose clothing is possible. If the studys for patient clothing which are free-size and economic matters that are type of clothes and method of washing are made in depth, the desirable patient clothing will appear.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.748-761
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• 2008

This study was initiated out of necessity to inquire into the trend of costume regulation between the mid-15th century and mid-17th century, and what influence the change of dress and its ornaments had on the people at the time. As for the resources this study was based on, the True Record of Joseon Dynasty, which was the historical record of official compilation, was used as basic material, and the excavated relics at the time were referred to. The forbidden dress and ornaments mentioned in the records from the time of King Seonjong to the time of King Hyeonjong were classified into textiles, clothes, ornaments and dresses, according to the objects. It was designed to identify the laws and ordinances or regulations enacted by the state and the contents of discussions, which were caused by the extensive consumption of silk gauze and fabrics and the luxury in dress and ornaments, and the phenomenon induced by the consumption desire of the social class with economic power, and to help understand the cause. So to speak, the law and ordinance or regulations were established to solve the social problems caused by the failure in controlling dress and ornaments wearing based on social position, during the process in which the king and court officials were making effort to intensify their political power in each regime.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.516-525
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• 2016

Lumbar discs are one of the first parts of the musculoskeletal system to age in the human body. Lumbar disc for females start to age at twenty years of age and completely age between fifty and sixty. The number of lumbar herniated intervertebral disc patients are increasing rapidly; however, studies on protective inner wear are insufficient. This study was conducted to develop protective inner wear equipment that retains an aesthetic appreciation of the body. The methods and procedures of this study are as follows. First, foreign and domestic lumbar pads were researched and analyzed by visiting medical shops and internet shopping malls that sell lumbar pads. Second, the survey was conducted on forty patients with disc disease in hospitals located in Seoul and surrounding suburbs. The following are the study results and observations. First, the lumbar pads selling on the market had a variety of designs, textiles, and fabrics. The result of the research was to develop additional inner protective equipment for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc patients. Second, the survey results of the forty patients with disc disease were that housewives were the most vulnerable. All patients had experience purchasing lumbar pads. The prevention of pain and stress were the most selected responses for the motivation to buy lumbar pads. Most individuals said that they used lumbar pads for less than 1 year. Dissatisfaction came from fabric, activity and design. 'Being uncomfortable to wear' was the most common complaint. 'Protection and how easy the clothes were to wear' were the most selected for the necessity of developments. The Inner wear shape was the most selected in shape. Except for six respondents, all favored the lumbar protective inner wear design.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 2016

Recently, the interest in a garment that accentuates a fit and slender body continues to be highly desirable. Customers frequently want to wear a slim designed jacket that fits well, reflecting the trends of being young and slim. Accordingly, this research collected information on brands with ready-to-wear slim fit tailored jackets that target female customers in their 30s. By identifying the jacket pattern design and production state by brand, and evaluating the appearance when wearing the jacket, I was able to draw up the following conclusions. First, the fit highlights many problems because of the difference between the model size of brands that targeted domestic women in their 30s and the standard somatotype of them. This can be solved by considering the somatotype of women in their 30s when choosing the models. Second, the relative simplicity of the pattern should allow a slim fit tailored jacket to be produced that fits the front, back and side well. This would lead to the development of a jacket that would fit better as well as allowing for ease of movement. Similar to this, the model size of domestic brands changes frequently and customers prefer the size of a slim model instead of the size suitable for a target's somatotype. This results in a limit on the levels of satisfaction regarding brand targets for body types. Accordingly, it is hoped that this research will become the standard data for the development of a slim fit tailored jacket that will fit women in their 30s well.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.136-143
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of physical functions of elderly people on their clothing behavior and to provide basic information about manufacturing comfortable apparels for the elderly. A total of 219 people, with ages between 60s and 70s, participated in the survey and in the experiment to correlate their tendency of wearing clothes with the state of their physical functions. About 78.5% of the elderly showed eyesight deterioration in the subjective evaluation. Elders in their 60s raised their arms higher up in overhead reach, and showed shorter distance between middle fingertips in behind back stretch and in back scratch than elders in their 70s. Also, the former stretched farther to the floor in standing trunk flexion, and maintained more steady in one leg stand and in tandem stance than the latter. The narrower the movement range of the upper limb joints was, the more the elderly preferred upper garments with full front opening to those with half or no opening. The more inflexible the upper limbs and waist and the more unbalanced the body was, the more likely the elderly put on pants while sitting on the floor. The time taken to button up the shirt and to put on and take off pants showed a positive correlation with the overhead reach, the behind back stretch, the back scratch and the standing trunk flexion, whereas the former showed a negative correlation with the one leg stand and the tandem stance.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.171-184
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• 2013

Frequently faced with dangerous situations, for evidentiary purpose in case of civil and criminal liability challenges, car drivers in Korea have been armed with so-called 'black boxes'; however, which are just video recorders in vehicles rather than real 'black boxes' that are equipped in the airplanes. In the United States, they are called EDRs(Event Data Recorders), more technically, which means that they record data of events happened while driving, such as velocity changes, airbags deployment, seatbelt wearing etc. just like in the airplanes. EDR technology is quickly becoming more advanced, more widely available, and less expensive; however, new concerns are emerging : the privacy of drivers. In U. S., vehicle manufacturers and insurance companies and the governmental agencies including the courts and legislatures are the main parties in terms of the EDR concerns. In order to determine the best way to regulate EDR, it is necessary to balance all the merits, such as safety, privacy, truth, justice and efficiency, to support a legal framework regulating the EDR concerns. This article, in light of the regulation of EDR and experience therof in the United States, examines EDR technology itself, particularly with respect to the automobile industry, describing its history, its current state, and trends that may change it in the future; and explains how the National Highway Transportation Safety Agency (NHTSA), legislatures, courts have approached EDR data. At the early stage of regulation on EDRs in Korea, examining U. S. legal framework and usages would help for successful establishment of legislation and regulation.