• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

To investigate the effect of several bactericides and fungicides against fruit & vegetable decay grapefruit seed extract(GFSE) was tested in a dilution solution. GFSE was shown to be effective against decay and rind breakdown and to extend the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables during storage and tiansport. Antimicrobial efficiency of GFSE on a wide spectra of gram + & - bacteria, moulds and yeasts was demonstrated by the measurement of minimal inhibitory concentrations performed (Bacteria 10-500ppm, Fungi:250-1,000ppm, Yeasts:100-250ppm). GFSE was separated and extracted into water-soluble fraction, water-insoluble and non-dialyzed fraction to isolate the antimicrobial substances. The water-soluble fraction showed the most active antimicrobial effect. The antimicrobial substances were isolated by gas chromatography. As the result of the isolation using GC, Peak-D was found to be the antimicrobial compound in GFSE. The identification of the most antimicrobial substance was carried out by using GC-MS.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 1986

천연항산화제의 유효이용을 위하여, 생강으로부터 추출한 산항화성물질을 정어리유에 첨가하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 POV, 산가, TBA가, 중량변화 및 지방산조성 등의 변화를 경시적으로 조사하여 그 항산화성을 검토하였다. 1. 저장중 과산화물가의 변화에 있어서, 생강의 $80\%$ ethanol 추출구와 지용구는 10일 째까지 완만하게 증가하다가 그 이후 빠른 속도로 증가하였으며 수용구는 25일 째까지 완만하게 증가하였다. 2. 저장중 TBA가의 변화는 수용구가 10일 째까지 완만히 증가하다가 그 이후 비교적 빠른 속도로 증가한 반면 $80\%$ ethanol 추출구와 지용구는 초기부터 비교적 빠른 속도로 증가하였다. 3. 저장중 산가의 변화에 있어서 대조구는 10일째부터 빠른 속도로 증가하였는데 수용구는 30일 째까지 완만한 증가를 나타내었다. 4. 저장중 중량변화에 있어서 대조구는 15일 째까지 빠른 속도로 증가하였는데 $80\%$ ethanol 추출구는 20일 째 약 $3.5\%$, 지용구는 $1.7\%$, 증가한 반면 수용구는 약 $0.5\%$ 증가하였다. 5. 저장중 지방산조성을 살펴보면 저장초기에 포화산은 약 $41.4\%$ 이었으며 $C_{14:0}$가 약 $9\%$, $C_{16:0}$가 $28.9\%$로서 포화산의 $90\%$ 이상을 차지하였고, monoene산은 $19.0\%$로서 $C_{16:1}$이 약 $9\%$, $C_{18:1}$이 $8.6\%$로서 monoene산의 대부분을 차지하였으며 polyene산은 약 $32.1\%$로서, $C_{20:4},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{20:6}$이 그 대부분을 차지하였다. 생강의 각 추출구를 첨가한 후 저장 40일 째의 지방산조성을 살펴보면 대조구에 있어서 포화산이 약$62.2\%$이고 monoene산은 $29.0\%$, polyene산은 약$5.6\%$인데, polyene산의 경우 저장초기에 비하여 약$26.5\%$ 감소하였는데 $C_{20:4},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{22:6}$이 주감소요인으로 작용하였다. $80\%$ ethanol 추출구. 지용구 및 수용구도 이와 비슷한 경향을 나타내었지만 대조구에 비하여 모두 polyene산의 감소비율이 작았는데 특히 $C_{22:6}$의 경우 수용구의 감소비율이 가장 적었고 다음으로 지용구 $80\%$ ethanol 추출구의 순이었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.336-339
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• 2005

Common thistle contains water-soluble substances that are antioxidative to foods. Antioxidant activities measured by DPPH method for the ground samples were the greatest in leaves, although was less than that of commonly used antioxidants, BHT and ascorbic acid. Methanol extracts and fractions from Xanthium occidentale plants dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity, in vitro test. The extracts from leaves showed the strongest antioxidant activity. DPPH scavenging activity of the individual fraction was in order of n-butanol>water>ethyl acetate>n-hexane fraction. By means of HPLC analysis, leaf samples of Xanthium occidentale had the highest amount of phenolic compounds, related with antioxidant activity, and followed by stems and roots. Total content of these antioxidant phenolic com­pounds for leaves extracts were detected in water fraction (36.7 mg 100 $g^{-1}$) as the greatest amount, especially chlorogenic acid (39.4 mg 100 $g^{-1}$) was the greatest component. These results suggest that Xanthium occidentale plants had potent antioxidant activity, and their activities were differently exhibited depending on plant part and fraction.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2005

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is known to contain water-soluble substances that improve antioxidant status due to the richness in antioxidants. Greenhouse experiment was carried out under different shading conditions during spring lettuce growing season. Shade significantly reduced shoot weight, number of leaves and chlorophyll content, while it increased shoot length of lettuce plants. The antioxidant potential of the individual fraction was in order of n-butanol > ethyl acetate > water > n-hexane fraction, although was less than that of commonly used antioxidants, BHT and ascorbic acid. Fractions from lettuce plants dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity, in vitro test. By means of HPLC analysis, BuOH fraction of cultivar 'Hwahyang' (57.93 mg $100g^{-1}$) had the highest amount of antioxidant chi orogenic acid. Shading treatment increased average amount of chlorogenic acid of all cultivars in BuoH, EtOAc, hexane and water fractions by 33, 120, 144, and $58\%$, respectively. These results suggest that lettuce plants had potent antioxidant activity, and their activities were differently exhibited depending on cultivar and fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2007

