• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2022

In this article, we look at the application of BIM (Building Information Modeling) in sustainable infrastructures. In response to global warming, energy shortages, and environmental degradation, people are trying to build eco-friendly, low-carbon cities and promote eco-friendly homes. A "green" building is the entire life cycle of a building that includes maximizing the conservation of resources (energy, water, land, and materials), protecting the environment, reducing pollution, providing people with healthy, comfortable, and efficient use of space, and establishing harmony between nature and architecture. In the field of ecological and sustainable buildings, BIM modeling can be integrated into buildings with analog energy, air flow analysis, and solar building ecosystems. Using BIM technologies, you can reduce the amount of waste and improve the quality of construction. These technologies create "visualization" of digital building models through multidimensional digital design solutions that provide" modeling and analysis "of Scientific Collaboration Platforms for designers, architects, utility engineers, developers, and even end users. Moreover, BIM helps them use three-dimensional digital models in project design and construction and operational management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09b
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• pp.1189-1192
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• 2005

Due to their slow degradation properties, hydrophobic organic contaminants in estuarine sediment have been a concern for risks to human health and aquatic organisms. Studies of fate and transport of these contaminants in estuaries are further complicated by the fact that hydrodynamics and sediment transport processes in these regions are complex, involving processes with various temporal and spatial scales. In order to simulate and quantify long-term attenuation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in the Elizabeth River, VA, we develop a modeling approach, which employs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's water quality model, WASP, and encompasses key physical and chemical processes that govern long-term fate and transport of PAHs in the river. In this box-model configuration, freshwater inflows mix with ocean saline water and tidally averaged dispersion coefficients are obtained by calibration using measured salinity data. Sediment core field data is used to estimate the net deposition/erosion rate, treating only either the gross resuspension or deposition rate as the calibration parameter. Once calibrated, the model simulates fate and transport PAHs following the loading input to the river in 1967, nearly 4 decades ago. Sediment PAH concentrations are simulated over 1967-2022 and model results for Year 2002 are compared with field data measured at various locations of the river during that year. Sediment concentrations for Year 2012 and 2022 are also projected for various remedial actions. Since all the model parameters are based on empirical field data, model predictions should reflect responses based on the assumptions that have been governing the fate and sediment transport for the past decades.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.430-430
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 유역모델링 시 오염원 산정의 공간적 범위를 합리적으로 고려하기 위해서, 유역모델링을 위한 소유역 구분간의 공간해상도를 유역의 오염부하량 산정을 위한 공간단위 수준으로 설정하여 새만금호 유역수질모델링을 실시하였다. 모형 구축은 HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran)를 이용하였으며, 오염부하량 산정단위인 리 동의 행정경계, 수치표고모델(DEM), 농경지 배수로 등 구조물들을 고려하여 새만금 유역을 대상으로 804개의 소유역을 구분 적용하였다. 소유역 세분화에 따른 계산량을 고려하여 효과적인 모델 구동을 위해 만경유역 7개, 동진유역 7개, 연안유역 3개 (총 17개)의 서브모델로 모의시스템을 구성하여 상류에서 하류로 서브모델을 순차적으로 보 검정 및 모의하도록 구현하였다. 유량 보 검정은 14개소 수문측정자료(2009~2013)와 자동보정기법을 적용하여 수행하였다. 유량보 검정결과 NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient)가 0.66~0.97, PBIAS가 -31~16.5%, $R^2$는 0.75~0.98의 범위를 보여 모형의 적용성을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 수질 보 검정의 경우 29개소 수질측점을 대상으로 온도, DO, BOD, TN, TP의 항목에 대해 유량보정과 같은 기간에 대해 수동보정을 실시하였다. 수질결과는 일부 상류유역에서 갈수기시 모의값이 다소 불안정한 부분이 발견되나 대체로 각 측점의 수질에 대한 시간적 변동 패턴과 평균적 수질은 합리적으로 모의하는 것으로 나타났다. 공간세분화에 따른 모델링결과를 선행연구들과 비교한 결과, 유량부문에서 우수성을 보였으나 수질부문은 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 향후 유역 오염원, 수자원 운영 등에 관한 정밀 자료 확보 시 이를 고려하는 고도화된 수문 수질 모델링 개발 및 구축에 적용될 수 있는 시스템으로 활용성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2015

