• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2014

The allocation of margin of safety (MOS) at a uniform rate to all areas of the unit watershed makes it very difficult to keep the load allotment stable in the area for lack of reduction measures like forest land. This study developed an equation to calculate margin of safety differentially according to the regional characteristics. The equation was formulated on the basis of the regional characteristic factors such as a load contribution factor for land use type and a site conversion factor for the unit watershed. The load contribution factor represents a contribution of loads from a particular land use. The site conversion factor was derived from the site conversion ratio of a unit watershed. Margin of safety for the non-point pollution load in the land use sector decreased by 20~25% in three river basins. The margin of safety in the unit watersheds with low site occupation ratios decreased in high rate, while in the unit watersheds with large urban area decreased in low rate. With the application of the differential margin of safety considering regional characteristics, not only the reduction of pollution loads can become lighter but also it can be easier to develop plans for Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) even where the reduction measures are not available.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.732-738
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• 2015

Water quality in four major river basin in Korea was managed with Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) System. The unit watershed in TMDL system has been evaluated with Target Water Quality (TWQ) assessment using average water quality, without considering its volume of water quantity. As results, although unit watershed are obtained its TWQ, its allocated loads were not satisfied and vice versa. To solve these problems, a number of TWQ assessments with using Load Duration Curve (LDC) have been studied at other watersheds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate achievement of TWQ with Flow Duration Curve (FDC) and Load Duration Curve(LDC) at 26 unit watersheds in Han river basin. The results showed that achievement rates in TWQ assessment with current method and with LDC were 50~56 % and 69~73%, respectively. Because of increasing about 20% of achievement rates with using LDC, the number of exceeded unit watershed at Han river Basin was decreased about 4~6 unit watersheds.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2020

Tributary is a part of life space for people and a very important place that accommodates rest recreation and other daily activities. absolutely insufficient basic data about water quality and flow rate are available for basin management. Efficient water and basin management systems, which are also supported by local residents can be established by securing such basic data of major tributaries in the Nakdong river system. In this study, the fluctuation characteristics of upstream and downstream water pollution levels were compared using the measurement results of the water environment measurement network and the tributary monitoring project for the gyeseong-stream and Hwapo-stream in the Nakdong-miryang watershed. In 2017, when water pollution is the highest, it was confirmed that the annual average rainfall was the lowest. Although the upstream and downstream water quality tendencies of the Gyeseong-stream are similar, the water quality concentrations of the Gyeseong-stream are relatively different. But although the Hwapo stream has various causes of pollution, there was not much difference in the level of pollution between the upper and lower streams. In addition, both rivers need the ability to purify rivers by securing sufficient water for river maintenance, and if the correlation between water quality items can be inferred through continuous monitoring of tributaries where the aspect of water quality change is unclear, water quality management Determined to be efficient operation.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.121-135
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• 2003

The main purpose of this paper is to estimate environmental preference of advanced countries for water and air pollution. In doing so, we introduce home production. That is, we assume that pollution has not only negative effect on utility but also positive effect on production. Thus if the former is greater that the latter effect, the total effect of pollution is negative. In this paper, we investigated this effect of advanced countries by using GMM estimator. The main finding is that in case of air pollution. This effect is negative. This implies that in case of air pollution, the disutility effect is greater that productivity effect.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2001

Differences in risk perception on major environmental issues between general public and environmental experts were investigated in this study. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to samples from general public and environmental experts during March and April, 2000. Total number of responses was 1,126 including 773 persons from general public and 353 experts. Risk perceptions on 26 environmental issues were related with the need to regulate each issue, controllability, experience, political views, interest in environmental problem, satisfaction of environment, severity of environmental pollution. There was statistically significant difference in risk perceptions between general public and experts. Overall, general public was likely to perceive risks associated with environmental problem, as well as social need to regulate these problems more than experts. The issues with high risk perception and need to regulate were 'automobile exhaust', 'industrial air pollution', ocean pollution by industrial waste and oil exhaust', 'air pollution by chemicals', 'surface water pollution by waste from household', 'industrial and hospital waste', 'surface water pollution by pesticide'and'sewage and food waste'. Consequently, it seems necessary to manage these issues, prior to others.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

To estimate the annual WTP for risk reduction of environmental problems such as outdoor and indoor air pollution, and drinking water contamination, a questionnaire survey was conducted by dichotomous contingent valuation method in Seoul. Several covariate models based on Turnbull, Weibull and Spike models were developed and applied to WTP estimation with uncertainty analysis. WTP estimates for risk reduction of air pollution were 13,000 won, 12,000 won, and 10,000 won per month in low-bounded Turnbull, Weibull and Spike models, respectively. The estimates for indoor air pollution were 17,000 won,20,000 won and 21,000 won and these for drinking water contamination were 10,000 won, 13,000 won and 14,000 won in each model, respectively. Goodness of fit for Weibull model was better than those for other models. WTP estimates for indoor air pollution were higher than those for other pollution problems.

