• Title/Summary/Keyword: water stress

검색결과 3,197건 처리시간 0.031초

Comparison of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment responses in three different ICR stocks

  • Yoon, Woo Bin;Choi, Hyeon Jun;Kim, Ji Eun;Park, Ji Won;Kang, Mi Ju;Bae, Su Ji;Lee, Young Ju;Choi, You Sang;Kim, Kil Soo;Jung, Young-Suk;Cho, Joon-Yong;Hwang, Dae Youn;Song, Hyun Keun
    • Laboraroty Animal Research
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.317-328
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    • 2018
  • Cognitive impairment responses are important research topics in the study of degenerative brain diseases as well as in understanding of human mental activities. To compare response to scopolamine (SPL)-induced cognitive impairment, we measured altered parameters for learning and memory ability, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and neuronal cell damages, in Korl:ICR stock and two commercial breeder stocks (A:ICR and B:ICR) after relevant SPL exposure. In the water maze test, Korl:ICR showed no significant difference in SPL-induced learning and memory impairment compared to the two different ICRs, although escape latency was increased after SPL exposure. Although behavioral assessment using the manual avoidance test revealed reduced latency in all ICR mice after SPL treatment as compared to Vehicle, no differences were observed between the three ICR stocks. To determine cholinergic dysfunction induction by SPL exposure, activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assessed in the three ICR stocks revealed no difference of acetylcholinesterase activity. Furthermore, low levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and high levels of inflammatory cytokines in SPL-treated group were maintained in all three ICR stocks, although some variations were observed between the SPL-treated groups. Neuronal cell damages induced by SPL showed similar response in all three ICR stocks, as assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, Nissl staining analysis and expression analyses of apoptosis-related proteins. Thus, the results of this study provide strong evidence that Korl:ICR is similar to the other two ICR. Stocks in response to learning and memory capacity.

말뚝표면 거칠기에 따른 동착강도 변화에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Effect of Pile Surface Roughness on Adfreeze Bond Strength)

  • 최창호
    • 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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    • 제12권12호
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    • pp.79-88
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    • 2011
  • 수분이 동결하여 이질 재료의 표면에 부착하는 동착현상에 의해 접착된 동결토사와 기초구조물의 접촉면에 발현되는 동착강도는 동결온도, 토사종류 및 물성, 재료표면의 거칠기, 구속응력 등 다양한 영향인자들에 동시다발적인 영향을 받는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 특히 재료의 표면 거칠기는 동착강도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 대표적인 영향인자로 인식되어 동토지반 기초설계를 위한 동착강도 산정 시 반드시 고려된다. 기존의 연구사례들을 통해 제안되어온 동착강도 산정방법들은 대표적인 말뚝의 재료에 따른 고정된 수정계수를 적용하는 방식으로 말뚝표면의 거칠기를 고려하고 있다. 하지만 같은 재료로 제작된 말뚝이라 하여도 제작조건과 환경에 따라 재료표면 거칠기에 차이가 날 수 있으며, 이는 동착강도에 큰 변화를 일으킬 수도 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 프랙탈 차원의 개념을 적용함으로서, 수치화된 재료의 단면 거칠기가 동착강도에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 직접전단방식의 실내 동착강도 측정실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 동착강도는 동결온도가 낮아질수록, 수직응력이 증가할수록, 재료 표면이 거칠수록 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 동착강도는 비동결 상태에서 동결상태로 넘어가는 $-2^{\circ}C$까지의 구간에서 재료 표면 거칠기에 민감하게 반응한 반면, 동결된 이후 동결온도가 $-2^{\circ}C$에서 $-5^{\circ}C$로 저하되는 구간에서는 거칠기에 대한 민감도가 저감되었다. 이는 비동결 상태에서 보다 동결된 토사에 대하여 지중 구조물의 표면 거칠기가 미치는 영향이 크지만, 약 $-2^{\circ}C$ 부근으로 예상되는 소정의 동결온도 이하로 넘어가면 거칠기가 동착강도의 증가율에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 의미하는 것으로 판단된다.

