• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2009

This study evaluates the water quality of the river near the alpine farmland in the upper Naerin stream, which is a typical stream of the upper Bukhan River with muddy water generation, by the flow examination, it aims to estimate the characteristics of nonpoint sources flowing out from the investigated area and figure out effective methods to reduce them. According to the result of water quality examination, the average BOD of the area not affected by the cultivated land among the areas of the upper Naerin River was 0.47mg/l, and total phosphorous was 0.007mg/l; thus, it maintained the cleanliness level of Ia. The average BOD of the area with the alpine farmland was 0.52mg/l, which was similar to the one of the non-cultivated land. But total phosphorous concentration was 0.023mg/l, which was more than three times higher than the area belonging to level II due to the effect of fertilizer ingredients discharged from the cultivated land. About the loadings of the investigated area generated from each of the pollution sources, BOD was 878.5kg/day and total phosphorous was 79.7kg/day. Moreover, for the load density, BOD was $2.22kg/day.km^2$ and total phosphorous was shown as $0.20kg/day.km^2$. Regarding the rates generated from nonpoint sources like land among the loadings per pollution sources, BOD was 54%, total nitrogen was 91%, and total phosphorous was 73.4%. Therefore, it was shown that most of the nutrients were produced from the nonpoint sources. The level of BOD runoff loading in the Jaun River area, where nonpoint sources were mainly generated, was 37.1kg/day and total phosphorous was 1.33kg/day. The flow rates to the generated amount were estimated as 10.5% and 4.7% each.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Ecological restoration aims to reverse the degradation of ecosystems that occurred as humans have affected landscapes. This study was conducted in part of a larger project to develop participatory ecological restoration procedures for disturbed areas in Baigdoodaegahn which is a major mountain range in the Korean Peninsula. The case of alpine farmland at Kangwon-do was selected to apply the theoretical framework of participatory restoration since the nutrient contents in alpine solid under vegetable cultivation degrade water quality in the watershed while farmers in the region are economically struggling due to imports of vegetables from China. The reciprocal model of restoration was applied to cope with interactions between human and ecosystem needs in ecological restoration. A series of environmental education and eco-tourism programs were developed and incorporated into the participatory restoration project to rebuild social-cultural aspects of the community as well as to restore the biophysically disturbed area while meeting both ecological needs and human needs. This study suggests that participatory projects will be more successful when experts support the local residents and citizens in restoration process, when leadership are developed through social learning, and when ecological, financial and social factors of restoration are integratedly considered.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.313-320
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• 2005

Various by-product composts are applied in alpine farmland, and some of them generate many problems especially when they are not completely composted. The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of by-product composts used in Gangweon alpine uplands. Average organic matter content, C/N ratio and NaCl content in 3 species of registered composts were 33%, 13 and 0.8%, respectively, and the general quality were better than the guideline of by-product compost. Odor and contents of $NH_3$ and $CO_2$ in the registered composts were relatively lower than those in the unregistered composts. Among the 13 unregistered composts tested in this experiment, 3 species contained organic matter content less than 25%, 5 species had C/N ratio less than 10, and 8 species contained NaCl exceeded the acceptable level. Eight species in the unregistered composts contained more than 50% of water. Contents of heavy metals in both the registered and unregistered composts were lower than the acceptable level. In spectroscopic property analysis, registered composts were Band P types, and unregistered composts were Rp and P types.