The momentum and kinetic turbulent energy carried by the wind to a stratified lake lead to basin-scale motions, which provide a major driving force for vertical and horizontal mixing. A three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model was applied to Lake Tahoe, located between California and Nevada, USA, to simulate the dominant basin-scale internal waves in the deep lake. The results demonstrated that the model well represents the temporal and vertical variations of water temperature that allows the internal waves to be energized correctly at the basin scale. Both the model and thermistor chain (TC) data identified the presence of Kelvin modes and Poincare mode internal waves. The lake was weakly stratified during the study period, and produced large amplitude (up to 60 m) of internal oscillations after several wind events and partial upwelling near the southwestern lake. The partial upwelling and followed coastal jets could be an important feature of basin-scale internal waves because they can cause re-suspension and horizontal transport of fine particles from nearshore to offshore. The internal wave dynamics can be also associated with the distributions of water quality variables such as dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the lake. Thus, the basin-scale internal waves and horizontal circulation processes need to be accurately modeled for the correct simulation of the dissolved and particulate contaminants, and biogeochemical processes in the lake.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.107-111
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• 2008

Water quality contamination issues are of critical concern to human health, whilst pesticide release generated from irrigated land should be considered for protecting natural habitats and human health. This paper suggests new method for evaluation and analysis using the GIS technique based on integrated spatial modeling framework. The pesticide use on irrigated land is a subset of the larger spectrum of industrial chemicals used in modern society. The behavior of a pesticide is affected by the natural affinity of the chemical for one of four environmental compartments; solid matter, liquid, gaseous form, and biota. However, the major movements are a physical transport over the ground surface by rainfall-runoff and irrigation-runoff. The irrigated water carries out with the transporting sediments and makes contaminated water by pesticide. This paper focuses on risk impact identification and assessment using GIS technique. Also, generated data on pesticide residues on farmland and surface water through GIS simulation will be reflected to environmental research programs. Finally, this study indicates that GIS application is a beneficial tool for spatial pesticide impact analysis as well as environmental risk assessment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 1999

Separation of VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) in Water Using Activated Carbon is known to be effective. Activated Carbon has been and will be employed in many water treatment plants. Simplified plug flow homogeneous surface diffusion model(PFHSDM) has been used to predict adsorption of organic matter. Finite Element Method(FEM) was used to analyze the model. Out of water quality control substances, benzene, toluene and tetrachloroethylene were used in the small column test. Film diffusion coefficients and surface diffusion coefficients were obtained from the column test, and were compared with the modeling results. Mc Cune, Williamson, William and Kataoka model, were compared with film diffusion coefficients obtained in the test. McCune model was fitted best for those VOCs used in this experiment. Film diffusion coefficients of VOCs obtained were benzene 0.265 cm/min, toluene 0.348 cm/min and tetrachloroethylene 0.298 cm/min. Surface diffusion coefficients of VOCs obtained were benzene $6.36{\times}10^{-8}cm^2/min$, toluene $3.20{\times}10-8cm2/min$, and tetrachloruethylene $4.94{\times}10^{-8}cm^2/min$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2007

