• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.1 s.162
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• pp.59-68
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• 2006

To assess the water resources sustainability, many indicators and methodologies have been suggested by international organizations and developed in other countries. However, in the previous studies, some of indicators were unsuitable for assessing the sustainability of water use and management in Korea. Thus, in this study nSl(Water Resources Sustainability Index), a multi-variable index, was created by consideration of environmental, social, and economical criteria. Relative weights for components, indicators and sub-indexes, were determined by employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process. In order to extract the indicators related with water resources sustainability, the data related with water resources and indicators suggested in various field were compared and thoroughly reviewed. These indicators were classified into four groups; Economic Efficiency Index, Social Equity Index, Environmental Conservation Index, and Maintenance Capability Index. The weight of each component were decided by the survey of 127 specialists in water resources and sustainability. The result of survey represented that efficiency and equity of water use and water quality for river restoration are major issues in enhancing the water resources sustainability In addition, it was found that investment and public participation should be considered for sustainable water use.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.515-525
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• 2006

Survey was done to total 250 people to analyze characteristics of water quality in 5 widely used mineral water springs-(Teajosan(a), Leechungmukong(b), Onju(c), Yeongin(d), Crown(e))-in Chung-nam area and local mineral water usage. And the content of mineral and physico-chemical properties were compared in 5 sites. The largest users of mineral water spring was $40{\sim}50's$ of ages. Among those mineral water spring users, 52.5% had regular dietary habit and 32% showed improvement in lift habit after using mineral water spring. The mineral water spring users were engaged in student, housewife, professional, self-employed, etc. Those who were highly interested in health were likely to use mineral spring water more often regardless of age and occupation. Five mineral water springs differed in contents of mineral. The average content of minerals was $Ca\;28.5mg/{\ell},\;K\;1.5mg/{\ell},\;Mg\;5.3mg/{\ell},\;Na\;14.3mg/{\ell}$. 'K index' was an indicator of healthy water, and 'O index' was an indicator of tasty water. According to K indek and O index, waters of a b, c and e area were classified as 'tasty and healthy water', and water of e area had the highest values in both K and O index d area was classified as 'tasty water.'

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1071-1083
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• 2019

In this study, water quality levels were classified and water quality indices were calculated and analysed by using the water quality components of living environmental standards monitored 10 years (2008 ~ 2017) at four stations in the West Nakdong River. As a result of analyzing the monthly variation of the water quality components of the living environmental standards, the water quality in the West Nakdong River was worse downstream than upstream, and pollution at the WNR3 located in the downstream of the Jomangang was the most serious. As a result of classification of water quality levels, BOD and COD levels were the lowest, so water quality pollution in the West Nakdong River was found to be highly influenced by organic matters. The water quality index was the lowest in July and August at four stations, so water quality is showing the worst in summer. As a result of analyzing the correlation between the water quality components and the water quality index, the correlation between the TOC and the water quality index was high in the four stations, and the water quality index in the West Nakdong River was dominated by organic matters and nutrients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.437-454
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• 2021

This study investgates Korean water technology through the water market perspective and analyses its competitiveness. Based on the water technology classification, water technology competitiveness is analysed through the technological influence index and market dominance index which are based on the extracted water technology patents from the US, Europe, Korea, and Japan for the last decade. As a result, the Korean water technology patents were lack in influence and competitiveness in global market considering the large volume of patents. There are two most tech-influential industries in Korea; manufacturing industry consisting pipes, sterilization, disinfection, and advanced water purification equipment, and construction industry including seawater desalination and water resource development. Due to the domestic usage of the patents, the Korean water technology patents scored low in global market PFS(Patent Family Size) index compared to their CPP(Cites Per Patent) index. The study is meaningful in a way that the analysis on Korean water technology competitiveness using water technology classification system and patent analysis was conducted based on the perspective of the global water market.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2024