• 한국기술사회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술사회 1983년도 한일기술사 합동 심포지움
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• pp.74-77
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• 1983

To attain the rich and comfortable human living, much development and economic growth are needed. But the radical development destroys natural environments or resources, and also the life environments are destroyed. How to maintain the balance between development and environments forms an important problem. Since 1955, a great deal of damage has been done to human being by the pollution of air, water or noise in Japan, for example, Minamata-byo (1956), arsenical poisoning by mkil (1955), Cd-I taiitai-byo (1955), asthma by air pollution, etc. Now, there are over 100,000 sick persons suffering from pollution in Japan. To prevent the pollution, the first act was made 1967, the kind of which were defined as follow:air, water, soil, noise, vibration ground subsidence, and bad smell. Laws on these were established 1970∼1981, and the environments here ave gradually being improved. The mentioned above gituation necsesitates the measuring or chemical analysis of pollution data, but the many cost is necessary to obtain such data. The special environment measuring certifier was needed and the Measurement Law was amended 1974. Some comment will be given of the present condition of environmental measuring certifier.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.933-942
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of waterbody impairment according to the flow conditions and present to the appropriate water quality improvement alternatives using observed water quality and flow for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) implementation at 39 unit watersheds the nakdong river basin. Observed water quality data for 7 years are divided into five cumulative flow frequency group and comparing the each observed water quality data and TMDL Target water quality (TWQ) the last evaluate the water quality is impaired group. We found that the cumulative flow frequency group-specific the average excess rate of V group was the highest (32.86%), followed by the IV group (26.04%), group III (23.36%), II group (22.67%), I group (20.70%), the degree of impaired waterbody tended to be inversely proportional to the flow rate. Resulted from cumulative flow frequency group of impaired water quality assessment, 13 unit watersheds are impaired from a group IV and group V affected by point sources. Therefore, improvement of sewage discharge and the initial composition of the riparian buffer zone are needed. Nakbon F, Namkang D and Namkang E within 13 unit watersheds are impaired from group II and III affected by non-point sources. Therefore, application of Best Management Practices (BMPs) is needed for these watersheds. Evaluation of impaired waterbody using Cumulative flow frequency group is able to determine the extent of the judgment to TWQ exceeded by the flow conditions and helps proper setting Standard flow and planning pollutant reduction for TMDL.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2018

환경부에서는 유역단위의 통합 물관리를 위하여 물환경관리계획, 수질오염총량제 등을 실시하고 있으며, 측정망에서 측정된 수질을 이용하여 설정된 목표수질의 달성 정도를 판단하고 있다. 유역 하류부에 위치한 측정망의 지점에서의 수질 농도는 유역의 각 지류에서 오염원 유입과 하천의 자정작용 등의 복잡한 메커니즘을 거쳐서 만들어진 결과물이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 유역의 오염원 추적 및 초과율을 이용해 본류 및 지류의 수질이 목표수질 지점에 미치는 영향의 정도에 대하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 오염총량제의 대상물질인 BOD와 T-P를 포함한 총 6가지의 수질항목에 대하여 FDC와 초과율 분석을 수행하였고, 이를 통해 목표수질 지점에 유황별 영향을 미치는 수질항목 및 지점을 도출할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 FDC 분석을 통한 오염원 추적은 목표수질 달성을 위해 지류별 수질관리 전략을 보다 효율적으로 수립할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.531-539
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• 2013

In order to apply a water quality indicator as a certain target pollutant, the indicator should have the representability of an index for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Scientific groundwork and treatment technologies also should be provided for the application of the indicator. This study analyzed the applicability of major water quality indicators for target pollutants. The results showed that four water quality indicators of TOC, T-N, SS & T-Coli can be considered as target pollutants besides existing BOD and T-P. These indicators can be applied with the preparations such as essential basic data, pollution load estimation framework as well as legal criteria setting when the need is raised. As the importance of TOC, which is considered as a replacement of BOD, is emphasized, technical and institutional terms are being prepared in order to determine TOC as another target pollutant in the near future. It could be considered to combine TOC with BOD for the time being during the $3^{rd}$ stage of TMDLs in view of the present conditions for the management of TOC. TOC can be the most effective index for the organic matter and help to be managed more systematically in the waterbodies where rivers and lakes are mutually connected.