• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2017

This study was undertaken to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant characteristics of commercially available mixed grains in Korea. The quality characteristics of mixed grain products studied were the mixing ratio, water binding capacity, water solubility, swelling power, and pasting characteristics. The antioxidant characteristics assessed the total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The mixing ratio of commercially available mixed grain products consisted of 5~25 kinds of grains, with maximum products containing 15-grain products. The water binding capacity, water solubility, and swelling power in commercially available mixed grain products were 99.83~122.83%, 6.91~39.26% and 7.76~86.92%, respectively. The peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosity were $31.53{\pm}20.17RVU$, $25.24{\pm}13.22RVU$, $6.29{\pm}7.43RVU$, $50.27{\pm}25.84RVU$ and $18.74{\pm}8.68RVU$, respectively. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were $817.14{\sim}2,524.29{\mu}g\;GAE/g$ and $106.36{\sim}1,099.09{\mu}g\;CE/g$, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 31.91~151.70 mg TE/100 g and 28.09~119.92 mg TE/100 g, respectively. Products with high phenol content and radical scavenging activity were found to contain greater proportion of brown rice, colored rice, barley and soybean.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2014

Objective of this research was to develop root media containing expanded rice hull (ERH) and carbonized rice hull (CRH). To achieve this, the physico chemical properties of two materials were analysed and blended with peatmoss (PM) or coir dust (CD) with various ratio. Based on the physical properties of the blended materials, 4 root media were selected for future experiment. After the analysis of pH and EC of the selected root media, the kinds and amount of pre-planting nutrient charge fertilizers (PNCF) incorporated into each root medium were varied, and then, final chemical properties of the root media were analysed. The total porosity (TP), container capacity (CC), and air-filled porosity (AFP) were 81.3%. 39.9%, and 41.4% in ERH and 77.6%, 64.1%, and 13.5% in CRH, respectively. The percentage of easily available water (EAW, from CC to 4.90 kPa tension) and buffering water (BW, 4.91-9.81 kPa tension) were 11.37% and 5.27%, in ERH and 17.26% and 14.28% in CRH, respectively. The pH of ERH was 7.1, but it was extremely high in CRH such as 11.2. The EC and CEC were $1.31dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and $12.1meq{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ in ERH and $6.53dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and CEC 7.79 $meq{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ in CRH, respectively. The ranges of TP, CC and AFP in 4 selected media (PM + ERH, 6:4, v/v; CD + ERH, 8:2; PM + CRH, 7:3; CD+CRH 6:4) were 89.2-90.3%, 67.3-81.8%, and 8.3-21.9%, respectively. The pHs and ECs in root media containing peatmoss such as PM + ERH (6:4) and PM + CRH (7:3) were 4.0-4.3 and $0.33-0.365dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, whereas those of CD + CRH were 7.4-7.9 and $1.282dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The pHs and ECs, however, analysed before and after the incorporation of PNCF in each root medium were not significant different. This result indicated that the incorporated fertilizers in PNCF to adjust medium pH did not dissolve enough to influence medium pH, but it is very normal in root media containing dolomitic lime and sulfur powder in adjusting pH. The Information obtained in this study may facilitate an effective formulation of root media containing rice hulls.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.311-319
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• 2007

