• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2016

본 연구는 원유정제과정에서 발생되는 산업부산물인 유황에 폴리머 성분의 첨가제를 혼입한 개질유황결합재를 사용하여 중온아스팔트 혼합물을 제조하고, 개질유황결합재를 사용한 중온아스팔트 혼합물의 간접인장강도, 수침전후 및 동결융해 전후 인장강도비와 휠트랙킹 시험에 의한 동적안정도 등의 역학 및 내구 특성을 평가하였다. 실험결과, 개질유황 결합재를 사용한 중온아스팔트 혼합물의 수침전후 인장강도비는 0.88로 중온 폼드 개질 아스팔트의 약 1.13배이며, 동결융해 전후의 인장강도비 또한 0.82로 인장강도비 KS 품질기준 값 0.75 이상을 모두 만족하였다. 간접인장강도는 1.60MPa로 KS 품질기준 값 0.80MPa의 2배, 일반가열아스팔트의 1.29MPa과 비교하여 약 1.24배 높은 간접인장강도를 나타내었다. 또한, 휠트랙킹 시험에 의한 동적안정도는 14,075회/mm로 일반가열아스팔트의 약 15배, 중온 폼드 개질 아스팔트의 약 3배로 피로균열 등 소성변형에 대한 저항성이 매우 우수하게 나타났다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the durability characteristics of controlled low strength material(flowable fill) with high volume fly ash content. Flowable fill refer to self-compacted, cementitious material used primarily as a backfill in lieu of compacted fill. The two primary advantages of flowable fill over traditional methods are its ease of placement and the elimination of settlement. Therefore, in difficult compaction areas or areas where settlement is a concern, flowable fill should be considered. The fly ash used in this study met the requirements of KS L 5405 and ASTM C 618 for Class F material. The mix proportions used for flowable fill are selected to obtain low-strength materials in the 10 to 15kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ range. The optimized flowable fill was consisted of 60kg f/$\textrm{m}^3$ cement content, 280kgf/$\textrm{m}^3$ fly ash content, 1400kgf/$\textrm{m}^3$ sand content, and 320kgf/$\textrm{m}^3$ water content. Subsequently, durability tests including permeability, warm water immersion, repeated wetting & drying, freezing & thawing for high volume fly ash-flowable fill are conducted. The results indicated that flowable fill has acceptable durability characteristics.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.650-655
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of artificial supercooling followed by still air freezing (SSF) on the qualities of pork loin. The qualities of pork frozen by SSF were compared with the fresh control (CT, stored at 4℃ for 24 h), slow freezing (SAF, still air freezing) and rapid freezing (EIF, ethanol immersion freezing) treatments. Compared with no supercooling phenomena of SAF and EIF, the extent of supercooling obtained by SSF treatment was 1.4℃. Despite that SSF was conducted with the same method with SAF, application of artificial supercooling accelerated the phase transition (traverse from -0.6℃ to -5℃) from 3.07 h (SAF) to 2.23 h (SSF). The observation of a microstructure indicated that the SSF prevented tissue damage caused by ice crystallization and maintained the structural integrity. The estimated quality parameters reflected that SSF exhibited superior meat quality compared with slow freezing (SAF). SSF showed better water-holding capacity (lower thawing loss, cooking loss and expressible moisture) and tenderness than SAF, and these quality parameters of SSF were not significantly different with ultra-fast freezing treatment (EIF). Consequently, the results demonstrated that the generation of supercooling followed by conventional freezing potentially had the advantage of minimizing the quality deterioration caused by the slow freezing of meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of PVP concentration and exposure temperature to vitrification solution on the post-thaw survival, in vitro maturation and development of immature bovine oocytes (germinal vesicle stage). The vitrification solution (VS) consisted of 40% ethylene glycol (EG)+0.5 M sucrose (S)+10% FBS. PVP was added to VS: 0%, 5% or 10%. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were diluted in VS as one step, after 2 min the COCs were loaded in straw and vitrified by direct immersion into liquid nitrogen. For thawing, the straws were plunged into $30^{\circ}C$ water bath for 10s. After thawing, the oocytes were diluted in 0.5 M (in DPBS with 10% FBS) sucrose solution for 5 min. The survival rate (FDA-test and trypan blue) of immature bovine oocytes was measured. The survival rate was higher in 5% PVP (91.5%) than in 0% (64.2%) or in 10% PVP (79.7%). The proportion of metaphase II formation was 69.35% in control (no vitrified COCs), 9.3% in 40% EG+0.5 M S+0% PVP and 21.05% in 40% EG+0.5 M S+5% PVP (p<0.05). The effect of room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$ for 10 min) and cold temperature ($4^{\circ}C$ for 10 min) on COCs were determined in this study. After IVF, the cleavage and blastocysts rate of oocytes exposed to room temperature and cold temperature in VS+5% PVP was significantly different (2 cell: 63.20% vs 37.97%, blastocysts: 18.40% vs 2.53%). The cleavage rates of frozen-thawed oocytes were 20.53% with PVP and 22.13% without PVP (p>0.05). Two out of 151 oocytes (1.32%) developed to blastocyst stage after frozen-thawed with 5% PVP (p>0.05). Development of oocytes after frozen-thawing to the 2 cell were not significantly affected with or without PVP following IVF. However, the vitrification of immature bovine oocytes with PVP maintained the ability to develop to the blastocyst stage after IVM-IVF and IVC, while no blastocysts were obtained from oocytes vitrified without PVP. These results suggested that PVP has a protective role for vitrification of immature bovine oocytes as far as survival is concerned, however, the protection was not sufficient enough to support blastocyst formation.