부자탕 추출물이 골관절염 동물 모델에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Buja-tang Extract on Osteoarthritic Animal Model)

  • 박중현;양두화;우창훈;안희덕
    • 한방재활의학과학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.17-32
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    • 2021
  • Objectives The present study was designed to find out the therapeutic effects and possible underlying mechanism of Buja-tang, a herbal complex formula on experimental monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis. Methods Osteoarthritis models were created via intra-joint injection of MIA (50 μL with 80 mg/mL) in rats. Rats were divided into five groups and each group consisted of seven. Normal group was not injected MIA and did a normal diet. Control group injected MIA and received distilled water. Indo injected MIA and oral administration of 5 mg/kg of indomethacin. BJTL injected MIA and oral administration of 100 mg/kg of Buja-tang. BJTH injected MIA and oral administration of 200 mg/kg of Buja-tang. We analyzed weight-bearing ability of hind paws, oxidative stress related factor, antioxidant protein, inflammatory protein, inflammatory messenger and cytokine in joint tissue. Pathological observation of knee cartilage tissue structures was also performed with hematoxylin & eosin and safranin-O chromosomes. Results Weight-bearing ability of hind paws showed a tendency to reduce pain. The incidence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and p22phox in articular tissue was significantly reduced, and the incidence of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutases was significantly increased. The incidence of phosphorylated inhibitor of κBα, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β decreased significantly. In pathological observation, cartilage tissue damaged by MIAs in biopsy has significantly recovered from Buja-tang administration. Conclusions Buja-tang has anti-inflammation, antioxidation and pain relief effects. So this is thought to inhibit the progress of osteoarthritis in rat caused by the MIA.

하중조건을 고려한 제주 화산암지대의 지반 안정성 평가 (Ground Stability Evaluation of Volcanic Rock Area in Jeju according to the Loading Conditions)

  • 한희수;백용
    • 지질공학
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.199-209
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    • 2021
  • 본 논문은 SOC시설물 건설에 따른 지반 안정성을 평가한 논문으로, 기존 지반 및 숨골 조사결과에 따른 지반 물성치를 이용하여 SOC시설물 하부지반의 안정성을 평가한 것이다. 연구내용은 다음과 같다. 1) 기존 지반조사 자료를 기반으로 지반현황을 분석하여 숨골 및 지반 물성치를 산정하였다. 2) 수치해석을 통한 지반의 안정성 및 변형 범위를 파악하였다. 3) 지반안정성 해석단면(대형장비 주행로) 결정한 후 단면에 대한 모델링을 하여, 지반 안정성을 평가하였다. 본 연구는 SOC시설물 전체 부지를 크게 3개의 단면으로 나누어 해석하였으며, SOC시설물 하부지반의 각 단면별 지반, 하중조건 및 포장조건을 파악하여 컴퓨터 수치해석 모델링을 통해 응력, 침하량, 변형률을 산정하였다. 현 지반 조건에 따른 각 단면별 해석결과, 침하량은 0.11~0.18 m, 전응력은 92.75~445 kPa로 해석되었다. 이 결과들은 하부지반의 숨골을 고려하여 지반의 강도 정수를 감소시켰을 뿐 아니라, 하부지반의 보강이 없는 조건으로 해석한 결과이므로, 적절한 하부지반의 조건을 고려하여 약액주입 등의 간단한 지반 보강만으로 충분한 SOC시설물 지반 안정성을 확보할 수 있다.

선박용 Shaver Type 로프절단장치의 안전성 및 성능평가에 관한 연구 (A Study on Safety and Performance Evaluation to Shaver Type Rope Cutter for Ships)

  • 강성훈;고재용
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.632-638
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    • 2022
  • 우리나라는 연안해역을 집약적으로 활용하기 때문에 폐기물로 인한 해양사고 발생률도 높은 편이다. 항해하는 선박의 추진기에 해양부유물, 폐로프, 폐어망 등이 감기는 사고를 부유물감김사고로 정의하고 있다. 이러한 사고를 예방하기 위해 본 연구에서는 국내에 상용화되어 세이버 타입(Shaver type)의 로프절단장치를 유한요소법을 이용하여 구조안전성 검토와 수조시험을 통해 절단 과정 및 성능평가를 진행하였다. 그 결과 로프절단장치를 구성하는 모든 파트는 0.5s 도달하기 전 파손되었으며, 인장강도 대비 발생한 최대응력을 기준으로 각 파트의 안전계수는 최소 2이상으로 나타났다. 수조시험에서는 세이버타입의 절단장치의 절단 과정을 살펴보았고, 실제 해상에서 부유중인 폐로프가 다양한 각도로 진입하는 것을 고려하여 케이스 별로 설치 각도를 설정하였다. 그 결과 모든 케이스에서 절단이 되었으며, 절단 날이 어떠한 각도에 장착되어도 로프를 절단하는데 문제가 없을 것으로 판단된다.