This study was conducted to estimate effects of application of controlled release complex fertilizer with latex coated urea (LCU-complex) on growth and grain quality of rice under direct seeded on dry paddy (DS) and transplanted on flooding paddy (TP). Three types of latex coated urea different nitrogen (N) releasing were LCU40, LCU80 and LCU100. The time of N releasing of LCU formulations in water at both 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ was faster in the order of LCU40, LCU80, LCU blend (LCU40, LCU80 and LCU100 was mixed in ratio of 2:2:1), and LCU100. The number of tillers and dry matter weight were great in order of LCU-complex 100% > LCU-complex80% > urea and plant height was not significant. Grain yields at LCU-complex80% in both DS and TP plot were similar to those of urea application. N recovery of LCU-complex80% and 100% was improved 8 and 6% compared to that of conventional urea split application in DS plot and 9 and 4% in TP. Content of protein of grain at applied LCU-complex was less 0.8% and $0.1{\sim}0.7%$ than that of urea in DS and TP, respectively. Content of amylose and Mg/K ratio in rice grain was not significant. Consequently application of LCU-complex blended types of coated urea different N releasing can be reduced 20% of N without yield reduction and improved grain quality compared with urea application.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.478-483
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the microbial safety of the foodstuffs and manus in regards to foodservice operations, the total of 1,051 samples of drinking waters, vegetables, and cooked foods were collected. Total viable count (TVC), coliform group, and pathogens were analyzed. Twenty five percent samples of 441 drinking waters showed high contamination of above 2 log CFU/g TVC. Twenty percent of the waters were contaminated by above one log CFU/g coliform. Forty percent of non-heated food, Moochim, were contaminated by above 5 log CFU/g TVC and 26% of Moochim were contaminated by above 2 log CFU/g coliform. Bacillus cereus and Eschericia coli were detected on boiled rice and kimchi, and B. cereus was detected with a high ratio. Therefore, the foodstuffs and manus regarding foodservice operations appear to be generally safe. However, efficient microbial control for drinking water and Moochim-style food is necessary and in particular, careful management to reduce microbial contamination should be applied to drinking water.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.547-556
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to invesitage the optimum cooking method, which ingridients mixing ratio and decortication of white and black sesame gruels, were examined by sensory and mechanical tests. As the results of sensory evaluation for the decortication white and black sesame gruels with the levels of 50, 100, 150, and 200％ sesame per rice l00ｇ, the flavor, nutty taste, and the overall preference were increased with the increase of sesame add. The gruel which made with decorticated sesame roafting for 7 minutes was proferable. The gruels 150% decorticated white and black sesame roasted 7 min had better overall preference. In the mechanical measurement for the white sesame gruels, L value tended to be decreased, while ‘a' and ‘b' values as well as viscosity tented to be increased as the sesame ratio and roasting time increased. In black sesame gruels, L value tended to be decreased, while ‘a' and ‘b' values as well as viscosity tended to be increased when sesame ratio was increased. In correlation between sensory evaluation and mechanical measurement of the white and black sesame gruels, color, flavor, nutty taste of sensory evaluation were correlated with the mechanical measurement. The optimal material mixing ratio for gruels was rice 100 g, white and black sesame 150 g, and water 1075 g.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 1994

In Lentinus edodes(oak mushroom) cultivation, commonly are logs and sawdusts of oak and some other broadleaved tree species used. Recently oak trees have been substantially diminished due to extensive logging. Thus, to develop comparable synthetic formula using other tree species for the cultivation of Lentinus edodes, we investigated the effect of various nutrients and pretreatment on L. edodes mycelial growth in coniferous sawdusts(i.e., Pine and Larch). We found that 1.5 hr pretreatment of sawdust with hot water and adding 10% rice bran, 3% charcoal, 0.02% $NH_4CI$ and 0.5-1% lignosulfornic acid were effective for the growth of L. edodes in pine sawdust media. In larch sawdust pretreatment with acetone for one hr and adding 20% rice bran, 3% charcoal and 0.02% $NH_4CI$ increased L. edodes mycelial growth. We also analyzed the components of oak and coniferous sawdusts and found oak has higher content of xylose and lower content of lignin, arabinose and mannose than conifers. Rice bran, compared with BITEL(HOKKEN Co.) known for better commercial substitute for rice bran, has lower content of xylose and galactose, but the similar C/N ratio.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.242-252
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• 1984

A port experiment was conducted to compare the effect of chemical forms of nitrogen fertilizers on the rice growth and soil characteristics. The nitrogen fertilizers used for this study were ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride and urea. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The differences in pH of the soil and surface water between treatments during the first week after fertilizer application were great and the pH values were in the order of urea > ammonium nitrate > ammonium sulfate > ammonium chloride treatment. However the differences were insignificant after the first week. 2. The differences in pH of the air-dried soil somewhat increased and pH values were in the order of urea > ammonium nitrate > ammonium chloride > ammonium sulfate treatment. 3. Sulfur contents of the soil and the rice leaf and N content of the rice leaf were highest when ammonium sulfate was applied. But there were few differences between the treatments in total N content of the soil and in P, K, Ca and Mg contents of the soil and the rice leaf. 4. Number of tillers and dry matter weight of the rice plant were highest in ammonium sulfate plot throughout all the growing stages. 5. Number of panicle per hill was highest in ammonium sulfate plot, and this brought the highest grain yield in ammonium sulfate plot. The lowest grain yield in ammonium nitrate plot resulted from the lowest number of panicle per hill and ripened grain ratio.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 1983

