• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.493-513
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• 2016

A modified grey clustering method is presented to systematically evaluate the risk of water inrush in karst tunnels. Based on the center triangle whitenization weight function and upper and lower limit measure whitenization weight function, the modified grey evaluation model doesn't have the crossing properties of grey cluster and meets the standard well. By adsorbing and integrating the previous research results, seven influence factors are selected as evaluation indexes. A couple of evaluation indexes are modified and quantitatively graded according to four risk grades through expert evaluation method. The weights of evaluation indexes are rationally distributed by the comprehensive assignment method. It is integrated by the subjective factors and the objective factors. Subjective weight is given based on analytical hierarchy process, and objective weight obtained from simple dependent function. The modified grey evaluation model is validated by Jigongling Tunnel. Finally, the water inrush risk of Shangjiawan Tunnel is evaluated by using the established model, and the evaluation result obtained from the proposed method is agrees well with practical situation. This risk assessment methodology provides a powerful tool with which planners and engineers can systematically assess the risk of water inrush in karst tunnels.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.338-341
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• 2011

Water usage for cleaning the toilet bowl accounts for 27% of the total water usage. Water-saving valve that can select the amount of water for cleaning toilet bowl can be reduced expenditure. After installing water-saving valve, analysed the economic effects. Water-saving valves compared with flush valves, and researched the amount of water usage. Then analyzed fort he economic effects. Water-saving valve was used 5.6 ${\ell}/time$ for cleaning toilet bowl. In contrast, flush valve was consumed 8.4 ${\ell}/time$. Water-saving valve's water-saving rate was 33.3%. The initial payback period for Water-saving valve was 459.5 days. By a small investment in water saving valve, the economic benefits can be obtained.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.507-514
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• 2013

The Nakdong River being used as drinking water sources for the Busan metropolitan city has the vulnerability of water management due to the fact that industrial areas are located in the upper Nakdong River. This study used emergy analysis method to evaluate ecological-economics of water treatment systems of D water treatment plant (WTP) where located in the downstream of the Nakdong River. The emergy methodology is a system evaluation tool that uses energy as the common currency to compare different resources on a common basis. Emergy yield ratio (EYR) and emergy sustainability index (EmSI) of D WTP were 1.16 and 0.18, respectively. It means not resources and sustainable system but consumer goods and not sustainable system. Ratio of emergy benefit to the purchaser (EBP) shows 2.7 times higher than economic costs. To change the weak water source and situations we need to diversity water intake.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.1017-1028
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 물이용, 홍수 및 하천환경의 3개 수자원 정책 부문에서 수행한 사업성과를 지역별로 평가할 수 있는 통합수자원평가지수(Integrated Water Resources Evaluation Index, IWREI)를 개발하는 것이다. IWREI는 각 부문별 취약성을 나타내는 물이용취약지수(Water Use Vulnerability Index, WUVI), 홍수취약성지수(Flood Vulnerability Index, FVI), 하천환경취약지수(River Environment Vulnerability Index, REVI)를 통합하여 산정된다. 이들 지수들은 물이용, 홍수, 하천환경의 피해를 주는 압력지표(pressure indicators)와 이에 의한 피해 현상지표(state indicators) 및 피해의 대책지표(response indicators)에서 선정한 총 26개 지표로 구성된다, 산정된 지수는 Low, Medium Low, Medium, Medium High, 및 High의 5단계로 취약성 및 정책수행의 효과를 나타냈다. 우리나라 115개의 중권역에 대해 WUVI, FVI, REVI 및IWREI을 분석한 결과, 1990년대 초반에 비해 2000년대 초반의 지수가 개선되어 수자원 정책의 사업효과를 확인할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 개발된 지역간수자원의 취약지수와 평가지수는 수자원 정책목표의 설정과 사업이행의 우선지역을 선정하는데 이용할 수 있다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.183-183
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• 2023

