• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.161-169
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• 1999

해양음향 토모그래피에 의한 유속측정의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 1997년 4월 거제도 남쪽해역에서 쌍방향 음파전파 토모그래피 실험을 실시하였다. 이 실험은 해양음향 토모그래피에 의한 실시간 유속관측 시스템을 구축하기 위한 현장 기초실험으로 시도되었다. 실험 당시의 해양물리 환경을 고려하면서 음파 전파시간 차이에 의한 유속측정 결과를 초음파 유속계(ADCP)에 의한 실측유속과 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 두 실측치는 상관계수 0.943으로써 매우 양호한 상관관계를 보였으며, 해양음향 토모그래피에 의한 방법이 연안해역에서 유속측정 방법으로서 향후 크게 활용될 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• 대기
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.707-718
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• 2015

This study investigates the characteristics of turbulent fluxes observed at Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) in autumn 2014. The 10 Hz IORS data is quality controlled and calculated to be the 30 minutes turbulent fluxes. The quality control consists of five steps: a weather check, Vickers and Mahrt (VM) sequential check, VM parallel check, flag check, and direction check. Since the IORS is an open-sea station with no orographic influence, there are no significant diurnal variations for the turbulent fluxes and 10 m wind speed. According to stabilities, the unstable and semi-unstable states appear more than 28% and 70% in autumn, respectively and they have strong winds of over $10m\;s^{-1}$. In addition, the turbulent fluxes increase with increasing wind speed. In particular, the latent heat flux and its deviations are clearly shown because the latent heat flux is influenced by the change of both the sea surface roughness and wave height induced by the wind. To demonstrate the changes of the turbulent fluxes before and after typhoon, Vongpong (1419), which is the most intense typhoon affecting the Korean Peninsula in 2014, is considered. The turbulent flux fluctuates in accordance with the location of Vongpong. The turbulent fluxes have a large (small) variation when Vongpong approaches (retreats) at the IORS. The overall results represent that the IORS data helps us understand physical processes related to air-sea interaction by providing the valuable and reliable observed data.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2009

여름철 우리나라 서해 연안을 관측한 SAR영상에서 다수의 내부파가 관측되고 있으며 이들은 동지나해에서 관측되는 내부파들에 비하여 소규모이며 상대적으로 많은 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이러한 내부파들은 여름철 표층 해수의 혼합을 발생시킴으로서 해양 생물학적으로 중요한 역할을 하며 대륙붕에서의 퇴적물 이동 및 음파의 전달에 있어서도 중요한 요소로서 서해의 물성 특성 연구에 있어서 반드시 고려되어야 한다. 내부파의 특성 분석을 위해서는 시공간적인 정보가 필요하며 이를 위해서는 현장 관측과 위성 관측이 동시에 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 2002년 5월 29일 현장 관측과 동시에 획득된 SAR영상을 분석하고 영상에 나타난 내부파와 동일한 내부파를 시간에 따른 수심별 등온선의 변화에서 분석 추적하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.594-604
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• 2021

신지명사십리 해수욕장에서 해빈침식의 원인을 파악하기 위해, 2019년 3월부터 2020년 3월까지 조석, 조류 및 파랑과 같은 외력과 표층퇴적물에 대한 현장조사가 계절별로 수행되었다. 그리고 이들 외력에 반응하는 해빈의 변화양상을 파악하기 위해, 정기적으로 해안선 및 해빈표고가 측량되었고, 과거에 간헐적으로 수행되었던 측량자료도 분석에 활용되었다. 대상해역에서 조류는 해빈변화에 영향을 줄 만큼 충분하지 않았으나, 남측으로 열려있는 이 해역에서 유의파고 1m 이상의 입사파들은 모두 S ~ SE 파향으로 춘하추계에 출현하였으며, 유의파고 2m 이상의 고파랑은 하추계에 태풍의 영향으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 태풍의 영향이 2년 동안 없었던 2018년 7월의 해빈면적은 2019년 3월에 비해 30,138m² 증가해 있었고, 이후 2차례의 태풍의 영향을 겪었던 2020년 3월은 해빈면적이 61,210m²가 줄어든 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 2018년 7월 이후 2차례의 태풍 내습이 있었던 2019년 3월은 5.4%의 해빈체적이 감소한 상태였고, 이후 2019년 9월까지 다시 2차례의 태풍내습에 의해 해빈체적이 7.3% 감소하였으며, 2020년 3월은 해빈체적이 4.4% 감소로서 추동계동안 다소 회복되는 경향을 보였다. GSTA에 의한 퇴적물 이동벡터는 해빈중앙의 소하천으로 부터 토사가 약하게 유입되며, 서측해빈에서 이동경향은 두드러지게 나타나지 않으나, 동측해빈에서 육상역의 토사가 바다쪽으로 그리고 동측에서 서측으로 퇴적물이 이동하는 경향이 아주 우세하게 나타났다. 이러한 퇴적물 이동경향벡터는 해빈에 대해 반시계방향으로 24° 기울어져 있어 연평균파향의 파랑이 입사할 때 서향의 해빈류가 발달하는 것으로 설명할 수 있었다. 이에 따라 서측해빈역은 모래가 풍성하지만, 동측해빈역은 표사공급원의 부재로 자갈이 드러나고 곳곳에 사구포락이 발생하는 것과 같은 침식이 심각하였다. 따라서, 이같은 토사이동구조를 가진 동측해빈역에 양빈과 같은 새로운 표사원을 조성하고, 동측해안 끝단역에서 입사파를 저감시키는 것과 같은 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.207-218
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• 2013