지반 보간을 위한 지반정보DB 구축 방법에 따른 액상화 평가 결과 비교 (Comparison of Liquefaction Assessment Results with regard to Geotechnical Information DB Construction Method for Geostatistical Analyses)

  • 강병주;황범식;방태완;조완제
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.59-70
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    • 2022
  • 지진으로부터 상대적으로 안전지대라고 여겨졌던 한반도에서 2017년 규모 5.4의 강진이 포항지역에 발생함으로써 액상화 현상이 민가, 농지에서 광범위하게 나타났고 이에 액상화 현상을 예측하는 액상화 재해도 작성에 관한 연구수요가 높아지고 있다. 액상화 현상이란 느슨한 사질토에서 지진과 같은 큰 동적응력이 짧은 시간 작용할 때 과잉간극수압의 급격한 증가로 지반의 강도가 완전히 상실되는 현상을 의미한다. 액상화는 액상화 가능지수(liquefaction potential index, LPI)를 통해 평가할 수 있지만 LPI는 단일 시추공 별로 산출되기 때문에 해당지역의 대표성에 대한 문제가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 대표성의 문제는 지리정보시스템(geographic information system, GIS)을 활용한 공간보간을 통해 보완될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지구통계학적인 공간보간 기법 중 하나인 크리깅(kriging)을 활용하여 지반정보의 대표성 문제를 해결하고자 하였으며 액상화 평가를 위한 지반정보DB를 구축하고자 하였다. 또한 구축된 지반정보DB를 활용하여 재현주기 별 액상화 재해도를 작성하였으며 액상화 재해도 결과는 교차검증을 통하여 정밀도 검증을 수행하였다.

Major environmental factors and traits of invasive alien plants determining their spatial distribution

  • Oh, Minwoo;Heo, Yoonjeong;Lee, Eun Ju;Lee, Hyohyemi
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제45권4호
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    • pp.277-286
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    • 2021
  • Background: As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent and no longer a special problem. Anthropogenic activities and climate changes have made the distribution of alien species out of their native range common. As a result, alien species can be easily found anywhere, and they have nothing but only a few differences in intensity. The prevalent distribution of alien species adversely affects the ecosystem, and a strategic management plan must be established to control them effectively. To this end, hot spots and cold spots were analyzed according to the degree of distribution of invasive alien plants, and major environmental factors related to hot spots were found. We analyzed the 10,287 distribution points of 126 species of alien plants collected through the national survey of alien species by the hierarchical model of species communities (HMSC) framework. Results: The explanatory and fourfold cross-validation predictive power of the model were 0.91 and 0.75 as AUC values, respectively. The hot spots of invasive plants were found in the Seoul metropolitan area, Daegu metropolitan city, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, southwest shore, and Jeju island. Generally, the hot spots were found where the higher maximum temperature of summer, precipitation of winter, and road density are observed, but temperature seasonality, annual temperature range, precipitation of the summer, and distance to river and sea were negatively related to the hot spots. According to the model, the functional traits accounted for 55% of the variance explained by the environmental factors. The species with higher specific leaf areas were more found where temperature seasonality was low. Taller species preferred the bigger annual temperature range. The heavier seed mass was only preferred when the max temperature of summer exceeded 29 ℃. Conclusions: In this study, hot spots were places where 2.1 times more alien plants were distributed on average than non-hot spots (33.5 vs 15.7 species). The hot spots of invasive plants were expected to appear in less stressful climate conditions, such as low fluctuation of temperature and precipitation. Also, the disturbance by anthropogenic factors or water flow had positive influences on the hot spots. These results were consistent with the previous reports about the ruderal or competitive strategies of invasive plants instead of the stress-tolerant strategy. The functional traits are closely related to the ecological strategies of plants by shaping the response of species to various environmental filters, and our result confirmed this. Therefore, in order to effectively control alien plants, it is judged that the occurrence of disturbed sites in which alien plants can grow in large quantities is minimized, and the river management of waterfronts is required.