Global warming-induced drought inflicts significant socio-economic and environmental damage. In Korea, the persistent drought in the southern region since 2022 has severely affected water supplies, agriculture, forests, and ecosystems due to uneven precipitation distribution. To effectively prepare for and mitigate such impacts, it is imperative to develop proactive measures supported by early monitoring systems. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of multiple evapotranspiration-based drought indices, focusing on the flash drought event in the southern region in 2022. The indices included the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) considering precipitation and temperature, and the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) based on satellite images. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and SPEI indices utilized temperature and precipitation data from meteorological observation stations, while the ESI index was based on satellite image data provided by the MODIS sensor on the Terra satellite. Additionally, we utilized the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) provided by the North Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a supplementary index to ESI, enabling us to perform more effective drought monitoring. We compared the degree and extent of drought in the southern region through four drought indices, and analyzed the causes and effects of drought from various perspectives. Findings indicate that the ESI is more sensitive in detecting the timing and scope of drought, aligning closely with observed drought trends.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2023

The benthic macroinvertebrates index (BMI) was developed based on the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), which is the amount of biodegradable organic matter in stream water. However, benthic macroinvertebrates mainly live in the streambed substrate and are affected by the interaction of water quality and substrate. This study was conducted to examine the interactive relationship between water quality items (BOD₅, total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS)) and substrate with BMI by performing statistical analyses (four-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis). The data used in the analyses were collected from 19,915 sampling units at 1,937 sites in South Korea from 2010 to 2020. The interaction effect between BOD₅ and substrate types was confirmed through a four-way analysis of variance. Partial correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis estimated the degree of influence on the change in BMI value in the order of mean grain size of the substrate as (𝜱_m) > BOD₅ > TP > TSS. BMI can be regarded as an index that evaluates the comprehensive effects of water quality and streambed status, although it is an index that was developed based on the amount of biodegradable organic matter in a water column.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.707-717
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• 2011

Replacement of old water distribution pipes for protecting water quality induced by pipe corrosion requires enormous budget. Even after the replacement, however, corrosion can occur again at any times and, therefore, inhibitive measure of the corrosion will be not only economical but needed to diminish the consumers' distrust on tap water quality. In 2008, National Environmental Research Institute did a survey on 8 major drinking water source and proposed to establish the Langelier Saturation Index(LI) as a corrosion index in Drinking Water Quality Criteria. Among the water industries of Korea, K-Water is the only one that set up the level of pH over 7.0 and LI above -1.5 on yearly average basis. However, no systematic regulation including LI to inhibit the corrosive tendency has been established yet. In this paper, LI values out of 31 drinking water treatment plants were analyzed and two-stage control of LI value as a measure of corrosive tendency of water is proposed. Primarily, water treatment facilities may operate the system at a target LI value below -1.5. Following the investigation on the effect caused by adjusting the LI value on water quality and corrosiveness, it will be desirable to improve LI value below -1.0 in the long run. In addition to the LI, supplemental use of Larson's modified ratio (LMR) which incorporates hydraulic detention time will be necessary. Several methods to prove the inhibitive effect of improving the LI value on water quality have been also suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.483-487
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• 2008

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.167-182
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find correlation about 7-Zone-Diagnostic System and Clinical Parameters using Oriental Health Examination. Methods : Subjects of our study were 325 cases who took Oriental Health Examination. We collected the data of body composition analysis, 7-Zone-Diagnostic System, blood analysis and devided by 7-Zone-Diagnostic system to acceleration, normalcy and depression. Results and Conclusions : The values of muscle mass, body fat mass, abdomen obesity rate, right arm water index, left arm water index, trunk water index, right leg water index, left leg water index, BMI, BMR, GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP, BUN, TC, triglyceride and hemoglobin were continuous with 7-Zone-Diagnostic system.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.133-139
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• 2003

Dredged soil from sea has much higher water content than liquid limit of clay and even if small loads apply, it will suffer a great settlement. Therefore it is very difficult to perform a consolidation test with general consolidation apparatus because of high water content. In this study Rowe Cell Apparatus consolidation tests have been performed with 1 remolding clay of water content 56% and 4 slurry clays of a water content of 100%, 120%, 133% and 150%. From the test results the consolidation characteristics such as compression index, secondary compression index and consolidation coefficient have been investigated with a variation of water content of dredged soil. The equations to get consolidation constants such as a compression index, a consolidation coefficient have been proposed with the field water content.