수치 모델링 실험을 활용하여 서해 천수만의 해수 유동과 그 변화를 이해하기 위한 연구를 수행했다. 모델링 실험 결과에 대한 검증을 위해 관측 자료의 조위와 조류 각각 4대 분조의 진폭과 위상을 이용하여 스킬 분석을 실시했다. 그 결과 스킬 점수는 대부분 90%가 넘는 것으로 보아 수치 모델링 실험 결과는 관측된 조위와 조류가 양호하게 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 천수만의 조석파는 만 입구에서 안쪽으로 진행되며 북부로 갈수록 조차는 점차 증가했다. 조석파가 북부까지 도달하는데 약 10~30분의 시간이 소요되었다. 남부에서 조석파는 반시계 방향으로 회전하는 특성을 보였다. 조류는 해저 지형을 따라 남-북 방향으로 흘렀으며, 장축의 각도는 등수심선과 나란히 나타났다. 조류타원의 단축이 장축의 10% 이하로 왕복성 조류의 특성을 보였다. 수심과 해안선 등 지형적 요인에 의해 좌우되는 조석잔차류의 크기는 1~30 cm/sec의 범위를 보였고, 남쪽 수로에서 컸으며 만의 북부에서는 작았다. 조석잔차류로부터 유도된 상대와도를 통해 수 백 m에서 수 km 크기로 시계/반시계 방향으로 회전하는 와류를 확인했고, 죽도 주변에서 2쌍, 남부에서 형성된 3~4쌍의 강한 와류 특성을 파악했다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2008

In this study, the experiment of the measuring of four different types of flooring materials' thermal characteristics was conducted and examined during the summer. The experimental materials were arranged on the existing slab of the roof, and then its thermal characteristics were examined from the point of view of thermal radiation analysis. The aim of this study is ultimately to draw the fundamental data for improvements in a building's thermal function and reduce the urban heat island phenomena through optimizing the thermal characteristics of the surface covering materials of a building. The results from this study are as follows; 1) Each experimental material's albedo was calculated as 0.83 on the aluminum panel, 0.40 on the rock block, 0.37 on the wood deck and 0.21 on the concrete. It shows that the concrete material, which has the lowest short wave reflective rate, absorbed the most radiation energy and the aluminium panel has absorbed the lowest radiation energy. 2) From the each experimental object's value of the long wave radiation, the concrete material measured the highest, at $628W/m^2$, and the aluminium panel measured the lowest at $412W/m^2$. Therefore, it verifies that the experimental objects' own radiation rate determines the amount of the long wave radiation. 3) The degree of energy absorbency of a building's surface covering materials is greatly influenced by its own albedo and radiation rate, Therefore, it needs to be considered for the improvements in a building's thermal function and reducing the urban heat island phenomena. 4) According to the evaluation result of the each experimental object's overall heat transmission screening function on the roof of a building, the wooden deck is proven to be an excellent material for excluding the outside temperature differences effectively with its characteristic of low heat capacity and conduction. Also its surface temperature on the roof slab and the temperature difference during the day were both measured at low.