Smart water cities (SWC) are urban municipalities that utilizes modern innovations in managing and preserving the urban water cycle in the city; with the purpose of securing sustainability and improving the quality of life of the urban population. Understanding the different urban water characteristics and management strategies of cities situate a baseline in the development of evaluation scheme in determining whether the city is smart and sustainable. This research herein aims to develop measurements and evaluation for SWC Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and set up a unified global standard and certification scheme. The assessment for SWC is performed in technical, as well as governance and prospective aspects. KPI measurements under Technical Pillar assess the cities' use of technologies in providing sufficient water supply, monitoring water quality, strengthening disaster resilience, minimizing hazard vulnerability, and maintaining and protecting the urban water ecosystem. Governance and Prospective Pillar on the other hand, evaluates the social, economic and administrative systems set in place to manage the water resources, delivering water services to different levels of society. The performance assessment is composed of a variety of procedures performed in a quantitative and qualitative manner, such as computations through established equations, interviews with authorities in charge, field survey inspections, etc. The developed SWC KPI measurements are used to evaluate the urban water management practices for Busan Eco Delta city, a Semulmeori waterfront area in Gangseo district, Busan. The evaluation and scoring process was presented and established, serving as the basis for the application of the smart water city certification all over the world. The established guideline will be used to analyze future cities, providing integrated and comprehensive information on the status of their urban water cycle, gathering new techniques and proposing solutions for smarter measures.

• 농촌계획
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2001

This paper described the overall operations and applications of the water environment management and evaluation systems (WEMES) for environmental management, conservation, and evaluation for a small watershed. WEMES was to be applied with field data from small watersheds ranging from 0.4 to 29.79km2 in size which have steep topography and complex landuses. WEMES was a computer aided decision support system, that was comprised of the database subsystem, the simulation model subsystem, the environmental evaluation model subsystem, and the graphic user interface subsystem that visualizes the simulated results. The water environment management and evaluation with WEMES was successfully performed.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

하천제방 건전도 평가는 하천설계기준 해설(KWRA, 2009) 및 구조물기초 설계기준과 그 해설서(MLTM, 2014와 KGS, 2009) 등 관련 기준 및 기준 해설서에 따라 수위조건 별 기초지반 및 제체를 통한 파이핑 안전성과 제내지 및 제외지 비탈면의 활동안전성 평가를 통해 수행된다. 이때 수위파형은 하천제방 건전도 평가 시 가장 중요한 수위조건 입력자료이나, 국가기준에서 합리적인 결정방법을 제시하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 합리적인 수위파형 결정방법 제안을 위하여 평수위 상승, 홍수위 지속, 수위강하, 홍수빈도 등 수위파형 구성인자 변화에 따른 배수통문 설치 제방의 건전도 평가를 수행하였다. 평가결과, 문산배수통문 설치 제방의 설계수위파형은 최대 57 시간 이상의 평수위상승시간 및 53 시간 이상의 홍수위지속시간 등을 반영하여 설정하여야 할 것으로 평가되었다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2000

A system for regularly appraising the reliability of streamflow data, KORSAS (KOwaco's Regular Streamflow Appraising System) was developed on PC based Windows for hydrological specialists and engineers working in the Korea Water Resources Corporation (KOWACO). The reliability of streamflow rates can be evaluated with KORSAS in various as pects according to the evaluation duration and method. The former being selected as short term (event based) or long term(continus based), and the latter being classified into comparison methods of flow measurement, other stations results, and simulation. Rainfall-runoff models can be used together with KORSAS in order to evaluate the reliability of observed flow data by comparing with simulated flow data. The objective of this study is to develop a systematic methodology in various aspects to evaluate the reliability of streamflow data regularly.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.145-146
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• 2020

This study investigated the performance evaluation of polymer cement mortar for repairing concrete structures using calcium nitrite(Ca(NO₂)₂) and CO₂ nano-bubble mixing water to develop section-restoration methods for the repair and reinforcement of cracks. The evaluation items were strength and microstructure analysis at 28 days of age according to the change in the amount of calcium nitrite and the use of CO₂ nano-bubble water. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the performance of polymer cement mortar for repairing concrete structures was improved by the generation of nitrite-based hydration products when calcium nitrite and CO₂ nano-bubble water were used.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 1996년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.325-332
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• 1996