The alpine agricultural activities are usually performed at higher and steep areas in nature. Thus, significant amounts of soil erosion are occurring compared with those from other areas. Thus, the soil erosion induced environmental impacts in these areas are getting greater. The Doam watershed is located at alpine areas and it has been well known that the agricultural activities in the watershed are causing accelerated soil erosion and water quality degradations. Many modeling approaches were employed to solve soil erosion and water quality issues. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was utilized to simulate the hydrologic and sediment behaviors in the Doam watershed. In many previous modeling studies, the digital soil map and its corresponding soil properties were used without modification to reflect soil conditioning at many agricultural fields of the Doam watershed. Thus, the soil sample was taken at the agricultural field within the Doam watershed and analyzed for its physical properties. In this study, the digital topsoil properties in the agricultural fields within the Doam watershed were replaced with the soil properties for reconditioned soil analyzed in this study to simulate the impacts of using soil properties for reconditioned soil in hydrologic and sediment modeling at the Doam watershed using the SWAT model. The hydrologic component of the SWAT model was calibrated and validated for measured flow data from 2002 to 2003. The $R^2$ value was 0.79 and the EI value was 0.53 for weekly simulated data. The calibrated model parameters were used for hydrologic component validation and the $R^2$ value was 0.86 and the EI value was 0.74 for weekly data. For sediment comparison, the $R^2$ value was 0.67 and the EI value was 0.59. These statistics improved with the use of soil properties of the reconditioned soil in the field compared with the results obtained without considering soil reconditioning. The simulated sediment amounts with and without considering the soil properties of the reconditioned soil were 284,813 ton and 158,369 ton, respectively. This result indicates that there could be approximately 79% of errors in estimated sediment yield at the Doam watershed, although the model comparison with the measured data gave similar satisfactory statistics with and without considering soil properties from the reconditioned soil.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.369-381
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• 2020

In this paper, observed water quality, algal blooms and flow rates in the Yeongsan River and its boundaries including 8 tributaries and 2 wastewater treatment plants for two years of 2018-2019 were analyzed. It seems effects of non-point source load inputs from basin areas to the river may be significant though the field data availability was limited. The EFDC model was calibrated against data collected from 6 water level monitoring stations and 6 water quality monitoring stations, respectively, in the study area. Water quality improvement scenarios were developed assuming 50% and 75% reductions of major pollution sources including treatment plants and tributaries. The developed scenarios were applied to the EFDC model to estimate effects on algal bloom occurrences in the Seungchon weir and Juksan weir. Improvement of the effluent of Gwangju 1 WWTP by 75% did not show any effect on algal blooms for two weir locations. The major tributary affecting algal blooms in the Seungchon weir was the Hwangryong River. The Jisuk stream was found as the most important tributary for the Juksan weir followed by the effect of the Hwangryong River. Though it seems other scattered small nonpoint source load input to the Yeongsan river also seem to be important, it was not possible to reflect their effects appropriately due to field data availability.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.897-913
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• 2004

There has been continuous efforts to manage the water resources for the required water quality criterion at river channel in Korea. However, we could not obtain the partial improvement only for the point source pollutant such as, wastewater from urban and industrial site through the water quality management. Therefore, it is strongly needed that the Best Management Practice(BMP) throughout the river basin for water quality management including non-point source pollutant loads. This problem should be resolved by recognizing the non-point source pollutant loads from upstream river basin to the outlet depends on the land use and soil type characteristic of the river basin using the computer simulation by distributed parameter model based on the detailed investigation and the application of Geographic Information System(GIS). Used in this study, Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AnnAGNPS) model is a tool suitable for long term evaluation of the effects of BMPs and can be used for un gauged watershed simulation of runoff and sediment yield. Now applications of model are in progress. So we just describe the limited result. However If well have done modeling and have investigated of propriety of model, well achieve our final goal of this study.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 1997

The high oxidants, which occur the daily maximum concentrations in the afternoon, are transported into the other region via long range transport mechanisms or trapped within the shallow mixing boundary layer and then removed physically (deposition, transport by mountain wind, etc.) and chemically (reaction with local sources). Therefore, modeling formation of photochemical oxidants requires a complex description of both chemical and meteorological processes. In this study, as a part of air quality studies, we reviewed various aspects of photochemical modeling on the basis of currently available literature. The result of the review shows that the model is based on a set of coupled continuity equations describing advection, diffusion, transport, deposition, chemistry, emission. Also photochemical oxidant models require a large amount of input data concerned with all aspects of the ozone life cycle. First, emission inventories of hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, with appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. Second, chemical and photochemical data allowing the quantitative description of the formation of ozone and other photochemically-generated secondary pollutants. Third, dry deposition mechanisms particularly for ozone, PAN and hydrogen peroxide to account for their removal by absorption on the ground, crops, natural vegetation, man-made and water surfaces. Finally, meteorological data describing the transport of primary pollutants away from their sources and of secondary pollutants towards the sensitive receptors where environmental damage may occur. In order to improve our present study, shortcomings and limitation of existing models are pointed out and verification process through observation is emphasized.