Seeds of Paulownia coreana were collected, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (7 : 3, v/v), concentrated under reduced pressure and successively fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and water on a separatory funnel. The $H_2O$ soluble fraction was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane as washing solvents. Two isomeric phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside (1) and isoverbascoside (2), and one epimeric phenylethanoid glycoside, campneoside II (3), were isolated and their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopical data.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2006

The contents and physicochemical properties of fiber in 15 kinds of vegetables being consumed commoly in Korea were investigated, and the effects of various cooking and Kimchi fermentation) on fiber were studied. Contents of total pechin in raw vegetables were 0.89-2.75g/100g, and most were 1-2g/100g, on dry weight basis. Considering each fraction of pectic substances, the content of HWSP of vegetables ranged in 0.33-0.98g/100g, HXSP, 0.29-0.81g/100g and HCLSP, 0.30-1.40g/100g. HCLSP of three pectic fractions showed the greatest variation according to the kinds of vegetables. Every vegetables showed similar contents of three pectic fraction. Cooking decreased total pectin content in all vegetables regardless of cooking methods and the greatest reduction was observed in boiling. Among three pectic fractions, hot water soluble pectin(HWSP) increased, and sodium hexamtaphosphate soluble pectin(HXSP) and HCL soluble pectin(HCLSP) decreased.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for extraction of soluble acidic polysaccharides from ginseng marc. Method of carbazole-sulfuric acid was applied to determine the amount of acidic polysaccharides in ginseng marc. The amounts of soluble acidic polysaccharides in water extract of ginseng marc were increased with increasing extraction temperature. The contents of acidic polysaccharides were not significantly different despite the extraction time increasing from 0.5 hours to 6 hours. To estimate the rehydration rate of the freeze dried polysaccharide, the extracted acidic polysaccharide fraction powder was determined the amount of soluble acidic polysaccharides by carbazole-sulfuric acid method again. The rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharides from water-extract of red ginseng marc at room temperature was 100%. On the other hand, the rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharide of red ginseng marc at boiling temperature was about 50%. The rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharides from water-extract of white ginseng marc at room temperature was 50%. The rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharide of red ginseng marc at boiling temperature was about 40%. The rate of soluble acidic polysaccharide of Red Ginseng is higher than that of White Ginseng. We can find out the maximum extraction method of soluble acidic polysaccharide from ginseng marc.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.65-84
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• 2001

We recently demonstrated that bee venom (BV) injection into acupoint (i.e. Zusanli) produced more potent anti-inflammatory and antinociciptive effect in Freunds adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model as compared with that of non-acupoint injection(i.e back). However, the precise components underlying BV-induced antinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory effects have not been fully understood. Therefore, we further investigated the anti-arthritic effect of BV after extracting the whole BV according to solubility (water soluble: BVA, ethylacetate soluble: BVE). Subcutaneous BVA treatment (0.9 mg/kg/day) into Zusanli acupoint was found to dramatically inhibit paw edema and radiological change (i.e. new bone proliferation and soft tissue swelling) caused by Freunds adjuvant injection. In addition, the increase of serum interleukin-6 by RA induction was normalized by the BVA treatment as similar with that of non-arthritic animals. On the other hand, BVA therapy significantly reduced arthritis induced nociceptive behaviors (i.e., nociceptive score for mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia). Furthermore, BVA treatment significantly suppressed adjuvant induced Fos expression in the lumbar spinal cord at 3 weeks post-adjuvant injection. However, BVE treatment (0.05 mg/kg/day) has not any anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effect on RA. Based on the present results, we demonstrated that BVA might be a effective fraction in whole BV for long-term treatment of RA-induced pain and inflammation. However, it is clear necessary that further fraction study about BVA was required for elucidating an effective component of BVA.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.543-550
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• 2005

This study was designed to identify the effects of Reynoutria Japonica on antibacterial activity aganist Bordetella pertussis ATCC 9797 which is cause of whooping cough. The ethanol- and water-extracts of more than 80 oriental herbal medicine were Investigated by Kirby -Bauer method to determine their inhibitory effects on growth of B. pertussis ATCC 9797 in vitro. For that Reynoutria Japonica was selected. The ethanol-soluble extract of Reynoutria Japonica showed relatively high antivacterial activity against B. pertussis ATCC 9797. However, the water-soluble extract of Reynoutria Japonica showed no antibacterial activity. The ethanolic extract was further fractionated with organic solvents such as hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, in that order. Among the fraction tested, the chloroform fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity when the ethanol-soluble extract of Reynoutria Japonica minial inhibitory concentration(MIC) was $25{\mu}g/m{\ell}l$. Results support a role far Reynoutria Japonica in inhibiting the cell growth of B. pertussis ATCC 9797, but further experimentation is required.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.98-109
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was designed to identify the effects of Salvia Miltiorrhiza or antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 33400. Methods : The ethanol- and water-extracts of more than 80 oriental herbal medicines were investigated by the Kirby-Bauer method to determine their inhibitory effect on growth of S. pneumoniae ATCC 33400 in vitro. Of thorn, Salvia Miltiorrhiza was selected. Results : The ethanol-soluble extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza showed relatively high antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae ATCC 33400. However, the water-soluble extract of Salvia Miltionrhiza showed no antibacterial activity. The ethanolic extract was forker fractionated with organic solvents such as hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate in that order. Among the fraction tested, the chloroform fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity, when the ethanol-soluble extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 25${\mu}g/ml$. Conclusions : Further study should be carried out to identity of the cell growth inhibition effects of S. pneumoniae ATCC 33400.