The hydrogen fluoride gas generated from making the cement hardener injured the plants growing at the neighbour field. This investigation was conducted on sample analysis of hydrogen fluoride gas damage plants which included the ratios of destroyed leaves, damage symptoms, and nutrient elements in paddy rice and weeds. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The ratio of destroyed leaves at near HF source was very high reaching about 95% at 100m, 65% at 500m, 5% at 2㎞, respectively. 2) The necrosis was the characteristic symptom of fluoride injury on rice plant and occurred predominantly at the tip and margins of damage leaf. It developed along the tip and margins of leaves with a dull, gray-green, water soaked discoloration. 3) The fluorine content of tip and margins of damaged rice leaves were 1,600 ppm, 3 to 20 times higher than that of center part and it ranged from 130 to 242.5 ppm in weed leaves, but from 10 to 15 ppm in normal weed leaves. 4) The contents of calcium, potassium, silicon, iron and manganese were higher in tip and margins than in the center of rice damage leaves. 5) The Cocculus trilolous. D.C was the most resistant plant to HF gas than any other plant growing in this site, while wild berry and aralia tree belong to most sensitive plant group.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.142-150
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• 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to assess effects of heat stress on growth performance, physiological parameters, and blood profiles of Hanwoo steers during early-fattening period in climate chambers. Methods: Four Hanwoo steers (body weight, 454.3±10.9 kg; age, 14±0.1 month) were allocated into four levels of temperature-humidity index (THI) in a 4×4 Latin square design for 21 days (pre-adaptation, 7 d; heat stress, 7 d; post-adaptation, 7 d) per period. Experimental treatments were assigned according to THI chart based on National Institute Animal Science (NIAS, 2022): Comfort (25.5℃ to 26.5℃, 60%; THI 73 to 75), Mild (28℃ to 29℃, 60%; THI 77 to 79), Moderate (29.5℃ to 30.5℃, 80%; THI 82 to 84), and Severe (31℃ to 32℃, 80%; THI 85 to 86) in separate climatic controlled chambers. Results: The dry matter intake (DMI) of the formula feed was lower in Severe compared to Mild and Comfort (p<0.05). The DMI of rice straw was the lowest in Severe and lower in Moderate than Comfort and Mild (p<0.05). Both average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of Severe and Moderate were lower than those of Mild and Comfort (p<0.05). Water intake was the highest in Severe and lower in Moderate compared with Comfort and Mild (p<0.05). Heart rate and rectal temperature increased as THI level increased (p<0.05). Glucose was the lowest in Severe and lower in Moderate compared to Comfort (p<0.05). On the contrary, non-esterified fatty acid was the highest in Severe and lower in Moderate compared with Comfort (p<0.05). Blood urea nitrogen of Moderate and Severe were higher than those of Comfort and Mild (p<0.05). Cortisol increased as THI increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the negative effects of heat stress on the performance and physiological responses of Hanwoo steers during the early-fattening period. In addition, it is judged that the THI chart for Hanwoo steers of National Institute of Animal Science (2022) was properly calculated.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the salt movement in upland soils in reclaimed region (Kye-Hwa Do). The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The cation content in ground water increased during time course. but in the case of land-surface water the content was variable, and $K^+$ was lower than that of $Na^+$ and $M^{+2}$. At the L. S. P(Low salinity plot) under rainproof condition, the salinity was directly proportional to soil water content, but at the H. S. P (High salinity plot) the tendency was no reversed. 3. In condition of rainproof, the amount of available phosphorous was higher at the H. S. P than at the L. S. P. 4. Positive correlation was obtained between the soil water content and available phosphorous content at the rainfall plot, but there was no significance at the surface soil of the rainproof plot. 5. SAR (Sodium adsorption ratio) and anion ($Cl^-$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$) contents in soil were repressed in the order of black vinyl>white vinyl>rice straw>control.