반복삼축압축시험을 이용한 국내 모래지반의 액상화 거동 특성 비교 (Analysis of the Characteristics of Liquidization Behavior of Sand Ground in Korea Using Repeated Triaxial Compression Test)

  • 서혁;김대현
    • 지질공학
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.493-506
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    • 2021
  • 액상화 현상이란 지반이 포화된 느슨한 사질토 지반에 지진과 같은 동적하중이 급속히 작용할 때 과잉간극수압이 발생하고, 지반이 유효응력을 상실하고 액체화 되는 현상을 말한다. 액상화 평가를 위한 실내반복시험은 반복삼축압축시험과 반복전단시험을 통하여 확인이 가능하다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 반복삼축압축시험을 이용한 모래의 상대밀도와 입도분포에 따른 액상화 저항 강도를 확인하고자 하였고, 실험장비의 신뢰도 검증과 결과의 타당성을 확인하고자 기존의 선행연구와 대조하여 비교·분석하였다. 실험결과, 흙의 분류에 상관없이 상대밀도가 증가함에 따라 액상화 저항 강도가 높아짐을 확인하였고, 모래의 입도분포에 따른 액상화 저항강도는 SW에 가까운 SP시료의 액상화 저항강도가 상당히 높게 확인되었다. 또한 세립분 0% 대비 세립분 30%를 분석한 결과, 상대밀도 40~70%까지 증가함에 따라 액상화 저항강도가 5~20% 가까이 감소하였고, 국내 풍화토 지반이 주문진 표준사 대비 액상화 저항 강도가 세립분이 10%일 때는 30% 이상, 세립분이 30%일 때는 50% 이상 낮게 측정되었다.

급성 위염 동물 모델에서 감국(甘菊) 추출물과 아마인유(亞麻仁油) 혼합물의 위 점막 보호 효과 (Protective Effects of Chrysanthemi Indici Flos Extract and Flaxseed Oil Mixture on HCl/ethanol-induced Acute Gastric Lesion Mice)

  • 이진아;김수현;김민주;안정현;박해진;이우락;노성수
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.19-28
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    • 2018
  • Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Flaxseed oil and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos 50% ethanol extract in an HCl/ethanol induced acute gastritis model. Methods : ICR mice were divided into 6 groups; normal mice (Nor), gastritic mice with distilled water (Veh), gastritic mice with 10 mg/kg sucralfate (SC), gastritic mice with 16 g/㎏ Flaxseed oil (FO), gastritic mice with FO + 50 mg/kg Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (FCL), and gastritic mice with FO + 100 mg/kg Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (FCH). Then, mice were orally administered with 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol and caused acute gastritis. After 1 hr, mice were sacrificed, and blood and stomach tissue were collected. Results : Administration of FCL and FCH to mice prior to the induction of gastritis was found to reduce gastric injury. reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxy nitrite ($ONOO^-$) levels of stomach tissues were significantly decreased in FO, FCL, and FCH compared to Veh group. As results of stomach protein analyses, FCL and FCH effectively reduce inflammatory-related factors such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) in gastric lesion mice. In addition, nuclear factor kappa B p65 ($NF-{\kappa}B$ p65) and phosphorylation inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa $B{\alpha}(p-I{\kappa}B{\alpha})$ were down-regulated in FCL and FCH administrated gastric lesion mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that FCL and FCH has an inhibitory effect against gastric injury. Therefore, FCL and FCH has the potential to be used as a natural therapeutic drug.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses hemin-aggravated colon carcinogenesis through Nrf2-inhibited mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation

  • Seok, Ju Hyung;Kim, Dae Hyun;Kim, Hye Jih;Jo, Hang Hyo;Kim, Eun Young;Jeong, Jae-Hwang;Park, Young Seok;Lee, Sang Hun;Kim, Dae Joong;Nam, Sang Yoon;Lee, Beom Jun;Lee, Hyun Jik
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.74.1-74.16
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    • 2022
  • Background: Previous studies have presented evidence to support the significant association between red meat intake and colon cancer, suggesting that heme iron plays a key role in colon carcinogenesis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of green tea, exhibits anti-oxidative and anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of EGCG on red meat-associated colon carcinogenesis is not well understood. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of hemin and EGCG on colon carcinogenesis and the underlying mechanism of action. Methods: Hemin and EGCG were treated in Caco2 cells to perform the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. We investigated the regulatory effects of hemin and EGCG on an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis mouse model. Results: In Caco2 cells, hemin increased cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and ROS levels. EGCG suppressed hemin-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory protein expression as well as mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Hemin increased nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, but decreased Keap1 expression. EGCG enhanced hemin-induced Nrf2 and antioxidant gene expression. Nrf2 inhibitor reversed EGCG reduced cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory protein expression. In AOM/DSS mice, hemin treatment induced hyperplastic changes in colon tissues, inhibited by EGCG supplementation. EGCG reduced the hemin-induced numbers of total aberrant crypts and malondialdehyde concentration in the AOM/DSS model. Conclusions: We demonstrated that EGCG reduced hemin-induced proliferation and colon carcinogenesis through Nrf2-inhibited mitochondrial ROS accumulation.