• 대기
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.205-220
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• 2013

Upper ocean response to typhoon Ewiniar (0603) and its impact on the following typhoon Bilis (0604) are investigated using observational data and numerical experiments. Data used in this study are obtained from the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS), ARGO, and satellite. Numerical simulations are conducted using 3-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model. Results show that when Ewiniar passes over the western North Pacific, unique oceanic responses are found at two places, One is in East China Sea near Taiwan and another is in the vicinity of IORS. The latter are characterized by a strong sea surface cooling (SSC), $6^{\circ}C$ and $11^{\circ}C$ in simulation and observation, under the condition of typhoon with a fast translation speed (8m $s^{-1}$) and lowering intensity (970 hPa). The record-breaking strong SSC is caused by the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water, which produces a strong vertical temperature gradient within a shallow depth of Yellow Sea. The former are also characterized by a strong SSC, $7.5^{\circ}C$ in simulation, with a additional cooling of $4.5^{\circ}C$ after a storm's passage mainly due to enhanced and maintained upwelling process by the resonance coupling of storm translation speed and the gravest mode internal wave phase speed. The numerical simulation reveals that the Ewiniar produced a unfavorable upper-ocean thermal condition, which eventually inhibited the intensification of the following typhoon Bilis. Statistics show that 9% of the typhoons in western North Pacific are influenced by cold wakes produced by a proceeding typhoon. These overall results demonstrate that upper ocean response to a typhoon even after the passage is also important factor to be considered for an accurate intensity prediction of a following typhoon with similar track.

• 대기
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.325-336
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• 2018

This study investigates robust features of interdecadal changes in the Northern hemisphere summer tropical-extratropical teleconnection occurred around the mid-to-late 1990s by analyzing four different reanalysis data for atmospheric circulation and temperature, two precipitation reconstructions, and two sea surface temperature (SST) data during the satellite observation era of 1980~2017. For the last 38 years, there has been a significant increasing trend in anticyclonic circulation at lower and upper troposphere and 2 m air temperature with wavenumber-5 Rossby wave structure in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropics. The increase has been accompanied with the significant weakening and northward shift of jet stream over Eurasia and the North Pacific. It is further found that there has been a significant interdecadal shift occurred around the mid-to-late 1990s in the two distinct modes of tropical-extratropical teleconnection: Western Pacific-North America (WPNA) and circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern. After mid-to-late 1990s, the WPNA has played more important role in modulating the extratropical atmospheric circulation and surface climate, which has been preferentially occurred during the El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) decaying or transition summer such as 1998, 2010 and 2016. During these summers, severe heat waves were occurred over many parts of the NH extratropics due to the combined effect of the increasing trend in the barotropic anticyclonic circulation and the significant WPNA across the NH. Although weakened, the CGT also contributed to some of hot summers over many parts of the NH extratropics such as 1999, 2000, 2008, 2011, and 2012 when weak to moderate La $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ was persisted.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

The coastline influenced naturally and artificially changes dynamically. While the long-term change is influenced by the rise in the surface of the sea and the changes in water level of the rivers, the short-term change is influenced by the tide, earthquake and storm. Also, man-made thoughtless development such as construction of embankment and reclaimed land not considering erosion and deformation of coast has been causes for breaking functions of coast and damages on natural environment. In order to manage coastal environment and resources effectively, In this study is intended to analyze and predict erosion in coastal environment and changes in sedimentation quantitatively by detecting changes in coastal line from data collection for satellite images and aerial LiDAR data. The coastal line in 2007 and 2012 was extracted by manufacturing Digital Surface Model (DSM) with Aviation LiDAR materials. For the coastal line in 2009 and 2010, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method was used to extract the KOMPSAT-2 image selected after considering tide level and wave height. The change rate of the coastal line is varied in line with the forms of the observation target but most of topography shows a tendency of being eroded as time goes by. Compared to the relatively monotonous beach of Taean, the gravel and rock has very complex form. Therefore, there are more errors in extraction of coastlines and the combination of transect and shoreline, which affect overall changes. Thus, we think the correction of the anomalies caused by these properties is required in the future research.

• 대기
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.395-409
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• 2022

A new soil moisture initialization scheme is applied to the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Global Seasonal forecasting system version 6 (GloSea6). It is designed to ingest the microwave soil moisture retrievals from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) radiometer using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF). In this technical note, we describe the procedure of the newly-adopted initialization scheme, the change of soil moisture states by assimilation, and the forecast skill differences for the surface temperature and precipitation by GloSea6 simulation from two preliminary experiments. Based on a 4-year analysis experiment, the soil moisture from the land-surface model of current operational GloSea6 is found to be drier generally comparing to SMAP observation. LETKF data assimilation shows a tendency toward being wet globally, especially in arid area such as deserts and Tibetan Plateau. Also, it increases soil moisture analysis increments in most soil levels of wetness in land than current operation. The other experiment of GloSea6 forecast with application of the new initialization system for the heat wave case in 2020 summer shows that the memory of soil moisture anomalies obtained by the new initialization system is persistent throughout the entire forecast period of three months. However, averaged forecast improvements are not substantial and mixed over Eurasia during the period of forecast: forecast skill for the precipitation improved slightly but for the surface air temperature rather degraded. Our preliminary results suggest that additional elaborate developments in the soil moisture initialization are still required to improve overall forecast skills.